CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Air-conditioning becomes one of the most significant factors in national

energy consumption because it is closely connected and health of the people. So, Air
conditioning is one of the important recent developments in the world.
1.1. General
Air-conditioning is a process of controlling the air temperature, relative
humidity, ventilation, air movement and air cleanliness of a given space in order to
provide the occupants with a comfortable indoor temperature.
Air conditioning provides a comforting effect, health effect, control of dust
and odor and psychological or emotional effect on human being. So, air conditioning
is one of the important recent developments in the world.
In present days, the environmental problem is one of the most serious
problems. Energy consumption by industries and buildings are responsible for this
problem. About 72% of world energy is consumed by industry, commercial buildings,
residential houses, city center and markets. In a large building or complex, which is
air-conditioned, about 60% of the total energy requirement in the building is located
for the air- conditioning plan installed to use the cooling purpose.
Exact prediction of the cooling and heating load, proper size of the heat
ventilation air-conditioning system and optimal control of the systems are important
to minimize energy consumption. The cooling load means the net amount of heat
removed from the room and it is the basic of the selection of the number of package
type air conditioners for any building air installation purposes. Root factors that affect
cooling loads are the external climates such as outdoor temperature, solar radiation
and humidity. Local climatic conditions are important parameters for the energy
efficiency of buildings. Because the energy consumption in buildings depend on the
climatic conditions and the performance of air-conditioning system changes with
them as well, better design in building applications that take account of the climatic
conditions will result in better comfort and more energy efficient buildings.
Calculation of cooling load of building is very essential to find exact air
conditioning equipment and air handling unit, to achieve comfort operation and good
air distribution in the air conditioned zone.

1.2. Air Conditioning

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) defines air conditioning as the process of treating air so as to
comfort simultaneously its temperature humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet
the requirement of the conditioned space. As indicated in the definition, the important
actions involved in the operation of an air conditioning system are;
(1) temperature control
(2) humidity control
(3) air filtering
(4) cleaning and purification
(5) air movement and circulation
Temperature control for winter heating conditions requires automatic control
of the heating source as a means of maintaining designed room temperature and for
summer cooling conditions requires automatic control of refrigeration system to
maintain the desired room temperature.
Humidity control for winter conditions usually requires automatics control of
the addition of moisture to the heating system (by use of humidifier) and for summer
conditions requires the automatic control of dehumidifiers is done at the time the air
to be cooled is passed over the cold evaporator surfaces.
In general, air filtering is the same for both summer and winter air
conditioning. Air filtering equipment usually consists of very fine porous substances
air is drawn through to remove contaminating particle. Filters using activated carbon
and electrostatic precipitators may be added to the usual filtering mechanisms to
improve air cleaning. The air pollutants and methods used to remove them from the
air will be covered in later paragraphs.
Air conditioning has two phases; they are comfort air conditioning, industrial
air conditioning, comfort air conditioning is applied in many places such as Movie
Theater, meeting hall, hotel, hospital and the places where human can stay
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comfortably. Comfort may be described as a condition in which the human body

feels neither warm nor cold an absence of excess sensation.
Comfort air conditioning includes to control –
(1) temperature
(2) purity of air
(3) humidity
(4) air movement
(5) noise
Industrial air conditioning is often required during the storage of materials and
products; it is often a necessity during some of the manufacturing operation of the
following industries; brewing, chemicals and drugs, engines electrical products,
foods, glass, precision instruments, machine shops, prints, commercial products or
commodities, paper, photographic materials, manufacture of materials, rubber goods,
steel, textiles and tobacco in the form of cigarettes, cigars and other materials.
Complete air conditioning provides automatic control of these conditions for
both summer and winter. The complete air conditioning system controls the
temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness. Details of the construction
and location of the complete air conditioning system vary with the design of the
system.
The following factors are effected the human comfort;
(1) effective temperature
(2) heat and moisture loss from the human body
(3) air motion
(4) the effect of cool and hot surface within the spaces
(5) heat transmission of the building or space and other heat emitting
bodies such as lighting, materials in it.
In addition to the control provided many industries air condition, their plants
for more complete control of manufacturing processes and materials improves the
quality of the finished products.
Summer cooling systems have become a standard utility in large buildings
throughout the world. In summer, the weather is very hot in Myanmar, so air-
conditioning system is more required to comfort. Myanmar atmospheric conditions
are varied in different parts of the country. Particularly, the summer conditions in
Myanmar are quite uncomfortable in most parts of the country and winter conditions
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are uncomfortable in few parts of the country. So, air-conditioning will become a
necessity for various conditioned spaces in coming few decades with rapid industrial
development and with the economic growth of our country. Accordance with the
rapid rise in the standard of living, air-conditioning is more required to comfort
human beings in a confined space.

1.2. Implementation Program

(1) This air conditioning system is used for living room.
(2) All dimensions, all types of used materials, numbers of lighting, types of
transmitting devices, maximum capacity of this hall and types of cooling are
recorded to do the effective design.
(3) The location of hall, such as, latitude and longitude and the desired time and
month, are considered.
(4) Space characteristics and heat load components of living room are recorded to
get the specified design results.

1.3. Aim and Objectives

The main aim of this thesis is to do design calculation of air-conditioning
system for ‘LIVING ROOM’.
The Objective of this paper is to calculate cooling load to find exact air-
conditioning equipment and air handling unit, to achieve comfort operation and good
air distribution in the air conditioned zone.
The objectives of cooling load calculations are as follows:
(1) To determine be the optimum rate at which heat needs to be removed from
space to establish thermal equilibrium & maintain a pre-determined inside
conditions.
(2) To calculate peak design loads (cooling/heating).
(3) To estimate capacity or size of plant/equipment.
(4) To provide info for load designs.
(5) To form the basis for building energy analysis.

1.4. Outline of Thesis

This thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one deals with introduction
of air conditioning, implementation program and aim and objectives are described.
Chapter two is mentioned classifications of air-conditioning system and components
of air- conditioning system unit. Chapter three is composed of the formula for cooling
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load calculation. The equations necessary for air conditioning system are described in
this chapter. Chapter four presents design calculations of cooling load to get the
optimal design for comfort condition. Finally, conclusion, discussions and
recommendations of the thesis are presented in chapter five.
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