NGEE ANN POLYTECHNIC

SCHOOL OF ENGINNERING - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION

MODULE: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM & PROTECTION

EXPERIMENT NO.: 3

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Detection of Earth Faults

Warning: Do not switch on the power supply to any equipment before and during the
connection of the circuit.

Switch off the supply before you disconnect the circuit.

Do not leave the secondary terminals of the current transformer

open-circuited. Ensure that an ammeter is always connected to the
secondary terminals before switching on the supply.

Objective: To study the wiring connections of current transformers for the

detection of earth fault current.

Equipment: 1 No. secondary injection test set

1 No. ammeter (0 - 10 A)
2 Nos ammeters (0 – 5 A)
1 No. milliammeter

Procedure: Part 1

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 1 below.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1 0-10A
Contacts
Secondary A3 LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P2 P1
Fig. 1

2. Ask your lecturer or supervisor to check the connections before

proceeding further

3. Switch ON the test set and increase the current until ammeter Al
reads 2 A.

DSP Experiment 3 (Oct 2016) revised by tgh 1

 4. Record the readings on all the three ammeters.

5. Reduce the current to zero and switch Off the test set.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1 0-10A
Contacts
Secondary A3 LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P1 P2
Fig. 2
Part 2

1. Re-connect the circuit in Fig. 2 above. [P1 and P2 position

interchanged.]
2. Ask your lecturer or supervisor to check the connections before
proceeding further.

3. Switch ON the test set and increase the current until ammeter A1
reads 2 A.

4. Record the readings on all the three ammeters.

5. Reduce the current to zero and switch OFF the test set.

Part 3

1. Connect an additional piece of wire between the load and the ‘N’
terminal as shown in the circuit shown in Fig. 3.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1 0-10A
Contacts
Secondary A3 LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P1 P2

Fig. 3

DSP Experiment 3 (Oct 2016) revised by tgh 2

 2. Ask your lecturer or supervisor to check the connections before
proceeding further.

3. Switch ON the test set and increase the current until ammeter A1
reads 2 A.

4. Record the readings on all the three ammeters.

5. Reduce the current to zero and switch OFF the test set.

Part 4

1. Disconnect the additional wire between ‘N’ terminal and the load.

2. Replace the ammeter A3 with a milliammeter as shown in Fig. 4.

3. Ask your lecturer or supervisor to check the connections before

proceeding further.

4. Switch ON the test set and increase the current until ammeter A1
reads 2 A.

5. Record the readings on all the three ammeters.

6. Reduce the current to zero and switch OFF the test set.

7. Disconnect the circuit.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1
Contacts
Secondary
mA LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P1 P2
Fig. 4

Results: 1. Record the readings and observations on the given answer sheets.

THE RESULTS TOGETHER WITH YOUR ANSWERS ARE TO BE

SUBMITTED TO YOUR LECTURER AT THE END OF EACH
LABORATORY SESSION.

DSP Experiment 3 (Oct 2016) revised by tgh 3

Name: __________________________________ Student No.: _______________

Class Group: ______________________________ Date: ______________________

MODULE: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM & PROTECTION

EXPERIMENT NO.: 3

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Detection of Earth Faults

Part 1

1. Ammeter readings: A1: A2: A3:

2. Draw arrows on Fig. 1 below to show the relative directions of current flow.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1 0-10A
Contacts
Secondary A3 LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P2 P1
Fig. 1

Part 2

1. Ammeter readings: A1: A2: A3:

2. Draw arrows on Fig. 2 below to show the relative directions of current flow.

P1 P2
S1 S2
0-5A
L A1 0-10A
Contacts
Secondary A3 LOAD
Injection Set N A2
0-5A
S1 S2
P1 P2
Fig. 2

DSP Experiment 3 (Oct 2016) revised by tgh 4

Part 3

1. Ammeter readings: A1: A2: A3:

Part 4

1. A1: A2: Milliammeter reading: mA

Discussions:

1. Why is there a current in ammeter, A3, when an additional wire is connected

between N and the load as in Fig. 3? What does the wire (dotted line) represents?

2. Which of the circuits (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) should you use when connecting the earth
fault protection system?

3. Why is there a reading on the milliammeter in Part 4? What is the name of this
current?

4. What is the device which is usually used instead of the ammeter, A3 in the actual
earth fault protection circuit?

5. What is the principle of operation of this type of earth fault protection circuit using
a current transformer in each line?

DSP Experiment 3 (Oct 2016) revised by tgh 5