Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF BALANGA CITY
NAME: _____________________________ SCHOOL: _____________________

ACTIVITY SHEET IN MATHEMATICS

Grade 9
2nd Quarter, Week 1 (Illustrates situations that involve the following
variations: (a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d) combined)
Direct Variation
The value of y varies directly with the value of x if there exists a nonzero constant
y
k such that y = kx or equivalently =k . The constant k is called the constant of
x
variation.
Example 1: If the distance d varies directly as the time t, then the mathematical
equation describing the relation is d = kr.
Example 2: If y varies directly as x, and y is 12 when x = 2, find y if x = 6.
Solution:
y = kx Write the equation involving x and y
12 = k (2) Substitute the given values in the equation
12
=k Solve for k.
2
6=k

Substitute k = 6 in the equation.

y = 6x
Solve for y if x = 6
y = 6 (6)
y = 36
Activity 1: Write an equation for the following statements.
1. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.
2. The area A of a square varies directly as the square of its side s.
3. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed s.
4. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly as its height h.
5. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to its mass m.
Inverse Variation
The value of y varies inversely with the value of x if there exists a nonzero
k
constant k such that y = or equivalently xy=k. The constant k is called the constant of
x
variation. Since k = xy, then for any pairs x and y, x1y1 = x2y2
Example 1: Expressing statement into mathematical equation using k as the constant
of variation.
The number of persons n needed to do a job varies inversely as the number of days d
to finish the job.
k
Answer: n =
d
Example 2: If y varies inversely as x, and y is 15 when x = 3, find y when x = 5.
Solution 1: Solution 2:
First, set the relation, and find the Since k = xy, then for any pairs x and
constant of variation k. y, x1y1 = x2y2
xy = k If we let x1 = 3, y1 = 15 and x2 = 5
(3)(15) = k find y2 .
k = 45 By substitution,
45 x1y1 = x2y2
The equation of variation is y =
x (3)(15) = (5)(y2)
Next, find y when x = 5 by 45 = 5y2
substituting the value of x in the 45
y2 =
equation, 5
45 y2 = 9
y=
x Hence, y = 9 when x = 5
45
y=
5
y=9
Activity 2: Express each of the following statements into mathematical equation.
1. The number of pechay plants n in a row varies inversely as the space s between
them.
2. The mass m of an object varies inversely as the acceleration due to gravity g.
3. The acceleration a of a car is inversely proportional to its mass m.
4. The base b of a triangle varies inversely as its altitude h.
5. The length l of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width w.
Joint Variation
y varies jointly as x and z if there exists a nonzero number k such that y = kxz,
where x ≠ 0 and z ≠ 0.
Example 1: Translating statement into mathematical equation using k as the constant
of variation.
The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and altitude h.
Answer: A = kbh
Example 2: Suppose y varies jointly as x, and z, and y = 18 when x = 3 and z = 2. Find
y when x = 4 and z = 5.
Solution:
y = kxz
18 = k (3) (2) Substitute the known values.
18 = 6 k Simplify.
k=3 Divide both sided by 8.
Rewriting the equation y = kxz with k = 2, we have:
y = 3xz
To find y when x = 4 and z = 5, we have:
y = 3(4)(5) Replace x with 4and z with 5.
y = 60 Simplify.
Activity 3: Translate the following statement into mathematical equation. Use k as the
constant of variation.
1. The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass m and the acceleration a.
2. The electrical voltage V varies jointly as the current I and the resistance R.
3. The appropriate length s of a rectangular beam varies jointly as its width w and its
depth d.
4. The volume of a cylinder V varies jointly as its height h and the square of the radius
r.
5. The volume V of a pyramid varies jointly as the area of the base B and the altitude
h.
Combined Variation
kx
The statement “z varies directly as x and inversely as y” means z = , or
y
zy
k= , where k is the constant of variation.
x
Example 1: Translating statements into mathematical equations using k as the constant
variation.
a. V varies directly as w and inversely as x.
kw
V=
x
b. P varies directly as q and inversely as the square of r.
kq
P= 2
r
Activity 4: Using k as the constant variation, write the equation of variation for each of
the following.
1. L varies jointly as m and the square of n and inversely as p.
2. A varies directly as the square of b and inversely as c.
3. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as its
volume v.
4. The electrical resistance R of a wire varies directly as its length l and inversely as the
square of its diameter d.
5. The acceleration A of a moving object varies directly as the distance d it travels and
inversely as the square of the time t travels.
Activity 5: Fill in the blank to make each statement true.
1. An equation of the form a = kbc, where k is a nonzero constant, expresses a/an
___________.
2. An equation of the form ________, where k is a nonzero constant, expresses
combined variation.
3. If x is jointly proportional to y and z, then x = __________.
4. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, then x = __________.
5. If x is jointly proportional to y and the square root of z, then x = _______.
Activity 6: Solve for the indicated variable in each problem.
1
1. If y varies inversely as x and y = 8 when x = , find y when x = 10.
2
2. If z varies jointly as x and y. If z = 4 when x = 3 and y = 12, find z when x = 6 and y = 12.
3. If y varies directly as x, and y = 14 when x = 7, find y when x = 10.
4. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z = 10 when x = 4 and y= 2. Find z when x =
12 and y = 6.
5. If d varies jointly as h and g. If d = 13 when h = 13 and g = 6, find d when
h = 21 and g = 8.