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Keele Management School Spring 2009: Appendix To Lecture Notes 5 (APT) Worked Example
Keele Management School Spring 2009: Appendix To Lecture Notes 5 (APT) Worked Example
Spring 2009
Worked Example
5.1 The Market Asset returns are governed by a two-factor APT model; factor f1
represents domestic risk and factor f2 represents export risk. Both factors have zero
mean. Returns on three widely-diversified portfolios L, M and N satisfy the three
factor-price equations:
where fi is the random factor i (i = 1; 2), and rj is the random rate of return of portfolio
j (j = L; M; N); fi and rj are given in per cent. The risk-free rate of return on
government bonds G is rf = 6%.
5.3 The Lambdas To find the two lambdas, we relate the factor loadings of portfolios
L and M to the risk premia of these porfolios. Since the factors f1 and f2 have zero
mean, expected returns of a portfolio are given by the constant term in the factor-
price equation:
Solution: λ1 = 0.64, λ2 =3.52; the price of export risk is 5.5 times as high as the price
of domestic risk.
5.4 Eqilibrium Rate of Return To check for arbitrage, we first assess portfolio N’s
equilibrium risk premium by evaluating N’s factor loadings β1N = 1.0, β2N = 0.5, by the
corresponding lambdas:
1
we should buy N and finance our purchase by short-selling a replicating mixture of L,
M and G.
[ ]
E [rP ] = wL E [rL ] + wM E [rM ] + wG E r f = 0.4 × 8.0 + 0.4 × 10.0 + 0.2 × 6.0 = 8.4
as predicted by the APT pricing in eqn (3) above, where we found that N’s risk
premium should be 2.4.
rH = 0.6 ,
a positive and riskfree rate of return of 0.6 per cent on every pound raised by short-
selling portfolio P. Portfolio H is entirely self-financing; it costs us nothing — and yet it
earns a positive and risk-free profit. This is arbitrage.