Solutions 6th edition – Week 5 2DI90

6.1 – Numerical Summeries of Data

6.2 No, it is easy to construct a counter example. For example: {1,2,3,1000}.

6.4 Yes this is possible. For example {1,2,5,10,100}. The sample mean is 23.6 and the sample standard
deviation is 42.85.

6.6 The sample mean will be increased with 5 and the sample standard deviation will not change.
8 8
6.7 Σ𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 592.032 and Σ𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖2 = 43813.47632
2
43813.47632−592.032
2
Sample variance: 𝑠 = 8−1
8
= 0.00002126786 …

Sample standard deviation: 𝑠 = √0.00002126786 … = 0.00461 mm

6.19

Sample Mean = 65.83

Sample Std. Deviation = 12.164

You will not be asked in any test of this course to construct a dot diagram.

Without the lowest measurement:

Sample Mean = 66.8286

Sample Std. Deviation = 10.75253

Deleting just one measurement on 36 measurements will not change the sample mean and sample
standard deviation that much unless it is quite an outlier. In this case, the mean increases with one and
the sample std. deviation, giving information about the variability within the sample, even drops with
1.5. This means that the lowest measurement 31 is quite an outlier.

6.22

As we can see in the picture at the right:

Q1 = percentile 25 = 88.575

Median = Q2 = percentile 50 = 90.400

Q3 = percentile 75 = 92.200
6.33

As we can see in the picture at the right:

Sample mean = 234.236

Sample Std. Deviation =12.0668

Median (also percentile 50) = 234.750

90th percentile = 249.890

6.42

De second picture shows more detailed information.

6.58

The histogram of the

measurements shows
that the measurements
are distributed quite
symmetricly. However,
there are to high-
valued outliers, the 12th
and the 43rd
measurement.

6.66

Apparantly, the time factor plays a big role in these measurements. If we calculate the sample mean and
sample standard deviation from all the measurements together, we get:

Sample mean = 46.198 Sample Standard Deviation = 2.52

But we see in the time series plot that the first 24 measurements are all concentrated quite close to 48
and that the other measurements that come after that are quite concentrated between 44 and 42.
Calculating the sample mean and sample tandard deviation from the first 24 measurements and the
sample mean and sample standard deviation from the last 16 measurements gives:
First part: Sample mean = 48.2083 Sample standard deviation = 0.41485
Second part: Sample mean = 43.1813 Sample standard deviation = 0.27621

So treating the sample as one sample while ignoring the time-dependence of the sample, would throw
away quite some important information.

6.67

We can see from this time series plot that the measurements are distributed among the mean quite
independently from their sequence number. The graph shows that the measurements generally
decrease a little in the last part, but there are no extreme ‘seperated parts’ like in exercises 6.66
6.73

The two variables ‘Rating Points’ and ‘Yards Per Attempt’ seem to have a positive correlation. In general,
as the yards per attempt increase, the rating points do too. So yes, there seems to be a relation between
them.

The simple correlation coefficient between

the variables is R = 0.820. Which indeed
represents a quite strong positive
correlation between the two variables.