BUILDIND MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 1

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

AR. GEETIKA VERMA TEJASWINI C GAUR
B.ARCH 7TH SEM
A51204015040
 ASIIGNMENT 1
TOPIC: “TRUSS”

What is a “TRUSS”?
 Trusses are simply defined as triangulation of members to
make the stabilized structure.
 Triangulation is the stable configuration
mathematically.
 Generally, a truss has the members called
as top chord, bottom chord, vertical
chord and diagonal chord.
 In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force
members only, where the members are organized so that the
assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object“

Characteristics:
 A truss consists of typically straight members connected at
joints, traditionally termed panel points.
 Trusses are typically composed of triangles because of the
structural stability of that shape and design.
 A triangle is the simplest geometric figure that will not change
shape when the lengths of the sides are fixed.
 In comparison, both the angles and the lengths of a four-sided
figure must be fixed for it to retain its shape.
 The joint at which a truss is designed to be supported is
commonly referred to as the Munter Point

The main functions of the trusses are:

 Carrying the loads from the over structures.
 Providing adequate lateral stability to the entire structure.
There are some basic assumptions in the designing process. It
should be clarified that the construction of the trusses should
conform with the design assumptions to avoid the unwanted
failures due to the dispersion of the forces and loads. Following
are the assumptions in truss design.
 Truss members will carry only the axial forces.
 The nodes i.e. the connections of the members are designed as
pinned joints so that moments won’t be transferred to the
members of the truss.
 All the external loads and the reactions are act only on the
nodes
 Generally, the truss should be in a plane.

Typically the members of the trusses are made as I sections,

angles, T sections, Tube sections, Square sections and channel
sections. I sections are more preferable as a optimized section in
terms of the structural forces.

TYPES OF TRUSSES
 Simple truss – indicates a single triangular truss. These trusses
are most often used as the roof trusses.
 Planar truss – as the name implies it is a two dimensional truss.
If all the members and the nodes are in a planar surface, then
this truss is a planar truss.
 Space frame truss – Contrast to planar truss, the members and
the nodes are located in the three dimensional space. Electrical
and telecom towers are the one of the simplest example that
we are seeing in the day to day life.
Forms of trusses:
1. Pratt trust: (12-25M)

Pratt truss form for the loads in gravity direction.

Pratt truss form for the uplift loads (loads opposite to gravity)

2. Warren truss: (<50M)

3. North light truss: (5-8M)

4. Vierendeel truss: (<28M)

5. Simple Fink truss: (10M)

6. Howe truss: (<12M)

7. Saw tooth truss: (5-8M)

Materials used for “truss”:

 Generally, roof trusses are made out of two materials,
steel and timber.
 Trusses made out of steel structures are a common
choice among commercial, industrial and large residential
complexes.