Professional Documents
Culture Documents
History Project: Presented By: - Aakanksha Jariwala - Nirav Jariwala - Tanvi Tanawala - Shyam Jariwala - Vijay Limbasiya
History Project: Presented By: - Aakanksha Jariwala - Nirav Jariwala - Tanvi Tanawala - Shyam Jariwala - Vijay Limbasiya
History Project: Presented By: - Aakanksha Jariwala - Nirav Jariwala - Tanvi Tanawala - Shyam Jariwala - Vijay Limbasiya
Presented by:
- Aakanksha Jariwala
- Nirav Jariwala
- Tanvi Tanawala
- Shyam Jariwala
- Vijay Limbasiya
Mesopotamia
“The Cradle of Civilization”
First Civilization
Converted open villages into walled cities
Cities became city-states ruled by strong
leaders
Developed a system of writing, metal
working and were early users of wheel
Greatest leader- Sargon the Great
Invention of wheel
The wheel is probably the most important mechanical invention of all time.
Nearly every machine built since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
involves a single, basic principle embodied in one of mankind’s truly
significant inventions. It’s hard to imagine any mechanized system that
would be possible without the wheel or the idea of a symmetrical
component moving in a circular motion on an axis. From tiny watch gears
to automobiles, jet engines and computer disk drives, the principle is the
same.
The temple, as the center of worship, was also the center of every city.
Around the year 2000 B.C., temple towers began to be built to link
heaven and earth. The towers, called ziggurats, were very large,
pyramid-shaped structures on top of which the temple was built. The
ziggurats were built of mud
The Mesopotamians believed that these pyramid temples connected
heaven and earth. In fact, the ziggurat at Babylon was known as
Etemenankia or "House of the Platform between Heaven & Earth". The
ziggurats were often decorated with pillars and other ornamentation.
No one knows for certain why ziggurats were built or how they were
used. They are part of temple complexes, so they were probably
connected with religion.
Jericho
Irrigation
The irrigation system is attested already in very ancient
times, the earliest around 6000 BCE. Through a system of
dikes, dams and canals the precipitation in the
mountainous region in the north is used in the south.
This required a high level of organization of the society
and collective efforts for the construction, maintenance,
supervision and adjustments of the irrigation network.
Over-irrigation and limited drainage gradually brackished
the fields, often causing ecological crisis.
Together with the change of river flow, it stimulates
throughout the Mesopotamian history the foundation of
new settlements and cities.Our knowledge about the
history of irrigation networks is limited by the difficulty of
dating most of the water works.
Climate
The climate is exceedingly hot, but also very humid - the
floods often unpredictable.
Mesopotamians were at the mercy of their hostile
environment, and believed themselves to be at the mercy
of angry and irrational gods.
The civilization which produced one of the
seven wonders of the ancient world, the hanging gardens
of Babylon, also compiled the Epic of Gilgamesh, a
pessimistic portrayal of the futile search for immortality and
human meaning.
City states rose and fell, empires rose and fell, yet the
human spirit of the Mesopotamians endured.
Structure
city
temple