PRACTI

CALRESEARCHI
I

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"
ACor
rel
ati
onal
Study
:AgeandCov
id-
19cases"
Ber
ylJadeJ.Ll
anos
JasaanSeni
orHi
ghSchool
,Jasaan,
Misami
sOr
ient
al
ber
ylj
adel
l
anos@gmai
l
.com
09532888677
Facebook:
Ber
ylJadeLl
anos

ABSTRACT

I
nthi
sresear
chwear
eabl
etof
indoutt
her
elat
ionshi
pandt
hest
rengt
hoft
het
wov
ari
abl
est
he
per
sonsageandt
heCov
id-
19cases.
Tocal
cul
ateIuset
heCor
rel
ati
onal
Coef
fi
ent(
per
son
Cor
rel
ati
onal
coef
fi
cient
)tool
tomeasur
ether
ecor
rel
ati
onandt
hedi
rect
ionofl
i
near
r
elat
ionshi
p.Ther
esul
tshowedt
hatt
heageofaper
sonhasast
rongposi
ti
vecor
rel
ati
ont
othe
Cov
id-
19caseswhi
chi
sr=0.
99.
Cor
onav
irus2019(
COVI
D-19)i
saser
iousandhumanki
l
lert
hat
cannotbeseenbynakedey
esofanor
dinar
yper
son.
AgedandChi
l
drensar
ethemost
v
ulner
abl
eandathi
gherr
iskt
ohav
ethev
irusanddeat
h.

I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Cor
onav
irusdi
seasei
sacausedbyt
hesev
ereacut
erespi
rat
orysy
ndr
omecor
onav
irus
2.
Itwasf
ir
sti
dent
if
iedi
nDecember2019andi
sanov
elv
irusunder
standi
ngi
sev
olv
ing.
The
Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion(
WHO)decl
aredt
hecor
onav
irusapubl
i
cheal
themer
gencyof
i
nter
nat
ionalconcer
non30Januar
y2020.
InFebr
uar
y2020,
i
tnamedt
hedi
seasecausedby
v
irus"
Cov
id-
19"
.On11Mar
ch2020,
Cov
id-
19wasdecl
aredaPandemi
cbyt
heWHO.

COVI
D-19pr
esentpar
ti
cul
arr
iskst
ool
der
,whoar
evul
ner
abl
etor
espi
rat
orydi
seases.
In
May2020,
theUni
tedNat
ionr
epor
tedont
he"
dev
ast
ati
ngt
oll
"thatt
hespr
eadofCov
id-
19i
ncar
e
homeswashav
ingonol
derpeopl
e'
sli
ves.
Amongadul
ts,
ther
isksf
orsev
erei
l
lnessf
rom Cov
id-
19i
ncr
easeswi
thage,wi
thol
deradul
tsathi
ghestr
isk.
Sev
erei
l
lnessmeanst
hatt
heper
son
wi
thCov
id-
19mayr
equi
rehospi
tal
i
zat
ion,i
ntensi
vecar
e,orav
ent
il
atort
ohel
pthem br
eat
h,or
t
heymayev
endi
e.Regar
dingol
derpeopl
eandal
sot
hosewi
thunder
lyi
ngheal
thcondi
ti
ons.
Thi
s
can beex
tremel
yfr
ight
eni
ng and v
eryf
eari
nduci
ng.
ThePsy
chol
ogi
cali
mpact
sfort
hese
popul
ati
oncani
ncl
udeanxi
etyandf
eel
i
ngst
ressedorangr
y.I
tsi
mpact
scanbepar
ti
cul
arl
y
di
ff
icul
tforol
derpeopl
ewhomayex
per
ienci
ngl
onel
i
nesswhi
chcanwor
senedment
alheal
th.
Keepi
ng each ot
hersaf
e and connect
ed i
s ev
ery
one'
sresponsi
bil
i
ty,mai
ntai
ning soci
al
connect
ioni
simpor
tant
.Someol
derpeopl
emaybef
ami
l
iarwi
thdi
git
almet
hodsandot
her
s
mayneedgui
dancei
nhowt
ouset
hem.

REVI
EW OFRELATEDLI
TERATURE

Ev
ery
bodyi
satr
iskofcot
act
ingCov
id-
19soy
ouneedt
opr
otecty
our
sel
fand
ot
her
s.Accor
dingt
othest
udyofWor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion(
WHO)t
hev
irust
hatcausesCov
id-
19i
nfect
speopl
eofal
lages.Howev
erev
idencet
odat
esugggestt
hatt
wogr
oupsof(
thati
s
peopl
eov
er60y
ear
sol
d),
andt
hosewi
thunder
lyi
ngmedi
cal
condi
ti
ons(
suchasCar
diov
ascul
ar
Di
sease,
Diabet
es,
Chr
oni
cRespi
rat
oryDi
seaseandCancer
).
Ther
iskofsev
eredi
sease
gr
adual
l
yincr
easewi
thagest
art
ingf
rom ar
ound40y
ear
s.I
t'
simpor
tantt
hatadul
tsi
nthi
sage
r
angepr
otectt
hemesel
vesandi
ntur
npr
otectot
her
sthatmay
bemor
evul
ner
abl
e.

Accor
dingt
othest
udyoft
heUni
ver
sit
yofLui
sven,
itf
indoutt
hatol
derpat
ient
s
wi
thunder
lyi
ngdi
seasesappeaart
obeatt
hehi
gherr
iskofmor
tal
i
tyf
rom Cov
id-
19.
Comor
bidi
ti
esar
esi
gni
fi
cantpr
edi
ctor
sofmor
tal
i
tyi
nCov
id-
19pat
ient
sTher
eisanur
gent
needt
oknowt
heepi
demi
ologyoft
hennov
elv
irusandchar
act
eri
zedi
tspot
ent
ial
impact
.

Accor
dingt
othest
udyofNi
chol
asD.
,
Pet
raK.
,
Rossal
i
ndE.
,
est
imat
ingt
he
suscept
ibi
l
yofi
nfect
ionsi
nindi
vi
dual
sunder20y
ear
s,andt
hatcl
i
nical
sympt
omsmani
fi
sti
n
21%(
95%cr
idi
blei
nter
val
:
12-
3%ofi
nfect
ionsi
n10t
o19y
ear
sol
d,r
isi
ngt
o69%(
57-
82%)of
i
nfect
ionsofpeopl
eagedov
er70y
ear
sol
d.Accor
dingl
y,
int
erv
ent
ionsai
medatchi
l
drenmi
ght
hav
ear
elat
ivel
ysmal
li
mpacti
nreduci
ngSARS-
COV2t
ransmi
ssi
on,
par
ti
cul
arl
yift
he
t
ransmi
ssi
onofsubcl
i
nical
inf
ect
ioni
slow.

METHODOLOGY
 TheuseofPer
sonalCor
rel
ati
oncoef
fi
cienthel
pust
ofi
ndoutt
hei
rassoci
ati
on
as i
tmeasur
es t
he st
renghtand r
elat
ionshi
p bet
ween t
wo v
ari
abl
es whi
ch i
sthe age
(
Independentv
ari
abl
es)and t
he Cov
id-
19 cases (
Dependentv
ari
abl
e).
Thi
s St
ati
sti
calTool
quant
if
iesonhowcl
osel
yvar
iabl
eisr
elat
edt
oanot
herv
ari
abl
e.

Wi
tht
hef
ict
it
ioushy
phot
eti
caldat
awehav
e,wewi
l
lbeabl
etoanal
yzet
hedat
a
set
sofCov
id-
19cases.Thi
sSt
ati
sti
calTool
appr
opr
iat
easweseekoft
hei
rassoci
ati
onofbot
h
v
ari
abl
es.
Toanal
yze,t
her
ewher
etwov
ari
abl
esi
ntwocol
umnofasampl
eset
sofdat
aof
obser
vat
ion.
Usi
ngt
hisPer
sonalCor
rel
ati
onCoef
fi
cient(
r)we'
renow abl
eto measur
ethe
cov
ari
anceoft
hei
rst
renght
sanddi
rect
ionsofl
i
nearr
elat
ionshi
pofv
ari
abl
es di
vi
dedby
pr
oductoft
hei
rSt
andar
dDev
iat
ion.

RESULTS

Tabl
e1showst
hesampl
edat
aset
soft
het
wov
ari
abl
esi
ncol
umn.
Incol
umn1t
hesetdat
aof
Cov
id-
19pat
ient
sageandi
ncol
umn2t
hesetofCov
id-
19casesr
egar
dingwi
thageandt
he
cal
cul
atedr
esul
tsofper
soncor
rel
ati
oncoef
fi
cientwhi
chi
sr=0.
99.
Sincet
hev
alueofri
s
posi
ti
veandcl
oset
o1,
i
tmeanst
hatPer
sont
hatar
eol
deroragedhast
hepossi
bleandmost
v
ulner
abl
efort
hev
irusespeci
all
ythosewi
thunder
lyi
ngdi
seases.

Age Cov
id-
19cases

10-
19 2
 20-
29 10

30-
31 10

40-
49 11

50-
59 12

60-
69 4

70-
79 1

r
=0.
99

DI
SCUSSI
ON
COVI
D-19showsani
ncr
easednumberofcasesandagr
eat
err
iskofsev
eredi
seasewi
th
i
ncr
easi
ngage.
Iti
simpor
tantt
hatol
derper
sonandt
hosewi
thunder
lyi
ngdi
seasest
obemor
e
pr
otect
ed.
Ther
iskofdeat
hduet
oCOVI
D-19amonghospi
tal
i
zedpat
ient
sisknownt
obehi
gher
i
nol
deradul
tsandt
hosewi
thunder
lyi
ngheal
thcondi
ti
ons.Under
standi
ngt
heper
cent
ageof
pat
ient
swhoar
eati
ncr
easedr
iskofdeat
hdueCOVI
D-19andhow t
hisv
ari
esbet
weenage
gr
oupswi
l
linf
ormt
heheal
thcar
ecommuni
tyhowt
oev
aluat
ether
iskofCOVI
D-19,andbet
ter
desi
gnheal
thcar
eandeconomi
cpol
i
cies.
(Ni
chol
asD.
,
Pet
raK.
,
Rossal
i
ndE.
,
).Ani
ncr
easedr
isk
f
rom COVI
D-19,ol
derpeopl
eshoul
dhav
erespondedt
otheCOVI
D-19pandemi
cbyengagi
ngi
n
mor
epr
event
ivebehav
ior
sandav
oidi
ngmor
eri
skybehav
ior
s.Thi
sappear
stor
esul
tfr
om t
he
f
actt
hathi
gheragei
sli
nkedt
omor
eunder
lyi
ngheal
thcondi
ti
onsandweakeri
mmunesy
stems.
(
Kim JK,Cr
immi
nsEM (
2020)
).
Thosewhoper
cei
veahi
gherper
sonalpr
obabi
l
ityofget
ti
ngt
he
i
nfect
ionanddy
ingar
emor
eli
kel
ytor
espondt
obehav
ior
almodi
fi
cat
ionst
hant
hosewhose
assessmentoft
hei
rri
skf
ori
nfect
ionanddeat
hisl
ow.Al
loft
hesef
act
orsmayi
nfl
uencehow
peopl
e pr
act
ice pr
event
ati
ve and r
iskybehav
ior
sinr
esponse t
o COVI
D-19,and i
nfl
uence
di
ff
erent
ial
responsebyage.

REFERENCES

Sal
unkhe,
Vidy
ulat
a;Aboel
nasr
,Amr
;Pahal
,Par
ul;
Qadi
r,Ni
da;
Kir
an,
Simr
a;Sekar
an,
Bal
aji
;
Fahmy
,Omar
;Daas,
Far
ah;
andShah,
Syed(
2020)"
Age,
Comor
bidi
ti
es,
andMor
tal
it
y
Cor
rel
ati
oni
nCOVI
D-19Pat
ient
s:ARev
iew,
"TheUni
ver
sit
yofLoui
svi
ll
eJour
nalofRespi
rat
ory
I
nfect
ions:Vol
.4:I
ss.1,
Art
icl
e69.
DOI
:10.
18297/
jri
/vol
4/i
ss1/
69

Ni
chol
asG.Dav
ies,
Pet
raKl
epac,
[…]
Rosal
i
ndM.EggoAge-
dependentef
fect
sint
he
t
ransmi
ssi
onandcont
rol
ofCOVI
D-19epi
demi
csNat
ureMedi
cinev
olume26,
pages1205–1211(
2020)
Publ
i
shed:
16June2020

Wehenkel
Chr
ist
ian,
Posi
ti
veassoci
ati
onbet
weenCOVI
D-19deat
hsandi
nfl
uenzav
acci
nat
ion
r
atesi
nel
der
lypeopl
ewor
ldwi
de,
I
nst
it
utodeSi
l
vicul
tur
aei
ndust
ri
adel
aMader
a,Uni
ver
sidad
Juar
ezdel
Est
adodeDur
ango,
Dur
angoMexi
co

Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion(
WHO)
,Cor
onaVi
rusDi
sease2019(
COVI
D-19)si
tuat
ionr
epor
t-
51,
20200311-
sit
rep-
51-
cov
id-
19