Grade 10 .

Mathematic – Chapter 6
Chapter ( 6 ) အခ္ဳိ့တူ်ခငး့ကို ေဖား်ပႏိုငးသညးံ ပုဵစဵ ၄ မ္ဳိ့
Ratio , Propotion & Variation a c
(1) = ( 2 ) a : b = c : d ( 3 ) a : b :: c : d ( 4 ) a ÷ b = c ÷ d
အခ္ဳိ့၊ အခ္ဳိ့တူ ႏြငးံ ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ b d

Ratio = အခ္ဳိ့၊ Propotion = အခ္ဳိ့တူ၊ Variation = ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ဤတျငး a , b , c , d တိ႔က

ု ို အခ္ဳိ့တူတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( propotionals )
အခ္ဳိ့ ( Ratio ) ဟုေခၚသညး။
အခ္ဳိ့ ( Ratio ) ဆိုတာဘာလဲ a ႏြငးံ b ကို အစျနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( extremes ) ႏြငးံ
အခ္ဳိ့ ဆိုတာ c ႏြငးံ d ကို အလယးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( means ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
( 1 ) ကိနး့ဂဏနး့နယးပယးတျငး ကိနး့တနးဖို့အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ႏႈိငး့ယြဥးေဖား်ပသညးံ
ပုဵစဵတစးမ္ဳိ့်ဖစးသညး။ extremes

( 2 ) လကးေတျ႕်ပငးပဘွတျငးမူ ( i ) အရာွတၳဳမ္ာ့ ( ii ) အမ္ဳိ့အစာ့မ္ာ့ extremes

( iii ) တနးဖို့မ္ာ့( iv ) အစိတးအပိုငး့မ္ာ့၏ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ပါွငးမႈပမာဏအခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ a c
=
ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးေဖား်ပ ခ္ကး တစးခု်ဖစးသညး။ b d
a:b=c:b
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
အခ္ဳိ့တစးခု၏ ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ means means
means means
a : b = antecedent ( ေရွ႕တန္ဖိုး ) : cosequence ( ေနာက္တန္ဖိုး ) --------------------------------------------------------------------
Property I . ( The Mean – Extreme Product Property )

𝑎 numerator a c If a : b = c : d , then ad = bc
a:b= = If = , then ad = bc
𝑏 denominator b d

a : b ကို a is to b ဟု ဖတးပါသညး။ --------------------------------------------------------------------

Property II . ( Ivertendo Property )
အခ်ဳိးအျဖစ္ေဖာ္ျပလိုေသာတန္ဖိုးမ်ားသည္ ယူနစ္ တူရမည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ( The Upside - Downable Property )
မတူပါက တူေအာင္ညွိေပးရမည္။
a c b d
အခ်ဳိးတစ္ခုတြင္ ယူနစ္အခ်င္းခ်င္း ေခ်လိုရသျဖင့္ အခ်ဳိးတြင္ ယူနစ္မတပ္ရပါ။ If = , then =
b d a c

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 1. → Exercise 6.1. No 1 Property III. ( Alternando Property )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( The Interchangeable Property )
အခ္ဳိ့အာ့ ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေ်ပာငး့လဲေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ a c a b c d
If = , then = or =
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအခ္ဳိ့အာ့ ဒႆမကိနး့ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့ b d c d a b
( 2 ) 100 ႏြငးံေ်မြာကး --------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့တပး Law of Identity ( ထပးတူညီ်ခငး့ နိယာမ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့သေကၤတသညး ၄ငး့ တစးဖကးတစးခ္ကးရြိတနးဖို့ႏြစးခု၏ တူညီေသာ
Example 2. → Exercise 6.1. No 2 အေ်ခအေနကိုရြိ်ခငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသ်ဖငးံ နဂိုအေ်ခအေနမြ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့
Example 3. → Exercise 6.1. No 3,4 တစးဘကးကို တနးဖို့တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ အေပါငး့၊အႏႈတး၊အေ်မြာကး၊အစာ့ သခ္ၤာ
Example 4. → Exercise 6.1. No 5,6,8, → Exercise 6.1. No 7,10,12 လုပးထုဵ့တစးခုခုလုပးလိုပါက အ်ခာ့တစးဖကးကိုလညး့ တူညီေသာတနးဖို့ တူ
Example 5. → Exercise 6.1. No 9,13 → Exercise 6.1. No 11 ညီေသာလုပးထုဵ့အာ့ တ်ပဳိငးတညး့ ်ပဳလုပးေပ့ရမညး။ ၄ငး့ကို ထပးတူညီ်ခငး့
-------------------------------------------------------------------- နိယာမ ဟုေခၚသညး။
အခ္ဳိ့တနးဖို့အာ့ ကိနး့တနးဖို့အ်ဖစး ေ်ပာငး့လဲေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ဥပမာ - ေမာငးေမာငးအသကး = 25 ႏြစး၊ မမအသကး = 25 ႏြစး
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအခ္ဳိ့ွငးကိနး့တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ မသိကိနး့တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ∴ ေမာငးေမာငးအသကး = မမအသကး
a 3
ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး။ ဥပမာ - If = , then a = 2x , b = 7x လကးရြိအခ္ိနးတျငး ေမာငးေမာငးအသကးႏြငးံမမအသကး မြာအတူတူပဲ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
b 7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ႏြစးစဥးအတူတူပဲ်ဖစးေနမညး။
Propotion ( အခ္ဳိ့တူေဖား်ပခ္ကး ( သို႔ ) အခ္ဳိ့တူ်ခငး့ ) ေမာငးေမာငးအသကး = x ႏြစး ႏြငးံ မမအသကး = y ႏြစး ထာ့ပါ။ ထိုအခါ
အခ္ဳိ့ ဿ ခုသညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အရြငး့ဆုဵ့ပုဵစဵတူေနပါက ၄ငး့တို႔သညး ေမာငးေမာငးအသကး = မမအသကး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ x = y ်ဖစးလာမညး။
တူညီေသာအခ္ဳိ့ပုဵစၤရြိသညးံအခ္ဳိ့မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾက်ပီ့ ၄ငး့အခ္ဳိ့ႏြစးခုကို ေနာကး ၅ ႏြစးၾကာ်ပီ့ေနာကး
ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ထို့ေဖား်ပထာ့ခ္ကးကို အခ္ဳိ့တူေဖား်ပခ္ကး ( Propotion ) ဟု x+5= y+5
ေခၚပါသညး။ အဆိုပါေဖား်ပခ္ကးတျငး ပါွငးေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို အခ္ဳိ့တူကိနး့မ္ာ့ အထကးပါပုဵစဵတျငး ေမာငးေမာငးအသကးႏြငးံမမအသကး မြာအတူတူပဲ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
( Propotionals ) ဟုေခၚသညး။ ေမာငးေမာငးအသကး = x ႏြစး အာ့ 5 ထညးံေပါငး့သညးံအခါ မမအသကး = y
7 1 32 1 7 32 ႏြစးအာ့လညး့ 5 ထညးံေပါငး့ေပ့ရမညး။ သိ႔မ
ု ြသာ ႏြစးဘကးညီသညးဆိုေသာ
ဥပမာ - = , = , then = is a propotion.
14 2 64 2 14 64 ဂုဏးသတၱိေလ့ ဆကးလကးတညး်မဲမညး်ဖစးသညး။

A propotion is the statement of the equality of two ratios. Law of Identity ( ထပးတူညီ်ခငး့ နိယာမ )
ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးတစးခ္ကးရြိ တူညီေသာ တနးဖို့ ဿ ခုကို တနးဖို့တူကိနး့တစးခု
အခ်ဳိးတူေဖာ္ျပခ်က္ဆိုသည္မွာ တူညီေသာအရွင္းဆုံးပုံစံရွိ အခ်ဳိး ဿ ခုကို အာ့ တူညီေသာသခ္ၤာလုပးထုဵ့လုပး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့ ဿခု တူညီၾက
ညီမ်ွျခင္းထိုး ေဖာ္ျပခ်က္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္သည္ သညး။
ဥပမာ If a = b , then a + 2 = b + 2

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
a–2=b–2 a3+ c3+ e3 : b3+ d3+ f3 = ace : bdf
2a = 2b --------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑎 𝑏
= a b c
2 2 Eg 5. If = = , prove that each ratio = 1
b:c;a c:a;b a:b;c
Property IV ႏြငးံ V သညး Law of Identity အေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵထာ့်ခငး့
provided a+b+c≠0.
်ဖစးသညး။ ဥပမာ
Solution
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎:𝑏 𝑐:𝑑
If = , then + 1 = + 1 → = a b c
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 = = ( given )
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎:2𝑏 𝑐:2𝑑 b:c;a c:a;b a:b;c
+2= +2→ =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 By Property VI ,
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎:3𝑏 𝑐:3𝑑
+3= +3→ = ……. a b c a:b:c
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 = = =
-------------------------------------------------------------------- b:c;a c:a;b a:b;c b:c;a:c:a;b:a:b;c
a:b:c
Property IV. ( Componendo Property ) = = 1 ( ∵ a+b+c≠0 )
a:b:c
( The Denominatar Addition Property ) Each ratio = 1

a c a:b c:d --------------------------------------------------------------------

If = , then = P4 → ေှကို ေျခေပါင္း
b d b d ay;bx cx;az bz;cy x y z
Eg 6. If = = , show that = = .
-------------------------------------------------------------------- c b a a b c
Solution
Property V. ( Dividendo Property )
ay;bx cx;az bz;cy
( The Denominatar Substraction Property ) Let = = = k , if a ≠ 0 , b ≠ 0 , c ≠ 0
c b a
∴ ay – bx = kc ← ( 1 )
a c a;b c;d
If = , then = P5 → ေှကို ေျခႏႈတ္ cx – az = kb ← ( 2 )
b d b d
-------------------------------------------------------------------- bz – cy = ka.← ( 3 )
Componendo and Dividendo Property Then acy – bcx = kc2 ← Eq ( 1 ) x c
a c a:b c:d a:b b
If = and = , then = bcx – abz = kb2 ← Eq ( 2 ) x b ,
b d b d c:d d
a c a;b c;d a;b b + abz – acy = ka2 ← Eq ( 3 ) x a
If = and = , then =
b d b d c;d d 0 = k ( a2 + b2 + c2 )
a:b a;b a:b c:d
∴ = and = But a2 + b2 + c 2 > 0 , k = 0
c:d c;d a;b c;d
x y
a c a:b c:d If k = 0 , ay – bx = kc = 0 , ay = bx , =
a b
If = , then =
b d a;b c;d x z
cx – az = kb = 0 , cx = az , =
a c
P6 → ေှေျခ ေပါင္း – ေှေျခ ႏႈတ္ x y z
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ∴ = = .
a b c
Property VI. ( The Equal Ratios Theorem )
ကိန္းတစ္ခု၏ ႏွစ္ထပ္ကိန္းသည္ အျမဲတမ္း 0 ထက္ၾကီးသျဖင့္
a c e a c e a:c:e:⋯ ကိန္းမ်ား၏ ႏွစ္ထပ္ကိန္းမ်ားေပါင္းလဒ္သည္ အျမဲတမ္း 0 ထက္ၾကီးသည္။
If = = = ……, then = = = …… =
b d f b d f b:d:f:⋯
--------------------------------------------------------------------
P6 → ေွ ေပါင္း ေျခေပါင္း Exercise 6.2
a b c
-------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. If = = , show that each of these ratio is equal to
b:c c:a a:b
Example 8. Solve for x in the proportion 15 : 2 = 35 : x . 1
or – 1 .
Solution 2
153 357 14 Solution
If = , then x = a b c a:b:c a:b:c 1
2 x 3 = = = = = ,
-------------------------------------------------------------------- b:c c:a a:b b:c:c:a:a:b 2( a:b:c ) 2
where a + b + c ≠ 0
Eg 4. If a : b = c : d = e : f , prove that
If a + b + c = 0
a3+ c3+ e3 : b3+ d3+ f3 = ace : bdf
a=–(b+c)
Solution a
=–1
a c e b:c
Let = = = k , then a = bk , c = dk , e = fk a b c
b d f ∴ = = = – 1 only when
b:c c:a a:b
a3 :c3 :e3 (bk)3 :(dk)3 :(fk)3 b3 k3 :d3 k3 :f3 k3 a = – ( b + c ) or b = – ( a + c ) or c = – ( a + b )
L.H.S = = =
b3 :d3 :f3 b3 :d3 :f3 b3 :d3 :f3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k3 ( b3 :d3 :f3 ) 16. If x : a = y : b = z : c , show that
= = k3
b3 :d3 :f3 x3 y3 z3 ( x:y:z )3
+ 2 + 2 =
ace ( bk )( dk )( fk ) k3 ( bdf ) a2 b c ( a:b:c )2
R.H.S = = = = k3 Solution
bdf bdf bdf
x y z
L.H.S = R.H.S let = = = k , then x = ak , y = bk , z = ck
a b c
x3 y3 z3 ( ak )3 ( bk )3 ( ck )3
a3 :c3 :e3 ace L.H.S = 2 + 2 + 2 = + +
= a b c a2 b2 c2
b3 :d3 :f3 bdf

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
a3 k3 b3 k3 c3 k3 5x2 :4y2 45:16 61 5x2 ;4y2 29
= 2 + 2 + 2 = ak3 + bk3 + ck3 = ( a + b + c ) k3 2 2 = = and =
a b c 5x ;4y 45;16 29 5x2 :4y2 16
( x:y:z )3 ( ak:bk:ck )3 ( a:b:c )3 k3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R.H.S = = =
( a:b:c )2 ( a:b:c )2 ( a:b:c )2 Mean Proportional ( အခ္ဳိ့ဆကး အလယးကိနး့ )
3
=( a + b + c ) k
အခ္ဳိ့ ဿခုညီရာတျငး ေရြ႕အခ္ဳိ့၏ေနာကးတနးဖို့သညး ေနာကးအခ္ဳိ့၏ေရြ႕တနးဖို့
L.H.S = R.H.S
်ဖစးေနပါက အဆိုပါ ကိနး့ေလ့ကို အခ္ဳိ့ ဿ ခုအာ့ အလယးတျငးေန၍ ဆကးစပး
x3 y3 z3 ( x:y:z )3
2 + 2 + 2 = ေပ့ေနသညးံ အခ္ဳိ့ဆကးအလယးကိနး့ ( Mean Proportional ) ေလ့ဟု
a b c ( a:b:c )2
ေခၚပါသညး။
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a b
l m n If = , then b = mean proportional
17. If = = , show that l + m + n = 0. b c
x;y y;z z;x
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution
l m n Eg 7. Fnd the mean proportional between 8 and 12.
If = = =k Solution
x;y y;z z;x
Then l = kx – ky , m = ky – kz , n = kz – kx Let m = the mean proportional between 8 and 12
l + m + n = kx – ky + ky – kz + kz – kx = 0 8 m
∴ = , m2 = 96 = 16 ( 6 ) , m = ± 4 √6
m 12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. If ( a + 3b + 2c + 6d )( a – 3b – 2c + 6d )
Exercise 6.2
= ( a – 3b + 2c – 6d )( a + 3b – 2c – 6d ) , prove that
8. Find the mean proportional between each pair of numbers given
a:b=c:d.
below. ( a ) 4 and 9 ( b ) 8 and 27
Solution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a+3b+2c+6d )( a–3b–2c+6d ) = ( a–3b+2c–6d )( a+3b–2c–6d )
10. Find the two mean proportional between 2 and 24.
a:3b:2c:6d a–3b:2c–6d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
a:3b–2c–6d a–3b–2c:6d a b
9. If = , prove that ab + bc is a mean proportional between
( a:3b ):( 2c:6d ) ( a;3b ):( 2c;6d ) b c
= a2+ b2 and b2 + c2 .
( a:3b );( 2c:6d ) ( a;3b );( 2c;6d )
Solution
a:3b a–3b
= a b
2c:6d 2c;6d Let = = k , then a = bk , b = ck
b c
a:3b 2c:6d c:3d ∴ a = bk = ( ck ) k = ck2
= =
a–3b 2c;6d c;3d ab + bc = ( ck2 )( ck ) +( ck )c = c2k3 + c2k = ( k2 + 1 )c2k
a c
= a2+ b2 = ( ck2 )2 +( ck )2 = c2k4 + c2k2 = ( k2 + 1 ) c2k2
3b 3d
a c b2 + c2= ( ck )2 + c2 = c2k2 + c2 = ( k2 + 1 ) c2
= a2 :b2 ( k2 :1 )c2 k2
b d = =k
∴ a:b=c:d. ab:bc ( k2 :1 )c2 k
2
ab:bc ( k :1 )c k 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = =k
b2 :c2 ( k2 :1 )c2
15. If ( 7x – 5y )( 7x + 5y ) = 11 : 31 , find the value of a2 :b2 ab:bc
= 2 2
( 5x2 – 4y2 )( 5x2 + 4y2 ) ab:bc b :c
∴ ab + bc is a mean proportional between a2+ b2 and b2 + c2 .
Solution
7x;5y 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
7x:5y 31
∴ 7x – 5y = 11a ← ( 1 ) 1
Eg 2. Two gallons of a solution of acid and water contain 1 quarts
7x + 5y = 31a ← ( 2 ) 2
ေရနဲ႔ အကးဆစးေရာထာ့ေသာေပ္ားရညး
Eq ( 1 ) + ( 2 ) , 14x = 42a
of acid. How many quarts of acid are there in 9 gallons of a solution
x = 3a in ( 1 )
of the same conentration ? 1 gallon = 4 quarts
y = 2a
အခ္ဳိ့တူ ( proportion ) ်ဖစးတာကိုေ်ပာတာ
5x2 ;4y2 5( 3a )2 ;4( 2a )2 45a2 ;16a2 29a2 29
= = = = Solution
5x2 :4y2 5( 3a )2 ;4( 2a )2 45a2 :16a2 61a2 61
the original amount of solution = 2 gallons = 8 quarts
( Componendo – Divedendo သုဵ့တျကးလညး့ရပါသညး။ ) 3
Original amount of acid quarts 3
2
7x;5y 11 = =
= Original amount of solution 8 quarts 16
7x:5y 31
Let the new amount of acid = x
7x:5y 31
= the new amount of acid = 9 gallons = 36 quarts
7x;5y 11
7x:5y:7x;5y 31:11 Original amount of acid New amount of acid
= =
7x:5y;7x:5y 31;11 Original amount of solution New amount of solution
14x 42 3 x
= =
10y 20
16 36
x 3 x2 9 3x9 27 3
= and 2 = x= = =6 quarts
y 2 y 4 4 4 4
5x2 45
= --------------------------------------------------------------------
4y2 16

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
Eg 3. The formula the surface aera S of a sphere of radius r is aera of 1𝑠𝑡 Δ 1
=
S = 4𝜋r2 . If the radius of one sphere is twice that of another , aera of 2𝑛𝑑 Δ 2
aera of 1𝑠𝑡 Δ 82 122 122
compare their surface areas. 𝑛𝑑 = 2 = 2 = 2
aera of 2 Δ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Solution 82 1 8 1
= , = , x = 8√2
S = 4𝜋r2 𝑥 2 2 x √2
12 2 1 12 1
Let Surface aera of 1st sphere = S , Surface aera of 2nd sphere = S’ = , = , y = 12√2
𝑦2 2 y √2
radius of 1st sphere = r , radius of 2nd sphere = 2r
∴ z = y = 12√2
S 4πr2 r2 1
Then ′ = 2 = 2 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S 4π(2r) 4r 4
S’ = 4S 4. The denominator of a fraction is 3 more than the numerator. If 5
ဘယးစကးလုဵ့က ၾကီ့ရမညးဟု တိတိက္က္ မေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ r : r’ = 1 : 2 is added to the numerator and 4 is substracted from the
အစာ့ r : r’ = 2 : 1 ယူလညး့ရသညး။ ထိုအခါ S’ = 4S’ ်ဖစးလာမညး။ denominator , the value of the new fraction is 2. Find the original
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fraction.
Exercise 6.2 Denominator = ပိုငး့ေ်ခ ၊ numerator = ပိုငး့ေွ ၊ fraction = အပိုငး့ကိနး့
1. Two rectangles have the same width but one is three times as Solution
long as the other. Find the ratio of their areas. Let the numerator = x , the denominator = x + 3
𝑥
Solution Original fraction =
𝑥:3
area of a rectangle = A = length x width. 𝑥:5 𝑥:5
New fraction = =
width of 1st rectangle = width of 2nd rectangle = x 𝑥:3;4 𝑥;1
𝑥:5
length of 1st rectangle = y , length of 2nd rectangle = 3y By given , =2
𝑥;1
aera of 1𝑠𝑡 rectangle 𝑥𝑦 1 x + 5 = 2x – 2
= =
aera of 2𝑛𝑑 rectangle 3𝑥𝑦 3 x=7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 7
∴ Original fraction = =
2. The lengths of the sides of two squares are in the same ratio of 7:3 10
3 : 2. What is the ratio of their areas? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution
length of 1st square : length of 2nd square = 3 : 2 5. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If 9 is added to each of them ,
Let length of 1 square = 3x , length of 2
st nd
square = 2x the are in the ratio 3 : 4.Find the numbers.
aera of 1𝑠𝑡 square 3𝑥 x 3𝑥 9𝑥 2 9 Solution
= = =
aera of 2𝑛𝑑 square 2𝑥 x 2𝑥 4𝑥 2 4 Let the two numbers be x and y.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 2
1 =
3. If the radius of one circle is as long as that of another , y 3
4 2
compare their areas. x= y
3
Solution x:9 3
By given , =
area of a circle = 𝜋r2 , where r = radius of a circle y:9 4
let radius of 1st circle = r , radius of 2nd circle = r’ 4x + 36 = 3y + 27
1 2
r= r’ 4( y ) + 9 = 3y
4 3
r’ = 4r 8 1
9 = 3y – y= y
aera of 1𝑠𝑡 circle 𝜋r2 𝑟2 1 3 3
= = = 2 2
aera of 2𝑛𝑑 circle 𝜋( 4r )2 16𝑟 2 16
y = 27 , x = y= ( 27 ) = 18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3
6.The sides of a triangles are 8 , 10 and 12 ft. If the longest side of The two numbers are 18 and 27.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the a similar triangles is 30 ft , find the other sides of the Δ .
Eg 8. Working alone , Mg Hla can complete a job in 3 hours. Mg Aye
Solution
can complete the same job in 2 hours. How long will take them
Let the shortest and longer sides of 2nd Δ =x,y
working together.
The two triangles are similar.
x y 30 5 Solution
∴ = = =
Work Amount = 1 ( အလုပးပမာဏ )
8 10 12 2
x 5 work Amount
If = , x = 20 Working rate par hour = ( တစးနာရီ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ )
84 21 Working time
x 5 1
If = , x = 25
Mg Hla’s working rate in one hour =
105 21
3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( ေမာငးလြ တစးနာရီအလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ )
7. The aeras of similar Δs are propotional to the square of 1
Mg Aye’s working rate in one hour =
corresponding sides. Find the lengths of the sides of a Δ similar to a 2
( ေမာငးေအ့ တစးနာရီ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ )
Δ with sides 8 , 12 and 12 ft long but twice the aera.
Let together working time = x
Solution
( ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးရနး ၾကာခ္ိနး )
Let the sides of 2nd Δ be a , b and c . 1
together working rate in one hour =
x

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
1 1 ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကး
together working rate of Mg Hla and Mg Aye = +
3 2 အုတးခဲ အလုဵ့ 120 ကို ကိုကိုက 3 နာရီနဲ႔ ်ပီေအာငးသယးႏိုငးတယး။ ညီညီက 3
1 1 1
∴ + = နာရီနဲ႔ ်ပီေအာငးသယးႏိုငးတယး။ ကိုကို နဲ႔ ညီညီ ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ အုတးခဲသယး
3 2 x
( ေမာငးလြ တစးနာရီအလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ + ေမာငးေအ့ တစးနာရီ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ ပါက နာရီမညးမ္ြၾကာမညးနညး့။
= ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ တစးနာရီအလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ ) Solution
5 1 အလုပ္ပမာဏ
= အလုပ္ျပီးေျမာက္ႏႈန္း =
6 x ၾကာခ်ိန္
6 1 1
x = =1 hours = 1 hours ( x 60 ) minutes ကိုကို အလုပးတစးခု်ပီ့ေ်မာကးရနး ( အုတးခဲ 120 သယးရနး ) ၾကာခ္ိနး = 3 နာရီ
5 5 5 120
=1 hours 12 minutes ကိုကို ှ နာရီ သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး = = 40
3
Together working times = 1 hours 12 minutes ( ကိုကို ှ နာရီ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
ညီညီ ှ နာရီ သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး = = 60
Exercise 6.2 2
11. Working together Ma Mya and Ma Hla can paint their room in 3 ( ညီညီ ှ နာရီ အလုပး်ပီ့ေ်မာကးႏႈနး့ )
hours. If it takes Ma Mya 5 hours to do the job alone, how long ကိုကို နဲ႔ ညီညီ ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ အလုပးတစးခု်ပီ့ေ်မာကးရနး ( အုတးခဲ 120
would it Ma Hla to paint the room working by herself. သယးရနး ) ၾကာခ္ိနး = x နာရီ
Solution ကိုကို နဲ႔ ညီညီ ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ ှ နာရီ သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး
Work Amount = 1 120
=
work Amount x
Working rate par hour = ကိုကို နဲ႔ ညီညီ ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့ ှ နာရီ သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး
Working time
together working time = 3 hours = ကိုကို ှ နာရီ သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး + ညီညီ ှ နာရီ
1 သယးႏိုငးေသာ အုတးခဲ အေရအတျကး =
together working rate in one hour =
3 120 120 120
Ma Mya’s working time = 5 hours = + = 40 + 60 = 100
x 3 2
1 5
Ma Mya’s working rate in one hour = x= နာရီ = 50 မိနစး
5 6
Let Ma Hla’s working time = x hours အထကးပါ ဥပမာေလ့ကို ေလံလာပါက အေပၚပုစာၦမ္ာ့၏ ယူဆပုဵကို သေဘာ
1 ေပါကးမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
Ma Hla’s working rate in one hour =
x
1 1 1 တစ္ေယာက္ခ်င္း တစ္နာရီ အလုပ္ျပီးေျမာက္မႈပမာဏ ဿ ခုေပါင္းက
By problem , + =
5 x 3 ႏွစ္ေယာက္ေပါင္း တစ္နာရီ အလုပ္ျပီးေျမာက္မႈပမာဏကို ရမည္။
1 1 1 5;3 2
= – = = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x 3 5 15 15
15 1 Variation ( ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ / အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့်ခငး့ )
x= hours = 7 hours = 7 hours 30 minutes
2 2 Constant ( ကိနး့ေသ )
Ma Hla’s working times = 7 hours 30 minutes
ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုတျငးပါွငးေသာ တနးဖို့မေ်ပာငးလဲပဲ အေသ်ဖစးေနသညးံ ကိနး့
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တနးဖို့ ( သိ႔ု ) သိကိနး့
12. A takes twice as long as B to complete the certain job. Working
together, they can complete the job in 6 hours. How long will it take Variable ( ကိနး့ရြငး ( သို႔ ) ေ်ပာငး့လဲႏိုငးေသာတနးဖို့ )
A to complete the job by herself. ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုတျငးပါွငးေသာ တနးဖို့ေ်ပာငးလဲႏိုငးသညးံ အရြငး်ဖစးေနသညးံ
Solution ကိနး့တနးဖို့ ( သိ႔ု ) မသိကိနး့
Work Amount = 1
A Formula ( ေဖား်မဴလာ )
work Amount
Working rate par hour = ေဖား်မဴလာ ဆိုတာ မသိကိနး့ ( variable ) တစးခုႏြငးံ တစးခုၾကာ့ မညးသညးံ
Working time
Let B’s working time = x hours ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ဆကးသျယးထာ့သလဲဆိုတာ ေဖားထုတးအခ္ကး်ပေပ့
1 သညးံ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခု။
B’s working rate in one hour =
x Dependent Variable ( အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ကိနး့ရြငး / မြီကိနး့ရြငး )
A’s working time = 2 x B’s working time = 2x hours
ေဖား်မဴလာတစးခုတျငး ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးရြိ တစးလုဵ့တညး့ရြိေနေသာ မသိကိနး့
1
A’s working rate in one hour = ( variable )
2x
together working time = 6 hours
Independent Variable ( အမြီခက
ဵ ိနး့ရြငး / လျတးကိနး့ရြငး )
1
together working rate in one hour = ေဖား်မဴလာတစးခုတျငး ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးရြိ တစးလုဵ့တညး့မဟုတးေသာမသိကိနး့
6
1 1 1 ( variable )
By problem , + =
x 2x 6 Variation ( ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ )
2:1 1
= တနးဖို့ တစးခုသညး အ်ခာ့တနးဖို့တစးခုအေပၚလိုကး်ပီ့ ေ်ပာငးလဲေနသညးံအခါ
2x 6
3 1 အဆိုပါေ်ပာငး့လဲမႈကို Variation ဟုေခၚသညး။
=
x 3
x = 9 hours
Variation ( ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ) ပုဵစဵ ဿ မ္ဳိ့
A’s working times = 2x = 2 x 9 = 18 hours
( 1 ) တိုကးရိုကးေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ( Direct Variation )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တနးဖို့တစးခုေလ္ာံသျာ့သညးံအခါ အ်ခာ့တနးဖို့တစးခုလိုကးေလ္ာံသျာ့သညးံ

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ဳိ့ကို တိုကးရိုကးေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ( Direct Variation )
ဟုေခၚသညး။
𝑦2 𝑥2
( i ) Direct Variation ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ ေဖား်ပခ္ကးမြာ If y 𝛂 x , then =
𝑦1 𝑥1
Dependent Variable α Independent Variable * Ratio Method တျငး x အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ႏြငးံ y အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ တစးတျစ
ဲ ီတျသ
ဲ ညး။

( အဆိုပါ အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အာ့ အဘယးံေၾကာငးံ Rate Method ႏြငးံ Ratio Method
ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ဟုေခၚသနညး့ကို စာမ္ကးႏြာမ္ာ့သျာ့မညးစို့သ်ဖငးံ မရြငး့်ပေတာံပါ။ Self –
ဥပမာ - စကးွိုငး့တစးခုသညး အခ္ငး့ွကးတို့လာပါက ပတးလညးအနာ့ၾကီ့လာ Consideration သာလုပးၾကညးံပါ။ )
သညး။ ပတးလညးအနာ့သညး အခ္ငး့ွကးတို့်ခငး့ေလ္ာံ်ခငး့ေပၚမြီေနသ်ဖငးံ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dependent Variable ၊ အခ္ငး့ွကးသညး တို့လိုရာတနးဖို့ကို မညးသညးံ Eg 1. In a french test , the possible mark is 65 . Convert a mark of
တနးဖို့အေပၚတျငးမြမမြီပဲ တို့ႏုိငးသ်ဖငးံ Independent Variable ။ 39 out of 65 to a percentage mark
အခ္ငး့ွကး ( radius ) ကို သေကၤတ r , ပတးလညးအနာ့ ( circumference ) ေပ့မြတး 65 မြတး ေပ့ေသာ ်ပငးသစးစာေမ့ပျတ
ဲ စးခုတျငး ရမြတး 39 ရသညး
ကို C သေကၤတေလ့်ဖငးံ ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳပါက ၄ငး့တို႔အၾကာ့တိုကးရိုကးေ်ပာငး့လဲ ဆိုပါက ၄ငး့ရမြတးအာ့ ရာႏႈနး့်ပရမြတး ( percentage mark ) အ်ဖစးေဖား်ပပါ။
်ခငး့ကို C 𝛂� r ( percentage mark ဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေပ့မြတး 65 မြတးကို ရမြတး 100 အ်ဖစး
ေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့ယူဆမညး။ 65 သညး 100 အ်ဖစးေ်ပာငး့သျာ့ေသာအခါ 39 သညး
ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵေလ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။ မညးသညးံတနးဖို့ေ်ပာငး့သျာ့သနညး့ ကိုေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။ )

( ii ) Direct Variation ကို ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပလိုပါက α ေနရာတျငး ညီမ္ြ Solution

်ခငး့ ်ဖငးံအစာထို့ Independent Variable ဘကး်ခမး့တျငး အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ Old mark New mark
ကိနး့ေသတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး။ Possible Mark ( y ) 65 100

C = 2𝝅r , where 2𝝅 = propotionality constant Result ( x ) 39 ?

Let required percentage mark = m
ဤတျငး 2𝜋 ဆိုေသာတနးဖို့ေလသညး C ႏြငးံ r တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အလိုကးသငးံ
65 100 39 x 20
ေ်ပာငး့လဲေန်ခငး့ကို ခ္ိနးညြိေပ့သညးံ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ကိနး့ေသေလ့ ်ဖစးသညး။ ( 1 ) By rate method , = and m = = 60
𝐶 39 m 13
ထိုမြ = 2𝜋 ်ဖစးလာ်ပီ့ 2𝜋 မြာကိနး့ေသတစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
r 100 m 39 x 20
𝑪 ( 2 ) By ratio method , = and m = = 60
ကိနး့ႏြစးခုစာ့လဒး ( ဥပမာ ) သညး သုညမဟုတးသညးံ ကိနး့ေသတနးဖို့ 65 39 13
𝐫
ကေလ့အာ့ ၾကိဳကးရာနညး့်ဖငးံ ရြငး့်ပပါ။ သိ႕ု မဟုတး
တစးခုခု်ဖစးေနပါက ထိုကိနး့ ဿ ခု တိုကးရိုကးေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ သဘာွရြိသညး
ဟုေ်ပာသညး။ ရမွတ္ x 100
ေပးထားေသာအမွတ္၏ percentage mark =
( iii ) C ႏြငးံ r သညး တစးခုတို့ပါက အ်ခာ့တစးခုလိုကးတို့သ်ဖငးံ တိုကးရိုကး ေပးမွတ္
အခ္ဳိ့က္်ခငး့ ( Direct Proportion ) ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( iv ) C α r ကို C varies ( directly ) as r ဟုဖတးသညး။ Eg 2. The cost of a petrol for a car journey varies directly as the
number of kilometers. If petrol for a journey of 380 km costs 32.96
C 𝛂� r ⇋ C = 2𝝅r kyats, estimate the cost of petrol for 640 km.
Cost = ကုနးက္ေငျ၊ petrol = ဓာတးဆ၊ီ

(v) C 𝛂 r ကို C varies directly as r ဟုသုဵ့သလို cost of a petrol = ဓာတးဆိုဖို့ကုနးက္ေငျ၊

C = 2𝝅r ကို C is directly proportional to r ဟု သုဵ့ပါသညး။ journey = ခရီ့၊ estimate = ခနး႔မြနး့ပါ။

Solution

Direct Variation ကို ေဖား်ပနညး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့ Distance - y ( km ) Cost - x ( Kyats )

Variation form → C 𝛂 r Old 380 32.96
Equation form → C = 2𝝅r New 640 c
Let the new cost = c
Direct Variation ကို Equation ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပနညး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့ 640 c
ေပထာ့ေသာ Variation onf y 𝛂 x ်ဖစးပါက ၄ငး့ကို Equation ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ = and c = 55.51 kyats
380 32.96
ေဖား်ပနညး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့မြာ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 1 ) The rate method ( ေ်ပာငး့လဲႏႈနး့ေပၚ အေ်ခခဵေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ) Eg 4. The distance of visible horizon varies as the square root of the
x ႏြငးံ y တနးဖို့တစးတခ
ျဲ ္ငး့စီ ႏႈိငး့ယြဥးေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ( သိ႔ု ) height of the observation point above sea level. At a height of 4
meters it is known as that the distance is 5.2 kilometers. Find the
𝑦
အတြအ
ဲ မ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးအား ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္ေဖာ္ျပျခင္း distance at a height. လြမး့ေတျ႔ရေသာ သကးတနးတစးခုႏြငးံ ေတျ႕သူအၾကာ့
x
အကျာအေွ့သညး အဆိုပါ သကးတဵ၏ ( ပငးလယးေရမ္ကးႏြာ်ပငးမြ ) အ်မငးံ
𝑦 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 ( အၾကမး့ဖ္ငး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ေ်မ်ပငးထကးအ်မငးံ ) ကို Square root ရြာယူ်ခငး့်ဖငးံ
If y 𝛂 x , then = = = = …. = k
x 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 ရရြိသညး။ သကးတနး အ်မငးံ ၄ မီတာရြိသညးံအခါ လူႏြငးံ သကးတနးၾကာ့ 5.2
* Rate Method တျငး x ႏြငးံ y တစးတျစ
ဲ ီတျသ
ဲ ညး။ ကီလိုမီတာ ကျာေွ့ပါက သကးတနးအ်မငးံ ၉ မီတာ ရြိသညးံအခါ လူႏြငးံ
သကးတနးၾကာ့အကျာအေွ့ကို ရြာပါ။
( 2 ) The ratio method ( အခ္ဳိ့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ေပၚ အေ်ခခဵေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ) Solution
x တနးဖို့အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အာ့ y တနးဖို့အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ႏႈိငး့ယြဥးေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ( သို႔ ) Let the distance = d km and height = h m.
d varies directly as √𝒉 , d 𝛂 √𝒉 ∴ d = k√𝒉
𝑦2 𝑥2
အတြဲ ႏွင့္ အတြဲ ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္ေဖာ္ျပျခင္း
𝑦1 𝑥1
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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မူလတနးဖို့ ဿ ခုကိုသုဵ့၍ k ရြာ်ပီ့ k တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ h k
5.4 = , k = 194.4
တနးဖို့အသစးမြ d တနးဖို့အသစးအာ့ ရြာယူ်ခငး့ 62
If d = 5.2 km , dh = 4 m 194.4
P=
5.2 = k√4 , k = 2.6 x2
194.4 194.4
∴ d = 2.6 √𝒉 when x = 9 , P = = = 2.4
92 81
When h = 9 , d = 2.6 √9 = 7.8 km -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 6.3
( 2 ) Ratio method ကိုသုဵ့်ပီ့ ရြာယူ်ခငး့ 1. Assuming that y varies as x , complete this table
d1 = k √𝒉𝟏 , d2 = k √𝒉𝟐 x 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
𝑑2 √ℎ2 y 40 62.5 74
=
𝑑1 √ℎ1 𝑦 𝑦
𝑑2 √9 = k , y = kx , x = အရ 40 ကို 16 နဲ႕စာ့ k ရ
= x k
5.2 √4 ( i ) x တနးဖို့တစးခုခ္ငး့ဆီကို k နဲ႔ ေ်မြာကး y တနးဖို့ရ
d2 = 7.8 ( ii ) y တနးဖို့တစးခုခ္ငး့ဆီကို k နဲ႔ စာ့ x တနးဖို့ရ
The distance is 7.8 km.
Assuming = ယူဆလြ္ကး၊ y varies as x = y varies directly as x
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 1 ) ေ်ပာငး့ေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ( Inverse Variation )
3. The tension T newtons in a spring varies directly as the extension
တနးဖို့တစးခုေလ္ာံသျာ့သညးံအခါ အ်ခာ့တနးဖို့တစးခုတို့လာသညးံ ဆကးသျယး
x millimetres. Use this information to complete the following table.
ခ္ကးမ္ဳိ့ကို ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ ( Inverse Variation ) ဟုေခၚသညး။
tension = တငး့အာ့၊ဆျဆ
ဲ နး႔အာ့ / extension = ဆနး႔ထျကးေသာအလ္ာ့
( i ) Inverse Variation ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ ေဖား်ပခ္ကးမြာ spring = စပလိမး
Let Tension = T newtons
x 0.2 0.4 0.5
1 Extension = x millimetres
Dependent Variable α T 50 100 175
𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 ထာ့်ပီ့ 1 အတိုငး့တျကး
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵ်ဖစးပါသညး။
2. Convert the following marks , out of a possible 80 , to percentage
ဥပမာ - Inverse Variation ကို
marks.
𝟏 Mark out of 80 27 43 44 50 52 54 57 63 76
yα ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵေလ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။
𝐱 Percentage mark

Let Percentage mark = y = 100 , Possible marks = x = 80

( ii ) Inverse Variation ကို ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပလိုပါက α ေနရာတျငး ညီမ္ြ 𝑦 𝑦
်ခငး့ ်ဖငးံအစာထို့ Independent Variable ဘကး်ခမး့တျငး အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ = k , y = kx , x = အရ 100 ကို 80 နဲ႕စာ့ k ရ
x k
ကိနး့ေသတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး။ အေပၚတနးဖို့( x ) တစးခုခ္ငး့စီကို k နဲ႔ေ်မြာကး ေအာကးတနးဖို့ရ
𝐤 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
y= , where k = propotionality constant 4. Express each of the following as an algebric equation , denoting
𝐱
the constant of variation in each case by k.
ထိုမြ xy = k ်ဖစးလာ်ပီ့ k မြာကိနး့ေသတစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ (a)p α q2 ( b ) r α √A ( c ) W α d3 ( d ) D α tan x
ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ေ်မြာကးလဒး ( ဥပမာ xy ) သညး ကိနး့ေသတနးဖို့ Algebric equation = သခ္ၤာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ပုဵစဵ၊ denoting = မြတးယူလ္ြကး
တစးခုခု်ဖစးေနပါက ထိုကိနး့ ဿ ခု ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးေ်ပာငး့လဲ်ခငး့ သဘာွရြိသညး Solution
ဟုေ်ပာသညး။ ( a ) p = kq2 , where k = constant ( b ) p =
( iii ) C ႏြငးံ r သညး တစးခုတို့ပါက အ်ခာ့တစးခုေလ္ာံသျာ့သ်ဖငးံ (c)p= (d)p=
ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးအခ္ဳိ့က္်ခငး့ ( Inverse Proportion ) ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 13. Express each of the following as an algebric equation.
( iv ) y α ကို y varies ( inversely ) as x ဟုဖတးသညး။ 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝐱 (a)p α (b)pα (c)pα
𝐤 𝐯 √x 𝑥3
(v) y= ကို y is inversely proportional to x ဟု သုဵ့ပါသညး။ Solution
𝐱
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 𝐤
(a)p= , where k = constant ( b ) p =
Eg 7. Two electrical charges attract one another with af force , P 𝐯
units , which varies inversely as the square of the distance , x units , (c)p=
between them. P = 5.4 when x = 6 , find P when x = 9. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 5. y 𝛂 x . Given that y = 3.8 when x = 2.2 , calculate
1 ( a ) y when x = 4.4 ( b ) x when y = 10.7
P α Solution
x2
k y 𝛂 x , ∴ y = kx
P=
x2 When y = 3.8 and x = 2.2 , =k( ),k=
When P = 5.4 , x = 6 ( a ) If x = 4.5 , y = ( ) 729 =

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
𝑦 5 1 k
( b ) If y = 10.7 , x = = = y 𝛂 ∴ y= and k = xy
k x x
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When y = 6 and x = 14 , k = xy = 6 x 14 = 84
84
y=
6. y varies as the cube root of x and y = 1 when x = 4 . Find x
84
( a ) y when x = 729 ( b ) x when y = 5 if x = 28 , y = =3
28
Solution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑦
y 𝛂 3√𝑥 , ∴ y = k 3√𝑥 and k = 3 12. The pressure P in pascals ( newton par square metre ) of a
√𝑥
1 given mass of gas at constsnt temperature varies inversely as the
When y = 1 and x = 4 , k = 3
√4 volume V m3 ; when P = 600 , V = 2. Find :
3
3 1 3 √𝑥 3 ( a ) P when V = 3 ( b ) V when P = 800
∴ y = k √𝑥 = ( 3 ) √𝑥 = 3 and x = √4 y
√4 √4 အပူခ္ိနးအာ့ အေသထာ့သညးအခါ ဓာတးေငျ႕တစးခု၏ ဖိအာ့သညး ၄ငး့၏ ထု
3
√729 9 ထညးႏြငးံ ေ်ပာငး်ပနးအခ္ဳိ့က္သညး။ P = 600 ်ဖစးပါက V = 2 ်ဖစးလ္ြငး
( a ) If x = 729 , y = 3 =3
√4 √4 အခ္ဳိ့က္ကိနး့ေသ k ကို ရြာပါ။( a ) V = 3 တနးဖို့ကိုရြာပါ။
3 3
( b ) If y = 5 , x = √4 y = 5 √4 ( b ) P = 800 ်ဖစးသညးံအခါ V တနးဖို့ကိုရြာပါ။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Solution
7. y varies as the square of x and y = 6561 when x = 243 . Find 𝟏 k k
y when x = 729. P 𝛂 ∴ P= ,V= and k = PV
V V P
Solution When P = 600 and V = 2 , k = PV = 600 x 2 = 1200
𝑦 1200 1200
y 𝛂 x2 , ∴ y = kx2 and k = ∴ P= ,V=
𝑥2 V P
38 38 𝟏 1200
When y = 6561 = 38 and x = 243 = 35 , k = = = 2 ( a ) if V = 3 , P = = 400
( 35 )2 310 3 3
𝟏 𝟏 1200
If x = 729 , y = ( 729 ) = 2 ( 36 ) = 34 = 81 ( b ) If P = 800 , V = = 1.5
32 3 800
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. If y varies as ( x + 1 )3 ,and y =3 when x = 5 Find y when x = 8. 14. y varies inversely as x2 and y = 9 when x = 2. Find
Solution ( a ) y when x = 10 ( b ) x when y = 4
y Solution
y 𝛂(x+1 )3 , ∴ y = k( x + 1 )3 and k =
( 𝑥:1 )3
𝟏 k k k
3 3 1 y 𝛂 ∴ y= , x2 = , x = ±√ 2
when y = 3 , x = 5 , k = = = 𝑥2 𝑥2 y y and k = x y
( 5:1 )3 216 72
𝟏 When y = 9 and x = 2 , k = 22( 9 ) = 36
∴ y= ( x + 1 )3
72 36 36
𝟏 𝟏 92 81 ∴ y= , x = ±√
y
If x = 8 , y = (8+1 )3 = (9 )3 == = 𝑥2
72 9x8 𝟖 8 36 36
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ( a ) if x = 10 , y = 2 = = 0.36
10 100
9. If x 𝛂 y2 , and x = a2 when y = 2a , show that y2 = 4x. 36
( b ) If y = 4, x = ±√ = ±√9 = ± 3
Solution 4
𝒙 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x 𝛂 y2 , ∴ x = ky2 and k = 𝟏
𝑦2 15. y 𝛂 and y = 5 when x = 9. Find y when x = 25.
𝑎2 𝑎2 1 √x
when y = 2a and x = a2, k = = = Solution
( 2𝑎 )2 4𝑎2 4
1 𝟏 k
x = ky2 = ( ) y2 y 𝛂 ∴ y= and k = √x y
4 √x √x
y2 = 4x. When y = 5 and x = 9 , k = √9 ( 5 ) = ( ± 3 )5 = ± 15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ± 15
∴ y=
10. y varies inversely as x and , y = 3 when x = 4. Find an equation √x
± 15 ± 15
connecting y and x. Hence find y when x = 6 if x = 25 , y = = =3
√25 ±5
Solution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 k
y 𝛂 ∴ y= and k = xy 16. Given that y varies inversely as the square of x and y = 48
x x
When y = 3 and x = 4 , k = xy = 3 x 4 = 12 when x = 3 , calculate y when x = 4.
12 Solution
y= 𝟏 k
x y 𝛂 ∴ y= and k = x2y
12 𝑥2 𝑥2
if x = 6 , y = =2
6 When y = 48 and x = 3 , k = 32( 48 ) = 432
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 432
𝟏 ∴ y=
𝑥2
11. Given that y 𝛂 and y = 6 when x = 14 , obtain an equation 432 432
x if x = 4 , y = = = 27
in y and x. Find y when x = 28 . 2
4 16
Solution -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6
17. y is inversely proportional to √x . If y = 5 when x = 16 , find 𝑥
( a ) x = kyz and k =
( a ) y when x = 100 ( b ) x when y = 60. yz
24 24
Solution When x = 24 , y = 3 , z = 2 , k = = =4
3( 2 ) 6
𝟏 k k k
y 𝛂 ∴ y= , √x = ,x=( )2 and k = √x y ∴ x = 4yz
√x √x y y ( b ) if y = 5 , z = 4 , x = 4 ( 5 )( 4 ) = 80
When y = 5 and x = 16 , k = √16 ( 5 ) = ( ± 4 )5 = ± 20
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
± 20 ± 20 400
∴ y= ,x=( )2 = 3. y varies as x and z and y = 12 when x = 2 and z = 3.
√x y 𝑦2
± 20 ± 20 ( a ) Obtain an equation connecting x , y and z
( a ) if x = 100 , y = = =2 ( b ) Find y when x = 4 and z = 5.
√100 ± 10
400 400 1 ( b ) Find x when y = 18 and z = 9.
( b ) If y = 60 , x = = =
602 3600 9 Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 𝑦
( a ) y = kxz and k =
𝟏 xz
18. y 𝛂 and y = 10 when x = 2. Find y when x = 10. 12 12
𝑥3 When y = 12 , x = 2 , z = 3 , k = = =2
Solution 2( 3 ) 6
𝑦
𝟏 k ∴ y = 2xz , x =
y 𝛂 ∴ y= and k = x3y 2z
𝑥3 𝑥3 ( b ) if x = 4 , z = 5 , y = 2 ( 4 )( 5 ) = 40
When y = 10 and x = 2 , k = 23( 10 ) = 80 18
80 ( c ) if y = 18 , z = 9 , x = =1
∴ y= 2( 9 )
𝑥3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
80 80
if x = 10 , y = = = 0.08 4. p 𝛂 qr and p = 18 when q = 4 and r = 9. Find p when q = 6 and
103 1000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r = 2.5.
Solution
Variation involving several variables
𝑝
ႏြစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့ပါွငးသညးံ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့်ခငး့မ္ာ့ P = kqr and k =
qr
Joint Variation 18 18 1
When p = 18 , q = 4 , r = 9 , k = = =
အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့်ခငး့ ( Variation ) တစးခုတျငး မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့ ႏြစးလုဵ့ထကးပို 4( 9 ) 36 2
qr
ပါွငးလာပါက ထိုကဲံသ႔ေ
ို သာ Variation မ္ဳိ့ကို Joint Variation ဟု ေခၚပါ ∴ p=
2
သညး။ 6( 2.5 )
if q = 6 , r = 2.5 , p = = 7.5
ဥပမာ - p 𝛂 x and p 𝛂 y , then p 𝛂 xy and p = kxy 2
Then P varies jointly as x and y. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. F varies as y and inversely as z, and F = 8 when y = 4 and z = 3.

Definition ( a ) Find a formula for F. ( b ) Calculate F when y = 5 and z = 2.

အကယး၍ P သညး x ႏြငးံ y ေ်မြာကးလဒး xy ႏြငးံ အခ္ဳိ့က္ေ်ပာငး့လဲေနပါက P Solution

ky Fz
သညး x ႏြငးံ y ဿခုလုဵ့ကို varies jointly ( တျဆ
ဲ ကး အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့်ခငး့ ) (a)F= and k =
𝑧 y
်ဖစးေပၚသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။
8( 3 ) 24
When F = 8 , y = 4 , z = 3 , k = = =6
If p 𝛂 x and p 𝛂 y , then p 𝛂 xy and p = kxy 4 4
6y
𝟏 x kx ∴ y=
If p 𝛂 x and p 𝛂 , then p 𝛂 and p = 𝑧
y y y 6( 5 )
( b ) if y = 5 , z = 2 , F = = 15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Eg . y varies as x2 and inversely as z. y = 12 when x = 6 and z = 9. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find y when x = 9 and z = 12. 6. Eg ပုစာၦနဲ႔ အတူတူပဲ။
Solution -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 7. T varies directly as x and inversely as the square root of y. T = 12
y= and k = 2 when x = 6 and y = 4. Find T when x = 15 and y = 9.
𝑧 𝑥
12( 9 ) 108 Solution
When y = 12 , x = 6 , z = 9 , k = = =3
62 36 kx T√𝑦
3𝑥 2 T= and k =
∴ y= √𝑦 x
𝑧
12√4 ±24
3( 9 )2 3 x 81 243 When T = 12 , x = 6 , y = 4 , k = = =±4
if x = 9 , z = 12 , y = = = = 20.25 6 6
12 12 12 ±4x
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ∴ T=
√𝑦
Ex 6.4 ±4( 15 ) ±60
1. Try yourself. if x = 15 , y = 9 , T = = = 20
√9 ±3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. x varies jointly as y and z. x = 24 when y = 3 and z = 2. 8. y varies directly as x and z and inversely as the square of t.
( a ) Find an equation connecting x , y and z y = 100 when x = 25 , z = 2 and t = 1. Find
( b ) Find x when y = 5 and z = 4. ( a ) y when x = 12 , z = 5 and t = 4.
Solution ( b ) x when y = 36 , z = 3 and t = 2.

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Grade 10 . Mathematic – Chapter 6

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