Unit – 1 networking

Internet Basics - Chapter 1

Objective Type Questions

[A] chose the correct alternative.

1. Ip addresses of two computers on a network:

(a) Can be the same

(b) Cannot be the sum

(c) Are not defined

(d) Must match with a third computer

Ans. (b) Cannot be the same

2. A domain name maps to:

(a) A URL

(b) A website

(c) An IP address

(d) All of these

Ans. (b) A website

3. WWW stands for:

(a) World Wide Wed

(b) Word Wide wed

(c) World way wed

(d) Wed World Wide

Ans. (a) World Wide Web

4. Which of the following is not a web browser?

(a) Mozilla Firefox

(b) Google Chrome

(c) Internet Explorer

(d) Microsoft Frontpage

Ans. (d) Microsoft Frontpage

5. Which of the following is not an ISP in India?

(a) MTNL

(b) Vodafone

(c) Airtel

(d) TCP

Ans. (d) TCP

6. the device which is used to convert digital data into analog form and versa is called a:

(a) Keyboard

(b) Modem

(c) Router

(d) Light Pen

Ans. Modem

7. The computer or server on the internet is also known as:

(a) PC

(b) Host

(c) Browser

(d) Client

Ans. (b) Host

8. Internet address is a:

(a) 8 bit number

(b) 16 bit number

(c) 32 bit number

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c) 32 bit number

9. in all computers on the internet, the ones owned and operated by educational institutions form part
of:

(a) org domain

(b) univ domain

(c) edu domain

(d) sch domain

Ans. (c) edu domain

10. In HTTPS, S means:

(a) Secret

(b) Socket

(c) Secure

(d) Software

Ans. (c) Secure

[B] State whether these statements are True or False.

1. the different terminals that are attached to the network and share the resources are called nodes.

Ans. True

2. Home page is the server page of a website.

Ans. False

3. Webpage is a collection of websites.

Ans. False
4. A wed browser is a client application.

Ans. True

5. Articles posted on newsgroup are distributed over the internet by host servers.

Ans. False

6. the concept of internet was proposed in 1891.

Ans. false

7. Blockage is a block of data transmitted.

Ans. False

8. Modem is a device that converts analog signals into digital signals and vice versa.

Ans. True

9. ARPANET is the predecessor of modem day internet.

Ans. True

[C] Fill in the blanks.

1. website is a collection of ………..

Ans. webpages

2. IP address is a unique ……… bit address.

Ans. 32

3. NSF stands for National ……….. Foundation.

Ans. Science
4. ……… refers to wed browser in the user’s computer system.

Ans. Wed client

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q.1. what is a computer network?

Ans. A computer network is a collection of inter- connected autonomous computers and other devices
which are able to communicate with each other and share hardware and software resources.

Q.2. What is the purpose of a modem?

Ans. Modem is a device that converts analog signals to digital signals and vice-versa.

Q.3. How is router different from a modem?

Ans. Router allows multiple computers to join the same network while a modem connects to the
internet. In order for devise on the network to connect to the internet, the router must be connected to
a modem.

Q.4. What is NIC?

Ans. NIC is network interface card that connects our computer to a local data network or the internet. It
is also called a network adapter.

Q.5. Give one difference between internet and intranet.

Ans. Internet is a network of computer network which operate world wide using a common set of
communication protocols. Internet is an inter – connected network within one organization that uses
wed technologies for sharing the information internally.

Q.6. Write the name of any two ISP is India.

Ans. BSNL, Airtel, Reliance Jio, etc.

Q.7. What is an ISP?

Ans. ISP (Internet Service Provider) are companies which provide internet related services to its users.
Q.8. What is a URL?

Ans. The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the unique address or location of a document and other
resources on the World Wide Wed.

Q.9. Write on example each of URL and IP address.

Ans. URL: http://www.cbse.in/welcome.htm

IP address: 122.176.185.219

Q.10. Given below are two addresses:

(i) http://www.abc.com/index.htm

(ii) 182.68.9.165

Identify which one of the above is an IP address and which one is one is a URL.

Ans. (i) URL (ii) IP address

Q.11. What do the following domains signify?

(i) .edu (ii) .org

Ans. (i) .edu – education (ii) .org – organization

Q.12. how is a domain name different from a URL?

Ans. URL is a string that provides the information location or complete internet address of a webpage.
Domain name are use in URLs to identify particular Web servers. For example, in the URL
http://www.cbse .in /welcome.htm, the domain name is www.cbse.nic.in.

Q.13. What is domain name resolution?

Ans. Domain Name Resolution is the process of getting corresponding IP address from a domain name.

Q.14. What are newsgroup?

Ans. A newsgroup is an online discussion forum accessible thought internet.

Q.15. What is a blog?

Ans. A blog is a frequency updates online personal journal or diary. It is a place to express ourselves to
the world. Blog is a short from of weblog.

Q.16. What is a homepage?

Ans. A homepage is a front door of a website. Typically, the homepage is just one of the pages on a
Website but in common use the homepage and the website that it introduces are used interchangeably.

Q.17. Why is internet not the World Wide Web?

Ans. The internet is the huge network of computer all connected tighter . The World Wide Web (WWW)
is a collection of webpage found on this network of computers.

Q.18. Rahul got an assignment in which there is a question about website. But does not know about it.
Help him to get the information of website .

Ans. Website is a collection of webpages belonging to a particular person or an organization.

Q.19. Renu want to send an email through Internet. Her teacher told her about SMTP that is used for
transferring the mail, and also asked her the full form of SMTP. Help her.

Ans. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Q.20. Shrey is a student of class 10th. He wants to access the webpages on the internet. Which software
will be used for accessing these webpages and also told him about it.

Ans. Web browser is an application software that enables the user to access web pages and web
applications on the Internet.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q.1. Why do we need computer network?

Ans. (i) Network enable resource sharing across the globe.

(ii) Network provide high reliabilities by having alternate copies of data. Presence of multiple CPUs
means that if one goes down, the others may be able to take over its work. This abilities to work in the
face to hardware problems is of almost importance in military, banking, air traffic control, nuclear
reactor safety, etc.
(iii) Network enable and client/server model with clients as small computers, one per user , with data
kept on one or more shared file server machine. eg. Software installation can be on server and this can
save cost of buying license for every machine.

Q.2. What is LAN?

Ans. A LAN (local Area Network) connects network device over a relatively short distance . A networked
office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will
contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room ). And occasionally a LAN will have span a group of near
by buildings.

In addition of operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a
single person or organization . They also tend to used certain connectivity technologies, primarily,
Ethernet and token Ring.

Q.3. What is WAN?

Ans. A WAN (wide area network) spans large physical distance. The Internet is the small largest WAN,
spanning the Earth.

A WAN is a geographically – dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a router connects
LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains booth a LAN address a WAN address.

WANs tend to use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity over the longer distances.

Q.4. Differentiate between LAN and WAN.

Ans.

LAN WAN
Diameter of less than a few Span entire country
kms
Owned by a private Owned by multiple
organization organizations
High speed Lower speed ( < 1 Mbps)
Very low error rates High error rates
Costly Cheap

Q.5. what is MAN?

Ans. A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but
smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned and operated by a single entity such as a
government body or large corporation. This is often the case for hospitals that need to connect
treatment facilities, out – patient facilities, doctor’s offices, labs, and research offices for access to
centralized patient and treatment information. To centralized patient and treatment information.

Q.6. What is an IP address?

Ans. Every machine in a network has a unique identifying number, called its IP Address. An IP address is
a group of four bytes (or 32 bits) each of which can be a number from 0 to 255. A typical IP address
looks like this:

Q.7. What are the types of IP addresses?

Ans. IP addresses are of two types:

Static IP Address: static IP addresses are those types of IP address that never change once they are
assigned to a device on a network. No doubt this type of addressing is cost effective but could have a
high security risk. Static IP addresses are mostly used by wed email and gaming servers who don’t care
much about hiding their locations.

Dynamic address: A Dynamic IP address changes each time the device logs into a network this kind of IP
address is very tough to trace and are used by companies and business firms.

Q.8. Write a short note on MAC address.

Ans. Each NIC (Network Interface Card) has a universally unique address assigned to it by its
manufacturer. This address is known as the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the card. It means
that a machine with a NIC can be identified uniquely through its NIC’s MAC address. MAC address of an
NIC is permanent and does never change.

MAC addresses are 12 – digit hexadecimal (6 bytes or 48 bit) numbers. By convention MAC addresses
are usually written in one of the following tow formats:

MM: MM:MM:SS:SS:SS

MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS

Q.9 What is DNS?

Ans. it is practically impossible for a person to remember the IP addresses of all the computers one may
have to communicate with. Therefore, a system has been developed which assigns names to some
computer (wed servers) and maintains a database of these names and corresponding IP addresses.
These names are called Domain Names.

Q.10. Distinguish between MAC address and IP address with the help of example of each.
Ans.

MAC address IP Address

MAC-Media Access Control
address
It is a unique 12 digit
hexadecimal number
assigned to each network
interface card
Can never be changed
Ex. 00:A0:C9:14:C8:35
IP – Internet Protocol
address
It is a numerical label that is
assigned to a device
participating in a comput-er
network
Can be changed
Ex. 192:168:0.2

Q.11. What is a website?

Ans. Website is a set of related wed pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc. a
website is hosted on at least one wed server, accessible via a network through an internet or a private
local area network through an internet address known as a uniform resource locator. All publicly
accessible websites collectively constitute the world wide web.

Q.12. differentiate between wed browser and wed server:

Ans. differences between web browser and web server are as follows:

Wed browser Web server

It acts an interface between server Web server accepts, approve and

and user, and displays web
documents to the client.
The web browser sends an HTTP
request and gets an HTTP
response.
respond to the request made by
the web browser for a web
document or services.
The web server gets HTTP requests
and send HTTP requests and send
HTTP responses.

Q.13. what is web Hosting?

Ans. a web hosting service is a type of internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations
to make their website accessible via the world wide web.

Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server, owned or leased, for use by clients, as well as
providing internet connectivity, typically in a data center.

There are 4 major types of web hosting:

(a) free hosting

(b) virtual or shared hosting

(c) Dedicated hosting

(d) colocation hosting

Q.14. Differentiate between a website and a web portal.

Ans. website is a location on the internet, publicly accessible with a unique URL (web address).

Website is a location on the internet, accessible with a unique URL (web address) and unique username
and password.

Q.15. what are the different types of newsgroups?

Ans. the three major types of newsgroups are:

(i) standard newsgroups: these include high – quality discussions which cannot be established without a
formal voting procedure.

Hierarchies – comp, sci, soc, news, rec, talk, misc.

(ii) alt newsgroups: these include the discussions which can be established by anyone with the requisite
technical knowledge.

(iii) biz newsgroups: these include the discussions on commercial uses.

Q.16. list some advantages of blogs.

Ans. (i) blog sites can be developed with the help of simple procedures.

(ii) A blog can be read by anyone:

(iii) it improves writing skills of blogger:

(iv) it allows us to get feedback on our thoughts:

Q.17. list some disadvantages of blogs.

Ans. (i) sometimes, a lot of time.

(ii) sometimes, people just blog with sloppy writing.

(iii) there is no confidentiality as it is a public forum.

(iv) some people might give negative feedback in a harsh way.

Q.18. what is the structure of a URL?

Ans. the URL contains 4 parts:

(i) the type of service that the resource is served by HTTP, FTP, etc.

(ii) the domain name of the site.

(iii) the internet port number of the service.

(iv) the location of the resource in the directory structure of the server:

Q.19. what are the differences between a webpage and website?

Ans.
Webpage Website
It is a document on the It is a collection of
world wide web that webpages belonging to
can include text, a particular person or
pictures, sound and organization.
video.

Q.20. how are files downloaded?

Ans. downloading is transmitting data or their remote computer to a local computer. Downloading
enables users to save files on their own computers. These files are downloaded using FTP (file transfer
Protocol).

We can also use HTTP to download files from the web.

From the internet client/user’s point of views, to download a file is to request is from another computer
or form a web page on another computer and then receive or retrieve it.

Q.21. what is the meaning of uploading? Give some guidelines for safe downloads.

Ans. uploading is the transmission of data or file from a local computer to a remote computer, as from
your users to easily exchange files over networks. While downloading any file close all the application
that are running on your computer, let only on set-up file run at a time of downloading close all the
important applications in order to be safe if something goes wrong while downloading set firewalls, and
antivirus to actively scan all the files you download.

Scan all the files after you download whether from websites or links received form e-mails.

Always use updated antivirus, spam filter and spyware to help detect and remove virus, spyware from
the application you want to download.
Q.1. Student use the network quite frequently to study. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of this
for the student.

Ans. Advantage:

(i) Lasted information available

(ii) Easier to produce neatly presented work.

(iii) Huge amount of information.

(iv) Faster access to information.

Disadvantage.

(i) Danger of accessing doubtful websites.

(ii) Inefficient searching.

(iii) Credibility of information.

(iv) Can get easily distracted.

Q.2. In how many ways can we access the internet.

Ans. ISP's provide internet in the following forms:

(i) Dial -up Connection: Its use a telephone line or a computer to dial into and ISP a modem attached to
computer. The ISP helps establish a modem to modem link, which is then routed to the internet. The
user is connected temporarily to the internet through any service provider.

(ii) Broadband Connection: It is a high speed internet access. Broadband connectivity doesn't even
disturb the telephone use. Its carries both voice and data over a single wire. Voice user the lower end of
frequency spectrum while the data use the higher end. The same telephone line is thus, split in two
separate channels. Broadband connection are measured in mbps (megabits of data per sound ).
Broadband service is available in three ways.

(a) cable modem: It is the same connection that delivers cables. TV It is fast and reliable.

(b) DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): It use an existing phone line but line for voice call remains separate.

(c) Satellite: It is use where cable modem and DSL broadband technologies are not available. It is slow
and can be interrupted by bad weather. It is slow and can be interrupted by bad weather.

(iii) Wireless Internet Connection: It involves the use of technologies such as Wi- Fi, WiMAX and
satellites. The wireless technology uses radio or microwaves for transmission of data.

Q.3. How does WWW work?

Ans. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online content that is formatted on HTML and
accessed via HTTP. The term refers to all the interlinked HTMP page that can be accessed over the
Internet.
The WWW system is based on the client/sever architecture. A web client sends request for information
to any web server send the document requested to the requesting client.

Typically, the client program (browser) runs on the separate machine from that of the server. The server
that care of all the issues related to document storage, whereas the task of presenting the information
to the user is left to the client program.

The protocol that web client and server use to communicate with each is called the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). All web client and server must use HTTP in order to send / receive hypermedia
documents. For this reason, web server are often called HTTP servers.

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