ME-8361-MT-1 LAB MANUAL 2017 Reg FINAL

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUNELVELI – 627003.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME8361 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY – I

MANUAL
Name : .....................................................................................
Reg No : ......................................................................................
Branch : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Semester : III
Subject : MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I
Preface
Manufacturing technology lab-I practices have become important in the industrial

field to produce products for the service of customers. The knowledge of manufacturing
FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 1
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB-I-MANUAL.
practices is highly essential for all engineering students and for familiarizing themselves with
modern concepts of manufacturing technologies. The basic need is to provide theoretical and
practical knowledge of manufacturing processes and workshop technology. Considering the
general needs of engineering students, they hardly get any exposure to hand tools,
equipments, machines and manufacturing setups, a basic course in manufacturing science
remains a core subject for all the branches of engineering. Therefore, an attempt has been
made through this manual to present both the theoretical and practical knowledge to the
students.
COLLEGE VISION AND MISSION
Vision:
Our Vision is "To create innovative and vibrant young leaders and entrepreneurs in
Engineering and Technology for building India as a super knowledge power and blossom into
a University of excellence recognized globally".
Mission:
To provide education in Engineering with excellence and ethics and to reach the
unreached.
QUALITY POLICY
We aim at continuous pursuit for excellence through
 Quality education tapped from National and International Resources 14

 Modular approach to channelize knowledge and programmed evaluation of
knowledge accumulated
 Continuous reviewable and renewal of quality systems leading to quality
output
 Producing Engineers with strong ethical and moral background
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The Department of Mechanical Engineering was started in the year 2005 and offers a
full time 4 year B.E Degree Program. The Department has conducted much national level
Technical Symposium and Workshops. The Department is strongly built with excellent lab
facilities and enriched by senior faculty members. The students are given theoretical and
practical input.
The Vision of the Department is

To produce competent mechanical engineers of excellent technical and managerial
skills for national and global development.
The Mission of the Department is

To provide best education in mechanical engineering, encouraging innovation and
entrepreneurship through professional and moral ethics to improve the quality of the people
worldwide.
Programme Educational Objectives (PEO’s)
S.No. PEOs Definition of PEOs
PEO 1 IMPARTING To impart intense knowledge in basic science and its

I
KNOWLEDGE applications in engineering.
PEO 2 MULTI - To integrate the knowledge on basic sciences and

II DISCIPLINE engineering concepts with industrial, social and
environmental issues and to innovate technologies for
betterment.
PEO 3 SKILL To develop interpersonal skills to strengthen team work,
III DEVELOPMENT leadership quality and to promote awareness about continual
learning not limited to higher studies.
PEO 4 To enhance professionalism in problem solving through

IV PROFESSIONALIS decisiveness, moral and professional ethics to shoulder
M social responsibility.
Programme Outcomes (PO’s)

S.No Programme Outcomes
Pa . Engineering Knowledge: Apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals and an engineering specialization for building engineering models.
Pb Problem Analysis: Identify and solve engineering problems reaching conclusions
using mathematics and engineering sciences.
Pc Design/Development of Solutions: Design and develop solutions for engineering
problems that meet specified needs.
Pd Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Conduct investigations of
complex problems including design of experiments and analysis to provide valid
Pe solutions.
Modern Tool Usage: Create and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering tools for executing engineering activities.
Pf The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning of the societal, safety issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to engineering practice.
Pg Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of engineering solutions
in the environment and exhibit the knowledge for sustainable development.
Ph Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, responsibilities
and norms of engineering practice.
Pi Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams in multi-disciplinary settings.
Pj Communication: Communicate effectively to the engineering community and the
outside world and also to write effective reports.
Pk Project Management and Finance: Understand engineering and management
principles and apply them to handle projects in multi disciplinary environments.
Pl Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for life-long learning and apply in the
context of technological change.
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB -I

INTRODUCTION
Production or manufacturing can be simply defined as value addition processes by which

raw materials of low utility and value due to its inadequate material properties and poor or irregular
size, shape and finish are converted into high utility and valued products with definite dimensions,
forms and finish imparting some functional ability. Manufacturing Technology Lab includes various
lathe and shaper- machining operations.A metal rod of irregular shape, size and surface is converted
into a finished rod of desired dimension and surface by machining by proper relative motions of the
tool-work pair.
Machining is an essential process of finishing by which jobs are produced to the desired
dimensions and surface finish by gradually removing the excess material from the preformed blank in
the form of chips with the help of cutting tool moved past the work surface. The blank and the cutting
tool are properly mounted and moved in a powerful device called machine tool enabling gradual
removal of layer of material from the work surface resulting in its desired dimensions and surface
finish. Additionally some environment called cutting fluid is generally used to ease machining by
cooling and lubrication.
Machine Tools basically produce geometrical surfaces like flat, cylindrical or any contour on
the preformed blanks by machining work with the help of cutting tools. The physical functions of a
Machine Tool in machining are: firmly holding the blank and the tool, transmit motions to the tool
and the blank A machine tool is a non-portable power operated and reasonably valued device or
system of devices in which energy is expended to produce jobs of desired size, shape and surface
finish by removing excess material from the preformed blanks in the form of chips with the help of
cutting tools moved past the work surface.
OVERVIEW:

After completion of this course, the students should be able to:
 demonstrate and fabricate different types of components using the machine tools
Safety Precautions
1. Do not wear watch, ring etc in your hand while machining
2. Wear shoe and lab coat
3. Attention to be paid for clamping the job, tool, tool holders or supporting items.
4. Care should be taken for avoiding accidental contact with revolving cutters.
5. Do not handle chips with bare hands, use brush or hand gloves.
6. Pay attention while selecting tools or blades for the proposed use to avoid accidents.
7. Do not remove chip while machine is running.
8. Care should be taken while selecting rapid feed.
9. Follow safety precautions while approach with cutter to avoid tool damage.
10. Use coolants for heat dissipation.
11. Avoid sharp edge tools.
12. Select proper speed or feed or depth of cut.

Instruction to Teachers:
 Prepare an outline (on the board) of the lab activities
 Do not hesitate to explain things more than once or answer questions that you may
consider simple
 Demonstrate new techniques to the class or small groups
 Check the students are in proper lab uniform.
 Visit with each student individually during the lab
 Ask specific questions of the students in order to monitor their progress during the
lab
 Provide ample feedback to students during the lab
Instruction to students:
 Student should maintain discipline & silence inside the lab.

 Follow the instructions given by the teacher
 Students should bring their textbook, observation and record to the lab class and no
other materials are allowed.
 HEADINGS and DETAILS should be neatly written
 i. Aim of the experiment
 ii. Apparatus / Tools / Instruments required
 iii. Procedure / Theory / Algorithm / Program
 iv. Neat Diagram
 v. Result / discussions.
 Students should maintain the cleanliness of the lab.
 Be PATIENT, STEADY, SYSTEMATIC AND REGULAR.
Lab Code of Conduct:
 Students should enter the lab with proper Dress code (i.e. with I.D card, shoes & lab
coat)
 Breakdown of apparatus /Equipment should be immediately intimated to the staff In-
charge and proper entry should be made in the breakdown Register
 Students should switch off the machine and arrange the chairs before leaving the lab.
Major Lab Equipments with Specifications:
S.No Description of Equipment Specifications
1 Centre Lathes 4 ½ feet, ’V’ bed, Centre height 7 inch,

Centre to centre 30 inch.
2 Shaper 12 inch stroke,2 ½ HP Motor
3 Vertical Milling Machine 2 ½ feet swivel base table,8 inch up down

movement, 2 HP Motor
4 Horizontal Milling Machine 3 ½ feet swivel base table,10 inch up down
movement, 2 HP Motor
ME8361 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY – I L T P C

0042
OBJECTIVE:
To Study and practice the various operations that can be performed in lathe, shaper,
drilling, milling machines etc. and to equip with the practical knowledge required in
the core industries.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Machining and Machining time estimations for:
1. Taper Turning
2. External Thread cutting
3. Internal Thread Cutting
4. Eccentric Turning
5. Knurling
6. Square Head Shaping
7. Hexagonal Head Shaping
8. Fabrication of simple structural shapes using Gas Metal Arc Welding
9. Joining of plates and pipes using Gas Metal Arc Welding/ Arc Welding
/Submerged arc welding
10. Preparation of green sand moulds
11 Manufacturing of simple sheet metal components using shearing and bending
operations.
12. Manufacturing of sheet metal components using metal spinning on a lathe
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:

LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR A BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
S.No Description of Equipment Qty
1 Centre Lathes 7
2 Horizontal Milling Machine 1
3 Vertical Milling Machine 1
4 Shaper 1
5 2
Arc welding transformer with cables and holders
6 1
Oxygen and acetylene gas cylinders, blow pipe and other welding
outfit
7 2
Moulding table, Moulding equipments
8 2
Sheet metal forming tools and equipments
Mapping Of Course Outcomes with Program outcomes

using Lathe piece as per given
mechanical safety precautions
using arc welding.Joining two metals
CO
fabrication tools
Use sheet metal
exercised in the Demonstrate the
shape and size Make the work
and epare
patterns
different
molding
S.
moulds
tools,
sand
Use
N
o.
PO
and make simple
tray and funnel.
Pa Engineering Knowledge: Apply H

knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and an H H H H
engineering specialization for
building engineering models.
Pb Problem Analysis: Identify and M
solve engineering problems M M
reaching conclusions using
mathematics and engineering
Pc sciences.
Design/Development of Solutions: M
Design and develop solutions for M M
engineering problems that meet
specified needs.

using Lathe piece as per given
mechanical safety precautions
using arc welding.Joining two metals

CO
fabrication tools
Use sheet metal
exercised in the Demonstrate the
shape and size Make the work
and epare
S.
patterns
different
molding
moulds
tools,
sand
Use
N
o.
PO
and make simple

tray and funnel.
Pd Conduct Investigations of L
Complex Problems: Conduct
investigations of complex problems H H
including design of experiments and
analysis to provide valid solutions.
Pe Modern Tool Usage: Create and L
apply appropriate techniques, L L M H
resources, and modern engineering
tools for executing engineering
Pf activities.
The Engineer and Society: Apply H
reasoning of the societal, safety H H
issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to
engineering practice.
Pg Environment and Sustainability: M
Understand the impact of
engineering solutions in the M H H
environment and exhibit the
knowledge for sustainable
development.
Ph Ethics: Apply ethical principles and H
commit to professional ethics, H H
responsibilities and norms of
engineering practice.
Pi Individual and Team Work: H
Function effectively as an L L M M
individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams in multi-
Pj disciplinary settings. Communicate
Communication: M
effectively to the engineering L L H H
community and the outside world
and also to write effective reports.
Pk Project Management and M
Finance: Understand engineering
M M M M
and management principles and
apply them to handle projects in
Pl multi disciplinary
Life-Long environments.
Learning: Recognize M
the need for life-long learning and H H H H
apply in the context of
technological change.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
INDEX
MARKS STAFF
EX.NO DATE EXERCISES PAGE NO
AWARDED SIGNATURE
STUDY EXERCISES
1 Introduction to Machining operations
2 Introduction to Lathe Machine
3 Introduction to Shaper Machine
LATHE EXERCISES
Machining and machining time estimation for
4 taper turning
5 Machining and machining time estimation for

thread cutting
6 internal thread cutting

7 knurling

8 eccentric turning
SHAPER EXERCISES
9 Machining of hexagon in shaping machine
Machining of square in shaping machine

10
WELDING EXERCISES
Fabrication of structural shapes using Gas
11 Metal Arc welding
12 Joining of plates and pipes using Arc

welding

FOUNDRY EXERCISES
Preparation on green sand mould using
13 solid pattern
14 Preparation on green sand mould using

split pattern
SHEET METAL EXERCISES
Manufacturing of square tray using
15 shearing and bending operations.
Manufacturing of funnel using shearing

16 and bending operations.
Manufacturing of sheet metal components

17
using metal spinning on a lathe
CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS- EXERCISES
18 Bush turning using Turret lathe
Machining V block using shaping

19
machine

STUDY– exercises
EX. No. 01 INTRODUCTION TO MACHINING OPERATIONS

Date:
1.1. Objectives
To study the following
 Types of Lathe Operations
 Types of Shaper Operations
 Types of Drilling Operations
 Types of Milling Operations
1.2. Types of Lathe Operations
Various operations are performed in a lathe other than plain turning. They are
1. Facing 7. Undercutting
2. Turning 8. Eccentric turning
a. Straight turning 9. Taper turning
b. Step turning 10. Thread cutting
3. Chamfering 11. Drilling
4. Grooving 12. Reaming
5. Forming 13. Boring
6. Knurling 14. Tapping

1.2.1. Facing
Facing is the operation of machining the ends of a piece of work to produce flat
surface square with the axis. The operation involves feeding the tool perpendicular to the
axis of rotation of the work. Facing operation is illustrated in Fig.
1.2.2. Turning
Turning in a lathe is to remove excess material from the workpiece to produce a

cylindrical surface of required shape and size.
1.2.3. Straight turning
The work is turned straight when it is made to rotate about the lathe axis and the
tool is fed parallel to the lathe axis. The straight turning produces a cylindrical surface by
removing excess metal from the workpieces.
1.2.4. Step turning

Step turning is the process of turning different surfaces having different diameters.
The work is held between centres and the tool is moved parallel to the axis of the lathe. It
is also called shoulder turning.
1.2.5. Chamfering
Chamfering is the operation of bevelling the extreme end of the workpiece. The form
tool used for taper turning may be used for this purpose. Chamfering is an essential
operation after thread cutting so that the nut may pass freely on the threaded workpiece
1.2.6. Knurling
Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped pattern on the surface of the
workpiece. The knurling tool holder has one or two hardened steel rollers with edges of
required pattern. The tool holder is pressed against the rotating work. The rollers emboss
the required pattern. The tool holder is fed automatically to the required length.
Knurls are available in coarse, medium and fine pitches. The patterns may be
straight, inclined or diamond shaped.
1.2.7. Eccentric turning

If a cylindrical workpiece has two separate axes of rotating, one being out of centre
to the other, the workpiece is termed as eccentric and turning of different surfaces of the
workpiece is known as eccentric turning. Eccentric turning is shown in Fig. The
distance between the axes is known as offset. Eccentric turning may also be done on some
special machines. If the offset distance is more, the work is held by means of special
centres. If the offset between the centres is small, two sets of centres are marked on the
faces of the work. The work is held and rotated between each set of centres to machine the
eccentric surfaces.
1.2.8. Taper turning
Taper
A taper may be defined as a uniform increase or decrease in diameter of a piece of
work measured along its length.
Taper turning methods
1. Form tool method

2. Compound rest method
3. Tailstock setover method
4. Taper turning attachment method
5. Combined feed method
(i) Form tool method
A broad nose tool is ground to the required length and angle. It is set on the work by
providing feed to the cross-slide. When the tool is fed into the work at right angles to the
lathe axis, a tapered surface is generated.
This method is limited to turn short lengths of taper only. The length of the taper is
shorter than the length of the cutting edge. Less feed is given as the entire cutting edge will
be in contact with the work.
(ii) Compound rest method
The compound rest of the lathe is attached to a circular base graduated in degrees,
which may be swiveled and clamped at any desired angle.
The angle of taper is calculated using the formula
D-d
tan Ø = ----------
2l
Where
D – Larger diameter
d – Smaller diameter
l – Length of the taper
Ø - Half taper angle
The compound rest is swiveled to the angle calculated as above and clamped. Feed
is given to the compund slide to generate the required taper
(iii) Tailstock setover method
Turning taper by the setover method is done by shifting the axis of rotation of the
workpiece at an angle to the lathe axis and feeding the tool parallel to the lathe axis. The
construction of tailstock is designed to have two parts namely the base and the body. The
base is fitted on the bed guideways and the body having the dead centre can be moved at
cross to shift the lathe axis.
The amount of setover –(s), can be calculated as follows
D-d
s = L x --------
2l
Where
s - Amount of setover D – Larger diameter

d – Smaller diameter L - Length of the work
l – Length of the taper
The dead centre is suitably shifted from its original position to the calculated
distance. The work is held between centres and longitudinal feed is given by the carriage
to generate the taper The advantage of this method is that the taper can be turned to the
entire length of the work. Taper threads can also be cut by this method.
The amount of setover being limited, this method is suitable for turning small tapers
(approx. upto 8°). Internal tapers cannot be done by this method.]
(iv) Taper attachment method

The taper attachment consists of a bracket which is attached to the rear end of the
lathe bed. It supports a guide bar pivoted at the centre. The bar having graduation in
degrees may be swiveled on either side of the zero graduation and set at the desired angle
to the lathe axis. A guide block is mounted on the guide bar and slides on it. The cross
slide is made free from its screw by removing the binder screw. The rear end of the cross
slide is tightened with the guide block by means of a bolt. When the longitudinal feed is
engaged, the tool mounted on the cross slide will follow the angular path as the guide
block will slide on the guide bar set at an angle of the lathe axis. The depth of cut is
provided by the compound slide which is set parallel to the cross-slide.
(v) Combined feed method
Feed is given to the tool by the carriage and the cross-slide at the same time to move
the tool at resultant direction to turn tapers.
1.2.9 Thread cutting

Thread cutting is one of the most important operations performed in a lathe. The
process of thread cutting is to produce a helical groove on a cylindrical surface by feeding
the tool longitudinally.
1. The job is revolved between centres or by a chuck. The longitudinal feed should be
equal to the pitch of the thread to be cut per revolution of the work piece.
The advantage of this method is that long tapers can be machined. As power feed
can be employed, the work is completed at a shorter time. The disadvantage of this method
is that internal tapers cannot be machined.
2. The carriage should be moved longitudinally obtaining feed through the leadscrew
of the lathe.
3. A definite ratio between the longitudinal feed and rotation of the headstock spindle
should be found out. Suitable gears with required number of teeth should be mounted on
the spindle and the leadscrew.
4. A proper thread cutting tool is selected according to the shape of the thread. It is
mounted on the toolpost with its cutting edge at the lathe axis and perpendicular to the axis
of the work.
5. The position of the tumbler gears are adjusted according to the type of the thread
(right hand or left hand).
6. Suitable spindle speed is selected and it is obtained through back gears.
7. Half nut lever is engaged at the right point as indicated by the thread chasing dial.
8. Depth of cut is set suitably to allow the tool to make a light cut on the work.
9. When the cut is made for the required length, the half nut lever is disengaged. The
carriage is brought back to its original position and the above procedure is repeated until
the required depth of the thread is achieved.
10. After the process of thread cutting is over, the thread is checked by suitable
Gauges
1.2.10. Grooving
Grooving is the process of cutting a narrow goove on the cylindrical surface of the
workpiece. It is often done at end of a thread or adjacent to a shoulder to leave a small
margin. The groove may be square, radial or bevelled in shape
1.2.11 Forming
Forming is a process of turning a convex, concave or any irregular shape. For turning
a small length formed surface, a forming tool having cutting edges conforming to the
shape required is fed straight into the work.
1.2.12 Undercutting
Undercutting is done
(i) at the end of a hole
(ii) near the shoulder of stepped cylindrical surfaces
(iii) at the end of the threaded portion in bolts
It is a process of enlarging the diameter if done internally and reducing the diameter
if done externally over a short length. It is useful mainly to make fits perfect. Boring tools
and parting tools are used for this operation.
2.1 Operations performed in a shaping machine
Different types of operations are performed in a shaping machine. They are broadly
classified as 1. Regular operations 2. Special operations
2.2.1 Machining horizontal surfaces
A shaper is mostly used to machine a flat, true surface on a work piece. Horizontal
surfaces are machined by moving the work mounted on the machine table at a cross
direction with respect to the ram movement. The clapper box can be set vertical or slightly
inclined towards the uncut surface. This arrangement enables the tool to lift automatically
during the return stroke. The tool will not drag on the machined surface
2.2.2 Machining vertical surfaces
A vertical cut is made while machining the end of a workpiece, squaring up a block or
machining ashoulder. The feed is given to the tool by rotating the downfeed screw of the
vertical slide. The table is not moved vertically for this purpose. The apron is swiveled
away from the vertical surface being machined as shown in the diagram.\
2.3 Special operations

Apart from machining horizontal, vertical and vertical flat surfaces, the shaping
machine can do some special machining operations
2.3.1 Machining dove tail groove
Dove tail joint is machined on two separate pieces of work as male and female
elements. The required shape is marked on the face of the work and the unwanted metal is
first removed by the round nose tool. A special form tool is used to finish the machining.
2.3.2 Machining a ‘V’ block
The required shape of a ‘V’ block is marked on the face of the work and machining
is done by any suitable method of angular machining.
2.3.3 Machining a tongue and groove joint
The male and female elements of the tongue and groove joint having vertical surfaces
is machined after the exact shape is marked on the face of the work.
Various shaper operations

1. Inclined surface 2. Concave surface 3. ‘V’ groove 4. Deep slot 5. Horizontal surface
6. Vertical surface 7. Step cut surface
2.3.4 Machining external keyways
Machining external keyways refers to the cutting of long slots along the length of
cylindrical rods. Initially a round nose tool is used and then a square nose tool is used to
finish the operation. A hole of depth equal to the depth of the keyway is made at the blind
end to leave a clearance to the tool at the end of the stroke. When a keyway is cut at the
middle of the shaft, holes are drilled at both ends of the keyway.
2.3.5 Machining internal keyways

Internal keyways are cut inside the holes of gears and pulleys. It is done by holding
the tool on a special tool holder called ‘snout bar’. The snout bar is directly fitted on the
the clapper block.
2.3.6 T-slot machining

The shape of the T-slot is marked on the face of the work. A parting off tool is fitted
on the toolpost and a rectangular slot is machined at the middle for the required depth
3. 1. Types of Drilling Operations
Though drilling is the primary operation performed in a drilling machine, a number of

similar operations are also performed on holes using different tools.The different
operations that can be performed in a drilling machine are:
1. Drilling 6. Spot facing
2. Reaming 7. Tapping
3. Boring 8. Trepanning
4. Counterboring
5. Countersinking
3.1.1 Drilling
Drilling is the operation of producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and
depth by removing metal by the rotating edge of a cutting tool called drill. Drilling is
one of the simplest methods of producing a hole. Drilling does not produce an
accurate hole in a workpiece. The internal surface of the hole generated by drilling
becomes rough and the hole is always slightly oversize due to vibration of the spindle
and the drill. A hole made by a drill of size 12mm will measure approximately upto
12.125mm and by a drill of size 22mm will measure upto 22.5mm.
3.1.2 Reaming
The size of hole made by drilling may not be accurate and the internal surface will not
be smooth. Reaming is an accurate way of sizing and finishing a hole which has been
previously drilled by a multi point cutting tool known as reamer.The surface obtained
by reaming will be smoother and the size accurate. The speed of the spindle is made
half that of drilling. Reaming removes very small amount of metal ( approx 0.375
mm). In order to finish a hole and bring it to the accurate size,the hole is drilled
slightly undersize.
3.1.3 Boring
Boring is the operation enlarging the diameter of the previously made hole. It is done
for the following reasons.
1. To enlarge a hole by means of an adjustable cutting tool. This is done when a
suitable sized drill is not available or the hole diameter is so large that is cannot be
ordinarily drilled.
2. To finish a hole accurately and bring it to the required size

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB-I-MANUAL
3. To machine the internal surface of the hole already produced in casting
4. To correct out of roundness of the hole
5. To correct the location of the hole as the boring tool follows independent path with
respect to the hole Boring tool is a tool with only one cutting edge. The tool is held in
a boring bar which has a taper shank to fit into the spindle or a socket. For perfectly
finishing a hole, the job is drilled undersize slightly. Boring operation in some precise
drilling machine is performed to enlarge the holes to an accuracy of 0.00125mm. The
spindle speed during boring should be adjusted to be lesser than that of reaming
3.1.4 Counterboring
Counterboring is the operation of enlarging the end of the hole

cylindrically. The enlarged hole formsa square shoulder with the original hole. This is
necessary in some cases to accommodate the heads of bolts, studs and pins. The tool
used for counter boring is known as counter bore. The counterbores are made with
cutting edges which may be straight or spiral. The cutting speed for counterboring is
atleast 25% lesser than that of drilling
3.1.5 Countersinking
Countersinking is the operation of making a cone shaped enlargement at the end of the
hole. The included angle of the conical surface may be in the range of 60° to 90°. It is
used to provide recess for a flat headed screw or a counter sunk rivet fitted into the
hole. The tool used for counter sinking is known as a countersink.

3.1.6 Spot facing
Spot facing is the operation of smoothing and squaring the surface around a hole. It is
done to provide proper seating for a nut or the head of a screw. A counterbore or a
special spot facing tool may be employed for this purpose.
3.1.7 Tapping
Tapping is the operation of cutting internal threads by means of a cutting tool called
‘tap’. Tapping in a drilling machine may be performed by hand or by power. When
the tap is screwed into the hole, it removes metal and cuts internal threads which will
fit into external threads of the same size
3.1.8 Trepanning
Trepanning is the operation of producing a hole in sheet metal by removing metal
along the circumference of a hollow cutting tool. Trepanning operation is performed

for producing large holes. Fewer chips are removed and much of the material is saved
while the hole is produced. The tool may be operated at higher speeds. The speed
depends upon the diameter of the hole to be made. The tool resembles a hollow tube
having cutting edges at one end and a solid shank at the other to fit into the drill
spindle.
4.1 Fundamental milling processes

The various milling processes may be grouped under two headings:
1. Peripheral milling 2. Face milling
4.1.2 Peripheral milling
The machining is performed by the cutting edges on the periphery of the milling
cutter.
It is classified under two headings
1. Up milling 2. Down milling
4.1.2.1 Up milling
In this method, the workpiece mounted on the table is fed against the direction of
rotation of the milling cutter. The cutting force is minimum during the beginning of
the cut and maximum at the end of cut. The thickness of chip is more at the end of the
cut. As the cutting force is directed upwards, it tends to lift the workpiece from the
fixtures. A difficulty is felt in pouring coolant on the cutting edge. Due to these
reasons the quality of the surface obtained by this method is wavy. This processes
being safer is commonly used and sometimes called conventional milling.
4.1.2.2 Down milling
The workpiece mounted on the table is moved in the same direction as that of the
rotation of the milling cutter. The cutting force is maximum at the beginning and
minimum at
the end of cut. The chip thickness is more at the beginning of the cut. The workpiece
is not
disturbed because of the bite of the cutter on the work. The coolant directly reaches to
the
cutting point. So the quality of surface finish obtained is high. Because of the backlash
error
between the feed screw of the table and the nut, vibration is setup on the workpiece.

4.1.3.Face milling and end milling
During face milling, the machining is performed by the peripheral cutting edges. The
surface obtained by the processes is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cutter.
End milling is a process of the machining by milling cutters which have cutting edges
both on the end face and on the periphery.
4.2. Milling machine operations

The following operations are performed using suitable milling cutters.
1. Plain milling 9. Flute milling
2. Face milling 10. Keyway milling
3. Side milling 11. Drilling & reaming
4. Straddle milling 12. Boring
5. Angular milling 13. Gear cutting
6. Gang milling 14. Thread milling
7. Form milling 15. Cam milling
8. End milling
4.2.1. Plain milling

It is the operation of production of a flat surface parallel to the axis of rotation of the
cutter. It is also called as slab milling. Plain milling cutters and slab milling cutters are
used to perform this operation
4.2.2 Face milling

The face milling is the operation performed by the face milling cutter rotated about an
axis at right angles to the work surface. End mills and side & face milling cutter are
also used at times to perform this operation.
4.2.3 Side milling

Side milling is the operation of machining a vertical surface on the side of a
workpiece by using a side milling cutter.
4.2.4 Straddle milling

It is the operation of production of two vertical surfaces on both sides of the work by
two side milling cutters mounted on the same arbor. By using suitable spacing collars,
the distance between the two cutters is adjusted correctly. The straddle milling is
commonly used to produce square or hexagonal surfaces.
4.2.5 Angular milling

Production of an angular surface on a workpiece other than at right angles to the axis
of the milling machine spindle is known as angular milling. Example of angular
milling is the production of the ‘V’ blocks.

4.2.6 Gang milling
It is the operation of machining several surfaces of work simultaneously by feeding
the table against a number of cutters (either of same type or of different type) mounted
on the arbor of the machine. This method saves much of machining time and mostly
used in production work.
4.2.7 Form milling

The form milling is the operation of production of irregular contours by using form
cutters. Machining convex and concave surfaces and gear cutting are some examples
of form milling
4.2.8 End milling

It is the operation of producing a flat surface which may be vertical, horizontal or at
an angle to the table surface. The end milling is performed by a cutter known as an
end mill. End milling is mostly performed in a vertical milling machine.
4.2.9 Flute milling

Flute milling is performed by selecting a suitable cutter in a milling machine. The
flutes found on the drills, reamers and taps are machined by this method.
4.2.10 Keyway milling

The operation of production of keyways, grooves and slots of different shapes and
sizes can be performed in a milling machine by using a plain milling cutter, a metal
slitting saw, an end mill or by a side milling cutter.
4.2.11 Drilling and reaming

The operation of drilling and reaming are performed in a milling machine by
mounting drills and reamers into the spindle of the machine.
4.2.12 Boring
A single point cutting tool is mounted on the arbor to perform boring. By adjusting
the single point cutting tool radially, different diameters of bores are machined.
4.2.13 Gear cutting

Gear cutting operation is performed in a milling machine by using a form cutter. The
work is held between centers on a universal dividing head. A proper gear cutter is
selected and the teeth are cut by DP, module method.
4.2.14 Thread milling

This operation is performed in a special thread milling machine by rotating both the
work and the cutter. Several cuts are made to cut the threads to their depth
4.2.15 Cam milling

Cam milling is the operation of producing cams in a milling machine with the use of a
universal dividing head and a vertical milling attachment. It is performed by end mills
on the cam blank.
Ex.No.2 INTRODUCTION TO LATHE MACHINE
Date:
Bed
Bed is mounted on the legs of the lathe which are bolted to the floor. It forms the base
of the machine. It is made of cast iron and its top surface is machined accurately and
precisely. Headstock of the lathe is located at the extreme left of the bed and the tailstock at
the right extreme. Carriage is positioned in between the headstock and tailstock and slides
on the bed guideways.
The top of the bed has flat or ‘V’ shaped guideways. The tailstock and the carriage
slides on these guideways. Inverted ‘V’ shaped guideways are useful in better guide and
accurate alignment of saddle and tailstock. The metal burrs resulting from turning operation
automatically fall through. Flat bed guideways can be found in older machine tools. It is
useful in heavy machines handling large workpieces. But then the accuracy is not high.
Headstock
Headstock is mounted permanently on the inner guideways at the left hand side of
the leg bed. The headstock houses a hollow spindle and the mechanism for driving the
spindle at multiple speeds. The headstock will have any of the following arrangements for
driving and altering the spindle speeds
(i) Stepped cone pulley drive
(ii) Back gear drive
(iii) All gear drive
Spindle
The spindle rotates on two large bearings housed on the headstock casting. A hole
extends through the spindle so that a long bar stock may be passed through the hole. The
front end of the spindle is threaded on which chucks, faceplate, driving plate and catch plate
are screwed. The front end of the hole is tapered to receive live center which supports the
work. On the other side of the spindle, a gear known as a spindle gear is fitted. Through this
gear, tumbler gears and a main gear train, the power is transmitted to the gear on the
leadscrew
Tailstock
Tailstock is located on the inner guideways at the right side of the bed opposite to the
headstock. The body of the tailstock is bored and houses the tailstock spindle or ram. The
spindle moves front and back inside the hole. The spindle has a taper hole to receive the
dead centre or shanks of tools like drill or reamer. If the tailstock handwheel is rotated in
the clockwise direction, the spindle advances. The spindle will be withdrawn inside the
hole, if the handwheel is rotated in anti-clockwise direction.
To remove the dead centre or any other tool from the spindle, the handwheel is
rotated in anticlockwise direction further. The movement of the spindle inside the hole may
be locked by operating the spindle clamp located on top of the tailstock.In order to hold
workpieces of different lengths, the tailstock can be locked at any desired position on the
lathe bed. Tailstock clamping bolts and clamping pates are used for this purpose.
Tailstock is designed to function as two units-the base and the body. The base of the
tailstock is clamped to the bed. The body is placed on the base and can be made to slide
sidewards-perpendicular to the bed guideways upto a certain distance
The uses of tailstock

1. It supports the other end of the long workpiece when it is machined between
centres.
2. It is useful in holding tools like drills, reamers and taps when performing drilling,
reaming and tapping.
3. The dead centre is off set by a small distance from the axis of the lathe to turn
tapers by set over method.
4. It is useful in setting the cutting tool at correct height aligning the cutting edge with
lathe axis.
Carriage
Carriage is located between the headstock and tailstock on the lathe bed guideways.
It can be moved along the bed either towards or away from the headstock. It has several
parts to support, move and control the cutting tool. The parts of the carriage are :
a) saddle
b) apron
c) cross-slide
d) compound rest
Cross slide:
Cross-slide is situated on the saddle and slides on the dovetail guideways at right
angles to the bed guideways. It carries compound rest, compound slide and tool post. Cross
slide handwheel is rotated to move it at right angles to the lathe axis. It can also be power
driven. The cross slide hand wheel is graduated on its rim to enable to give known amount of
feed as accurate as 0.05mm.
Compound rest:
Compound rest is a part which connects cross slide and compound slide. It is mounted
on the cross-slide by tongue and groove joint. It has a circular base on which angular
graduations are marked. The compound rest can be swiveled to the required angle while
turning tapers. A top slide known as compound slide is attached to the compound rest by
dove tail joint. The tool post is situated on the compound slide.
Tool post:
This is located on top of the compound slide. It is used to hold the tools rigidly. Tools
are selected according to the type of operation and mounted on the tool post and adjusted
to a convenient working position. There are different types of tool posts and they are:
1. Single screw tool post
2. Four bolt tool post
3. Four way tool post
4. Open side tool post
Single screw tool post
The tool is held by a screw in this toolpost. It consists of a round bar with a slotted
hole in the centre for fixing the tool by means of a setscrew. A concave ring and a convex
rocker are used to set the height of the tool point at the right position. The tool fits on the
flat top surface of the rocker. The tool post is not rigid enough for heavy works as only one
clamping screw is used to clamp the tool. A single screw toolpost is illustrated in Fig 1.6
Four way tool post
This type of tool post can accommodate four tools at a time on the four open sides of
the post. The tools are held in position by separate screws and a locking bolt is located at
the centre. The required tool may be set for machining by swiveling the tool post.
Machining can be completed in a shorter time because the required tools are pre-set.
e) compound slide
f) tool post
SPECIFICATION OF LATHE
The size of a lathe is specified by the following points
1. The length of the bed
2. Maximum distance between live and dead centres.
3. The height of centres from the bed
4. The swing diameter
The swing diameter over bed - It refers to the largest diameter of the
work that will be rotated without touching the bed
The swing diameter over carriage - It is the largest diameter of the work that
will revolve over the saddle.
5. The bore diameter of the spindle
6. The width of the bed
7. The type of the bed
8. Pitch value of the lead screw
9. Horse power of the motor
10. Number and range of spindle speeds
11. Number of feeds
12. Spindle nose diameter
13. Floor space required
14. The type of the machine
METAL CUTTING PARAMETERS-LATHE
The cutting speed of a tool is the speed at which the metal is removed by the tool
from the work piece. In a lathe, it is the peripheral speed of the work past the cutting
tool expressed in meters/minute
(i) Cutting speed (V) = π DN/1000, m/min
Where, D = Diameter of the work in min
N = RPM of the work
(ii) Feed:
The feed of a cutting tool in a Lathe work is the distance the tool
advances for each revolution of the work. Feed is expressed in mm/rev.
(iii) Depth of cut:
The depth is the perpendicular distance measured from the machined
surface to the uncut surface of the work piece.
While using HSS tool for turning mild steel work piece. The following
parameters are to be chosen.
(iv) Rough Turning Operation:
Cutting speed (V) = 25m/min,
feed(f) = 0.2 mm/rev,
Depth of cut(t) = 1 mm
(v) Finish turning operation:
Cutting speed (V) = 40m/min,
feed(f) = 0.1 mm/rev,
Depth of cut(t) = 0.2 mm
(vi) Tool geometry:
Back rake angle = 70,
End relief angle = 60
Side relief angle = 60,
End cutting edge angle = 150
Side cutting edge angle = 150,
Nose radius = 2 mm

Ex.No.3 INTRODUCTION TO SHAPER MACHINE
Date:
Base
It is rigid and heavy cast iron body to resist vibration and takes up high compressive load. It
supports all other parts of the machine, which are mounted over it. The base may be rigidly
bolted to the floor of the shop or on the bench according to the size of the machine.
Column
The column is a box shaped casting mounted upon the base. It houses the ram-driving
mechanism. Two accurately machined guide ways are provided on the top of the column on
which the ram reciprocates.
Cross rail
Cross rail of shaper has two parallel guide ways on its top in the vertical plane that is
perpendicular to the rai1 axis. It is mounted on the front vertical guide ways of the column.
It consists mechanism for raising and lowering the table to accommodate different sizes of
jobs by rotating an elevating screw which causes the cross rail to slide up and down on the
vertical face of the column. A horizontal cross feed screw is fitted within the cross rail and
parallel to the top guide ways of the cross rail. This screw actuates the table to move in a
crosswise direction
Saddle
The saddle is located on the cross rail and holds the table on its top. Crosswise movement of
the saddle by rotation the cross feed screw by hand or power causes the table to move
sideways.
Table
The table is a box like casting having T -slots both on the top and sides for clamping the
work. It is bolted to the saddle and receives crosswise and vertical movements from the
saddle and cross rail.

Ram
It is the reciprocating part of the shaper, which reciprocates on the guideways provided above
the column. Ram is connected to the reciprocating mechanism contained within the column.
Tool head
The tool head of a shaper performs the following functions-
(1) It holds the tool rigidly,
(2) It provides vertical and angular feed movement of the tool, and
(3) It allows the tool to have an automatic relief during its return stroke.
The various parts of tool head of shaper are apron clamping bolt, clapper box, tool post, down
feed, screw micrometer dial, down feed screw, vertical slide, apron washer, apron swivel pin,
and swivel base. By rotating the down feed screw handle, the vertical slide carrying the tool
gives down feed or angular feed movement while machining vertical or angular surface. The
amount of feed or depth of cut may be adjusted by a micrometer dial on the top of the down
feed screw. Apron consisting of clapper box, clapper block and tool post is clamped upon the
vertical slide by a screw. The two vertical walls on the apron called clapper box houses the
clapper block, which is connected to it by means of a hinge pin. The tool post is mounted
upon the clapper block. On the forward cutting stroke the clapper block fits securely to the
clapper box to make a rigid tool support. On the return stroke a slight frictional drag of the
tool on the work lifts the block out of the clapper box a sufficient amount preventing the tool
cutting edge from dragging and consequent wear. The work surface is also prevented from
any damage due to dragging.
SPECIFICATION OF A SHAPER
The size of a shaper is specified by the maximum length of stroke or cut it can make. Usually
the size of shaper ranges from 175 to 900 mm. Besides the length of stroke, other particulars,
such as the type of drive (belt drive or individual motor drive), floor space required, weight of
the machine, cutting to return stroke ratio, number and amount of feed, power input etc. are
also sometimes required for complete specification of a shaper.
METAL CUTTING PARAMETERS-SHAPER
Cutting speed
The distance an object travels in a particular period of time is known as speed. In a
shaper, the cutting speed is the speed at which the metal is removed by the cutting tool in a
period of one minute. In a shaper, the cutting speed is considered only during the forward
cutting stroke. This is expressed in metre per minute.
The cutting speed differs to suit different different machining conditions like work
material, the finish required, the type of the tool and the rigidity of the machine.
Depth of cut
Depth of cut (t) is the thickness of metal that is removed during machining. It is the
perpendicular distance measured between the machined surface and the uncut surface of the
workpiece. It is expressed in mm or in inches.
Feed
Feed (S) is the relative movement of the work or tool in a direction perpendicular to
the axis of reciprocation of the ram per double stroke. It is expressed in mm per stroke.

LATHE- EXERCISES

Ex No. 4. MACHINING AND MACHINING TIME ESTIMATION FOR TAPER TURNING
AIM
To obtain the required shape and size of the work piece by taper turning operation.
MATERIAL SUPPLIED
Cylindrical work piece of diameter …….. mm and length ……….. mm mild steel rod.
TOOLS REQUIRED
1. Lathe
2. Chuck Key
3. Cutting Tool
4. Try Square
5. Scriber
6. Vernier caliper
7. Vernier height gauge
8. Spanner
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
1. Checking the dimensions
2. Setting the work pieces
3. Setting the tool
4. Taper turning
WORKING STEPS
1. The given work piece is checked for its dimensions
2. The work piece is held in the chuck; Chuck key is used to tighten the work piece
firmly, ensuring the centering of the job
3. The single point cutting tool is held in the tool post and tightens the nuts of tool
using spanner
4. Keep the cutting tool away from the work piece and switch on the lathe
5. Facing and turning is done to get the required length and the diameter of the work
piece
6. Taper angle is calculated using the formula
7. The compound rest base is swiveled and set at half taper angle which is already
calculated
8. Cutting tool is moved at an angle to the lathe axis from right to left in stages. Tool is
moved by hand wheel of the compound rest
9. Finally the dimensions of work piece are again checked

Machining Time Estimation for Taper Turning:
 Determine the length of cut by proper selection of amount of approach, A (2 ~ 5 mm)

and over run, O (1 to 3 mm), if required
 Select the approximate values of VC and so based on the tool – work materials and other
factors previously mentioned [depth of cut is decided based on the machining allowance
available and the final diameter desired]
 Determine the spindle speed, N using equation and then fix N as well as s o from the chart
giving the lists of N and so available in that lathe
 Finally determine TC using equation given below
Where L= Length of the work piece
Number of passes used is generally one or maximum two (one for roughing and one for finishing.)

RESULT
Thus the required taper is obtained in the given work piece by compound rest method
Ex No. 5. MACHINING AND MACHINING TIME ESTIMATION FOR THREAD CUTTING

Date:
AIM
To perform single start V thread cutting operations on the given job
MATERIALS REQUIRED
25 mm diameter, 100 mm length – Mild steel round rod
TOOLS REQUIRED
Single point cutting tool, V-thread tool, Chuck key, Spanner
MEASURING TOOL
Steel Rule, Vernier Caliper, outside caliper
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
 Job setting
 Tool setting
 Facing
 Plain turning
 Marking
 Thread cutting
PROCEDURE
Job setting:
The job is held in three jaw automatic chuck and is tightened by using chuck key such
that ¾ of the length is projected outside the chuck
Tool setting:
The single point cutting tool is held on the tool post. The tool is adjusted so that the tool
tip must coincide with the lath axis. This can be done by keeping the tip nearer to the dead
center of tailstock and then adjusted.
Facing:
Facing is an operation on lathe which is used to bring the length of the cylinder to
required dimension. Rough facing is done first and then smooth facing is done

Plain turning
Now carriage is moved parallel to the job by giving a depth of cut by means of cross
slide. Reducing the diameter to the required shape does the turning
Marking:
Chalk is applied on the surface of the job by using Jenny caliper, Mark the required
dimensions on the job
Thread cutting procedure:
1. The job is either mounted between centers or held in chuck
2. The job is turned to the size of the major diameter of the thread to be cut
3. The accurately shaped thread tool is checked with the help of thread template or
centre gauge and mounted in the tool post (It must be ensured that the top of the
cutting tool is horizontal and is in line with the axis of the rotation of the job)
4. Calculate the change gear calculation as follows
P=LxI
Where, P= pitch of the screw thread
L=Pitch of the Lead screw
I= change gear ratio
I= (z1/Z2) x (z3/Z4) = P / L
Z1 & Z2 = Number of teeth on driver gears
Z1 & Z2 = Number of teeth on driver gears
5. The driver and driven gears are changed according the calculation. ( The speed of the
job is reduced to one third or one fourth of the job speed used in turning operation)
6. To start cutting a thread, the tool is fed inward until it first scratches the surface of
the job.
7. The graduated dial on the cross slide is noted or set to zero
8. The spilt nut (half nut) is then engaged and the tool moves over the desired job
length. At the end of the tool travel, it is quickly withdrawn by means of cross slide.
9. The split nut is disengaged and the carriage is returned to the starting portion, for the
next cut.
10. The successive cuts are continued until the thread reaches its desired depth
11. Finally the dimensions of the work piece and pitch of the thread are again checked
Note:
-The tool can be fed radially or at an angle of 290 by swiveling the compound rest
- The depth of the first cut is usually 0.25 to 0.40 mm. This is gradually decreased
for the successive cuts until for the final finishing cut; it is usually 0.027 to 0.075
mm
- For right hand thread, the lead screw rotates in clock wise direction and for left
hand thread; it rotates in anti clock wise direction

Change Gear Calculation
 Longitudinal feed of the tool = Pitch of the thread to be cut per revolution of the
work piece
 `A definite ratio between the longitudinal feed and rotation of the headstock
spindle
should be found out so that the relative speeds of rotation of the work and the
lead screw will result in the cutting of a thread of the desired pitch.
This is affected by change gears arranged between the spindle and the lead screw
Pitch of the thread to be cut = Driver teeth = speed of the lead screw
……………………………. ..…………..
………………………..
Pitch of the lead screw Driven teeth Speed of the spindle
Pitch of the lead screw = …………………. mm

Pitch of the thread to be cut = ………………. mm
Driver teeth
..………….. = ………..
Driven teeth
Driven teeth = …………….. times of the Driver teeth

Speed of the spindle = ……………….. times of the lead screw

Machining Time Estimation for Thread cutting:
Number of passes used is generally one or maximum two (one for roughing and one for finishing.)
RESULT
Thus the required size and shape of the given work piece is obtained by thread cutting
operation.

Ex No.6. MACHINING AND MACHINING TIME ESTIMATION FOR INTERNAL THREAD
CUTTING
AIM
To perform the facing, plain turning, drilling and internal thread cutting operation on the the
given job
MATERIALREQUIRED
55 mm diameter * 25 mm length – mild steel cylindrical rod.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Single point cutting tool, single point boring tool, internal thread cutting tool, chuck key ,
spanner
MEASURING TOOLS
Steel rule, vernier caliper, jenny caliper and outside caliper.
SEQUENCEI OF OPERATION
Job setting
Tool setting
Facing
Plain turning
Marking
Drilling
Boring
Thread cutting

PROCEDURE:
Job setting:
The job setting is held in the chuck and is tightened by using chuck key such that ¾ of the length is
projected outside of the chuck.
Tool setting:
The single point cutting tool is held on the toll post. The tool is adjusted so that the tool tip must
coincide with the lathe axis. This is can be done by keeping the tip nearer to the dead center of
tailstock and then adjusted.
Facing:
Facing is on operation on lathe, which is used to bring the length of the cylinder to required
dimension. Rough facing is done first and then smooth facing is done.
Plain turning:
Now the carriage is moved parallel to the job by giving a depth of cut by means of cross slide. This is
done for reducing the outer diameter to the required dimension.
Marking
Chalk is applied on the surface of the job. By using jenny caliper, mark the required dimension on the
job
Drilling
The drill bit of required dimension is fitted in the tail stock and center hole is made by drilling
operation.
Boring
When the internal surface of a hollow part is turned that is a single point tool is used for enlarging a
hole. The operation is called boring. The single single point tool for this purpose is mounted on a bar
called “boring bar” The drilled hole is finished by boring operation. Boring is done for precision
sizing, location and surface finish accuracy.
CUTTING INTERNAL THREAD
Internal threads are cut in the same general way as the external threads. However, the
cutting is more difficult because one can’t see the cutting operation. Also it is not possible to hold
the tool so rigidly. A forged long tool can be used with the end group the same way as for external
thread cutting. The cutting edge may need a little more end relief to keep the bottom of the tool
from rubbing bar if the hole is large enough. A center gauge is used for grinding the tool setting it.
Setting up the Lathe
I. The size of the hole to be threaded must be no smaller than miner diameter of the thread.
This would give a full depth of thread.
II. If the thread is cut only part way through the hole it is good to cut recess at the end of the
thread. This recess should equal to a depth of the thread this will permit as to release the
split nut without turning in the cross feed
III. Set the compound rest to 30 degrees to the left of (clock wise) cross feed. (this is just the
opposite of the setting for external threading)
IV. Fasten the threading tool in holder or boring bar
56
V. Hold the center gauge against the face surface or side of the work piece adjusts the tool on
center and at right angles to the work piece. To set the tool at center height, use the surface
gauge scriber point.
VI. ( if the thread is cut openly partially through the hole move the carriage by hand to the point
where the thread will end. Mark the line on the lathe bed with a piece of chalk or a pencil.
During thread cutting, this reference line will indicate that the tool bit has reached the end
opf the thread length so that the operator can open split nut lever and stop carriage)
Cutting the threads
Set the micro meter collar of the cross feed a zero.
a. Turn the compound rest feed out until the point of tool just touches the work piece.
Set the micrometer collar at zero
b. Then the same general procedure is followed us explained for cutting the external
threads
Note:
1. The cross feed must be turned in rather than out when opening the split nut at the end of
the threading
2. If a recess was already machined at the end o=f the threaded area, the split nut can be
opened with put turning in the cross slide to stop the carriage however the cross feed must
be turned in before moving the carriage back for the next cut.
57
58
Change Gear Calculation
 Longitudinal feed of the tool = Pitch of the thread to be cut per revolution of
the work piece
 `A definite ratio between the longitudinal feed and rotation of the headstock
spindle
should be found out so that the relative speeds of rotation of the work and the
lead screw will result in the cutting of a thread of the desired pitch.
This is affected by change gears arranged between the spindle and the lead
screw
Pitch of the thread to be cut = Driver teeth = speed of the lead

screw
……………………………. ..…………..
………………………..
Pitch of the lead screw Driven teeth Speed of the
spindle
Pitch of the lead screw = …………………. mm

Pitch of the thread to be cut = ………………. mm
Driver teeth
..………….. = ………..
Driven teeth
Driven teeth = …………….. times of the Driver teeth

Speed of the spindle = ……………….. times of the lead screw
59
Machining Time Estimation for Boring:
60
Machining Time Estimation for Internal thread cutting:
Number of passes used is generally one or maximum two (one for roughing and one for
finishing.)
61
RESULT
Thus the facing, plain Turing, drilling, boring and internal thread cutting were performed on the
given work piece by using center lathe.
62
Ex No. 7. MACHINING AND MACHINING TIME ESTIMATION FOR KNURLING
Date:
AIM
To perform knurling operations on the given job
MATERIALS REQUIRED
TOOLS REQUIRED
Single point cutting tool, knurling tool, Chuck key, Spanner
MEASURING TOOL
 Job setting
 Tool setting
 Facing
 Plain turning
 Marking
 Knurling
KNURLING THEORY:
Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped pattern of the surface of a work
piece. The purpose of knurling is to provide an effective gripping surface on a work piece to
proven it from slipping when operated by hand. Knurling is performed by a special knurling
tool which consists of a set of hardened steel rollers in a holder with the teeth cut on their
surface in a definite pattern. The tool is held rigidly on the tool post and the rollers are
pressed against the revolving surface of work piece to squeeze the metal against the multiple
cutting edges, producing depressions in a regular pattern on the surface of the work piece.
Knurling is done at the slowest speed and oil is flowed on the tool and work piece. Knurling
is done at the slowest speed and oil is flowed on the tool and work piece to dissipate heat
generated during knurling. The feed varies from 1 to 2 mm per revolution.
63
64
PROCEDURE
Job setting:
The job is held in three jaw automatic chuck and is tightened by using chuck key such
that ¾ of the length is projected outside the chuck
Tool setting:
The single point cutting tool is held on the tool post. The tool is adjusted so that the
tool tip must coincide with the lath axis. This can be done by keeping the tip nearer to the
dead center of tailstock and then adjusted.
Facing:
Facing is an operation on lathe which is used to bring the length of the cylinder to
required dimension. Rough facing is done first and then smooth facing is done
Plain turning
Now carriage is moved parallel to the job by giving a depth of cut by means of cross
slide. Reducing the diameter to the required shape does the turning
Marking:
Chalk is applied on the surface of the job by using Jenny caliper, Mark the required
dimensions on the job
Knurling Procedure:
1. HSS single point cutting tool is replaced by the knurling tool and knurling
operation is performed at the slowest speed of the spindle.
2. The knurling tool with required pattern is selected and it is held tightly in the tool post
3. The knurling tool is pressed against the surface of the work piece and it produces
pattern on the surface of the work piece
65
Machining Time Estimation for Knurling:
finishing.)
RESULT
Thus the diamond shaped pattern is embossed on the surface of a work piece by
Knurling operation
66
EX No. 8 . MACHINING AND MACHINING TIME ESTIMATION FOR ECCENTRIC
Date: TURNING
AIM
To perform Eccentric turning operations on the given job
MATERIALS REQUIRED
TOOLS REQUIRED
Single point cutting tool, drill bit, reamer, Chuck key, Spanner
MEASURING TOOL
 Job setting
 Tool setting
 Packing
 Eccentric turning
 Marking
ECCENTRIC TURNING THEORY
If a cylindrical workpiece has two separate axes of rotating, one being out of centre
to the other, the workpiece is termed as eccentric and turning of different surfaces of
the workpiece is known as eccentric turning. Eccentric turning is shown in Fig. The
distance between the axes is known as offset. Eccentric turning may also be done on
some special machines. If the offset distance is more, the work is held by means of
special centres. If the offset between the centres is small, two sets of centres are
marked on the faces of the work. The work is held and rotated between each set of
centres to machine the eccentric surfaces.
67
Fig 1 & 2: The off-cut was placed between one of the 3 jaw chuck jaws
Fig 3: Finished part with simple eccentric
68
PROCEDURE
1. First a piece of bar was turned to the required outside diameter (22mm in this
example)
2. Next a piece of packing material was made to give the required offset for the
eccentric in the 3 jaw chuck
3. The calculations for this are given below
Packing = offset x 1.5
P = 5 x 1.5 = 7.5mm
The following formula gives a slightly more accurate result
Packing = 1.5 x offset x (1 - (1/8 x (Offset / Bar Diameter))).
Packing = 1.5 x 5 x (1 - (1/8 x (5 / 22))) = 7.29mm
This means that a piece of packing of 7.29mm against one jaw of the 3 jaw chuck
should give the required offset of 5mm.
4. The off-cut was placed between one of the 3 jaw chuck jaws
5. In this setting the hole for the axle was centre drilled, drilled and reamed to size
6. To finish the part was reversed in the chuck and the working surface was finished to
final thickness.
69
Machining Time Estimation for Eccentric turning:
finishing.)
RESULT
Thus the required size and shape of the given work piece is obtained by Eccentric
turning operation.
70
SHAPER -EXERCISES
Ex. No. 9. MACHINING OF HEXAGON IN SHAPING MACHINE

71
Date:
Aim: To machine a hexagon in the given work piece to the dimensions as shown in
the figure using Shaping Machine.
All dimensions are in ‘mm’
Tools Required:
Shaping Machine, Scriber, Divider, Steel Rule, Chalk piece, Bevel Protractor.
Procedure:
1. The given work piece is measured for its initial dimensions.
2. With the help of scriber, mark the hexagon dimensions in the work piece.
3. Fix the work piece in the vice of the shaping machine.
4. After fixing the work piece and the shaping tool, allow the ram to reciprocate.
5. Start the shaping process by giving the required depth by lowering the tool.
6. Slowly increase the depth of cut and repeat the procedure to make the hexagon
shape.
7. The work piece is now checked for final dimensions.
72
Machining time in shaping
73
Result:
Thus, a hexagon is machined in the given work piece to the dimensions as shown in
the figure using Shaping Machine.
74
Ex.No. 10 . MACHINING OF SQUARE IN SHAPING MACHINE
Date:
Aim: To machine a square in the given work piece to the dimensions as shown in the
figure using Shaping Machine.
All dimensions are in ‘mm’
Tools Required:
Shaping Machine, Scriber, Divider, Steel Rule, Chalk piece, Bevel Protractor.
Procedure:
1. The given workpiece is measured for its initial dimensions.
2. With the help of scriber, mark the square dimensions in the workpiece.
3. Fix the workpiece in the vice of the shaping machine.
4. After fixing the workpiece and the shaping tool, allow the ram to reciprocate.
5. Start the shaping process by giving the required depth by lowering the tool.
6. Slowly increase the depth of cut and repeat the procedure to make the square shape.
7. The work piece is now checked for final dimensions.
75
Machining time in shaping
Result:
Thus, a square is machined in the given work piece to the dimensions as shown in the
figure using Shaping Machine.
76
VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is a lathe?
Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required
shape &size
2. What is the various operations can be performed on a lathe?
Turning , Thread cutting, Grooving , Facing ,Drilling,
Forming , Boring ,Knurling , Recessing ,Chamfering , Tapping
3. What are principle parts of the lathe?
Bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, crossslide, toolpost
4. What are the types of headstock?
Back geared type, all geared type
5. State the various parts mounted on the carriage?
Saddle, compound rest, crossslide, tool post
6. What are the four types of tool post?
1. Single screw 2. Open side 3. Four bolt 4. Four way
7. What is an apron?
The integral part of several gears, levers clutches mounted with the saddle for moving
the carriage along with lead screw while thread cutting
8. State any two specification of lathe?
1. The height of centers from the bed 2. The maximum length of the bed
9. List any four types of lathe?
1. Engine lathe 2. Bench lathe 3. Tool room lathe
4. Semi automatic lathe 5. Automatic lathe
10. What is a semi-automatic lathe?
The lathe in which all the machining operations are performed automatically and
loading and unloading of work piece, coolant on or off is performed manually
11. What is copying lathe?
The tool of the lathe follows a template or master through a stylus or tracer
77
12. State the various feed mechanisms used for obtaining automatic feed?
1. Tumbler gear mechanism 2. Quick change gearbox 3. Tumbler gear- Quick change
gearbox 4. Apron mechanism
13. List any four holding devices?
1. Chucks 2. Centers 3. Face plate 4. Angle plate
14. What are the different operations performed on the lathe?
Centering, straight turning, rough turning, finish turning, shoulder turning, facing,
chamfering, knurling, etc
15. Define the term ‘Conicity’?
The ratio of the difference in diameters of tapers its length k= D-d/ l
d-smaller dia D-bigger dia l-length of the work piece
16. What is shaper?
The machine, which is having a reciprocating type of machine tool with a single point
cutting tool, used to produce flat surfaces called as Shapers
17. List any four important parts of a Shaper?
Table, Tool head, Ram, Cross rail 24.How the feed & depth of cut is given to the
shaper? Feed is given by rotating the down feed screws of tool head depth of cut is given by
rotating by raising or elevating the table
18. Mention any four-shaper specification?
1. Maximum length of stroke 2. Type of driving mechanism 3. Power of the motor 4.
Speed &feed available
19. How the planer differs from the shaper?
In planner-the work reciprocate while the tool is stationary In shaper-the tool
reciprocate while the work is stationary
20. What is the function of cutting fluids?
1. It is used to cool the cutting tool & the work piece. 2. It improves the surface finish
as stated earlier. 3. It causes the chips to break up into small parts. 4. It protects the finish
surface from corrosion. 5. It prevents the corrosion of work & machine.
21. What are the properties of cutting fluid?
1. High heat absorbing capacities. 2. It should have good lubricant properties. 3. High
flash point. 4. It should be odourless. 5. It should be non-corrosive to work & tool.
78
22. What are the specifications of the milling machine?
1. The table length &width. 2. Number of spindle speeds &feeds. 3. Power of driving
motor.
23. What are the advantages of milling process?
1. It does not require a backlash eliminator. 2. Mild surface does not have built up
edge.
24. What are the down milling processes?
1. Cutter with higher rake angle can be used. This reduces power requirements. 2.
Cutter wear is less because chip thickness is maximum at the start of cut.
25. List out the various milling operations?
1. Plain or slab milling. 2. Face milling. 3. Angular milling. 4. Gang milling. 5. End
milling. 6. Gear cutting
79
80
EX.NO: 11 DATE:
Fabrication of structural shapes using Gas Metal Arc welding

Aim:
To make a L section structural shape using arc welding on the given work pieces.
Material supplied:
A Mild Steel plates of size 60mm X 30mm X 5mm- 2 Nos.
Tools required:
1. Power supply (AC or DC) 2. Welding Torch 3. Electrode
4. Tongues 5. Chipping Hammer 6. Wire Brush
7. Gloves 8. Apron 9. Shield
10. Safety goggles 11. Earth Clamps
Sequence of operations:
1. Edge preparation 2. Tacking 3. Welding
4. Cooling 5. Chipping 6. Cleaning
Procedure:
1. First of all, the work pieces must be thoroughly cleaned to remove rust, scale and
other
foreign materials.
2. Then the given work pieces are placed in such a way that it forms a ‘L’
3. Appropriate power supply should be given to the electrode and the work pieces.
4. Now the welding current output may be adjusted.
5. When current is passed, arc is produced between the electrode and work pieces.
6. Set the work pieces in correct position and maintain the gap 3mm and start tack
welding at both ends of the work pieces as shown in fig.
7. Now the welding is carried out throughout the length.
8. Now the partially welded plates are inverted and tacked at both ends of the work
pieces.
9. Again the welding is carried out throughout the length.
10. As soon as the welding process is finished, switch off the current supply allow the
work piece to cool.
11. Slag is removed by chipping process with the help of chipping hammer.
12. Finally using wire brush, welded portions are cleaned.
81
Result:
Thus the desired L section structural shape is obtained using arc welding.
82
83
EX.NO: 12 DATE:
Joining of plates and pipes using Arc welding

Aim:
To join the plates using arc welding on the given work pieces and to join the pipes
using arc welding
Material supplied:
A Mild Steel plates - 2 Nos., pipes-2 Nos
Tools required:
1. Power supply (AC or DC) 2. Welding Torch 3. Electrode
4. Tongues 5. Chipping Hammer 6. Wire Brush
7. Gloves 8. Apron 9. Shield
10. Safety goggles 11. Earth Clamps
1. Edge preparation 2. Tacking 3. Welding
4. Cooling 5. Chipping 6. Cleaning
Procedure:
1. First of all, the work pieces must be thoroughly cleaned to remove rust, scale and
other foreign materials.
2. Then the given work pieces are placed in such a way that it forms a Tee fillet, butt
positions.
3. Appropriate power supply should be given to the electrode and the work pieces.
4. Now the welding current output may be adjusted.
5. When current is passed, arc is produced between the electrode and work pieces.
6. Set the work pieces in correct position and maintain the gap 3mm and start tack
welding at both ends of the work pieces as shown in fig.
7. Now the welding is carried out throughout the length.
8. Now the partially welded plates are inverted and tacked at both ends of the work
pieces.
9. Again the welding is carried out throughout the length.
84
10. As soon as the welding process is finished, switch off the current supply allow the
work piece to cool.
11. Slag is removed by chipping process with the help of chipping hammer.
12. Finally using wire brush, welded portions are cleaned.
Result:
Thus the joining is obtained on the plates and pipes using arc welding.
85
VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Name the types of welding.
(i) Arc welding (ii) Argon welding (Iii) Gas welding (iv) Tig welding (v) Mig welding
(vi)Spot welding
2. Which is are the types of joint?
Butt joint, T - joint, Lap joint.
3. What is welding?
Joining of two similar metals
4. Name the welding tools used in workshop.
Welding holder, welding rod, hand shield, hand gloves, chipping hammer, wire brush
5. Which outer cover is on the welding rod?
Silicon
6. What is the use of welding holder?
It hold the electrode firmly.
7. What is the use of hand shield?
It protects the face from sparks.
8. What is the use of hand gloves?
It protects the hands from sparks.
9. What is the use of chipping hammer?
It is used to remove the waste material from welded metal.
10. What is the use of wire brush?
It is used to clean the outer surface of welded metal
86
87
Ex.No. 13 Preparation on green sand mould using solid pattern
Date:
Aim
To prepare a green sand mould using a solid pattern.
Tools Required
1.shovel 2. Sieve 3.Mould box 4. Rammer 5.Trowel 6. Strike off

bar
7. Lifter 8. Gate cutter 9. Runner 10. Riser 11. Vent rod 12.
Draw spike etc
Procedure
1. The mould box ,pattern, tools and table/floor are cleaned.
2. The drag is filled with green sand after positioning the solid pattern on the table.
3. The green sand is rammed carefully and the excess sand is struk off.
4. Tilt the drag upside down and springle river sand on top of it.
5. The cope is positioned on top of the drag.
6. Position the sprue pin and riser pin , then fill the cope with sand and ramming is done and the
excess sand is struck off.
7. Remove the sprue pin and the riser pin carefully.
8. Apply water on the edeges of the pattern and remove it carefully using the draw spike , then
finish the cavity.
9. Vent holes are made using vent wire.
10. A funnel shaped opening and gate is made to pour the molten metal.
Result
Thus the mould cavity of the given solid pattern is obtained.
88
89
Ex.No. 14 Preparation on green sand mould using split pattern
Date:
Aim
To prepare a green sand mould using a split pattern.
Tools Required
1.shovel 2. Sieve 3.Mould box 4. Rammer 5.Trowel 6. Strike off

bar
7. Lifter 8. Gate cutter 9. Runner 10. Riser 11. Vent rod 12.
Draw spike etc
Procedure
1. The mould box ,pattern, tools and table/floor are cleaned.
2. The drag is filled with green sand after positioning the lower part of split pattern on the table.
3. The green sand is rammed carefully and the excess sand is struk off.
4. Tilt the drag upside down and springle river sand on top of it.
5. The cope is positioned on top of the drag and the upper part of the pattern is positioned
carefully.
6. Position the sprue pin and riser pin , then fill the cope with sand and ramming is done and the
excess sand is struck off.
7. Remove the sprue pin and the riser pin carefully.
8. Apply water on the edeges of the pattern and remove it carefully using the draw spike , then
finish the cavity.
9. Vent holes are made using vent wire.
10. A funnel shaped opening and gate is made to pour the molten metal.
Result
Thus the mould cavity of the given split pattern is obtained.
90
1. Name the types of moulding sand .
(i) green sand (ii) dry sand (Iii) loam sand (iv) system sand (v) Mig welding (vi)core
sand
2. Which is are the types of pattern?
Solid ,split loose piece, segmental, cope and drag,gated pattern etc
3. What is Foundry?
Place where moulding process carried out.
4. Name the Foundry tools used in workshop.
Shovel, Sieve, Mould box, Rammer, Trowel, Strike off bar.
5. What is the use of strike off bar?
It removes excess sand
91
92
EX.NO:15 DATE:
Manufacturing of square tray using shearing and bending operations.

Aim:
To make a square tray from the given sheet metal.
Material supplied:
22 gauge galvanized iron sheet.
Tools required:
1. Steel rule 2. Mallet 3. Scriber
4. Divider 5. Protractor 6. Snip cutter
7. Stakes 8. Rivet set 9. Ball peen
hammer
1. Checking 2. Leveling 3. Marking
4. Cutting 5. Bending 6. Hemming
7. Riveting 8. Seaming
Procedure:
1. Mark and cut the sheet metal to a size of 300 x 300 mm after checking and
levelling of the sheet metal.
2. Mark a square of 150 x150 mm on the center of the sheet to indicate the bend
lines for the bottom portion of the sheet.
3. Mark bending lines for hemming 4 mm and 6 mm respectively around the square
sheet shown in fig.
4. Join the diagonal of the square sheet. Then mark 150 from the corners of the inner
square 150x150 by marking 7.50 either side of the diagonals.
5. From the intersection of 150 with the bending line which is marked 10 mm from
the edge of the square sheet 300 x 300, mark a line inclined at 60 0 to the bending
line. Repeat the same procedure for all the corners.
6. From the intersection of 600 line in the bending line which is marked 4 mm from
the edge of 300 x 300 mm square, mark 172.5 0 bending line. Repeat the same
marking procedure for the other corners.
93
94
7. Remove the corner positions as shown in fig.
8. Then all the sides of the tray are folded without waviness.
9. Now seaming process must be carried out in all the corners using groover.
10. All the corners are checked to ensure leak proof seaming.
Result
Thus the desired square taper tray is obtained from the given sheet metal.
95
96
EX.NO:16 DATE:
Manufacturing of funnel using shearing and bending operations.

Aim:
To make a funnel from the given sheet metal.
Material supplied:
22 gauge galvanized iron sheet.
Tools required:
1. Steel rule 2. Mallet 3. Scriber
4. Divider 5. Protractor 6. Snip cutter
7. Stakes 8. Groover 9. Ball peen
hammer
10. White paper. 11. Solder
1. Checking 2. Levelling 2. Marking on paper
3. Marking on sheet metal 4. Cutting 5. Folding
5. Hemming 6. Soldering
Procedure:
1. The size of the given sheet metal is checked for its dimensions using steel rule
2. The required development of surface is being made on the white paper which is
overlapped on the sheet metal.
3. The marking is done on the sheet metal as per the development being done on the
taper.
4. Now using straight snips, unwanted materials are removed.
5. Now fold and bend the work piece to make the funnel shape and joint is made on
the work pieces.
6. Then using groover, locked grooved joint is made for about 5 mm. Also hemming
is done in the bottom of the funnel.
7. In between top and bottom face, butt joint is made using solder.
8. Finally, trimming and finishing operation are being carried out
97
Result:
Thus the funnel of the required dimensions is made from given sheet metal.
98
FIG: METAL SPINNNING
99
EX.NO:17 DATE:
Manufacturing of sheet metal components using Metal spinning on a lathe

Aim:
To perform a Metal Spinning operation on a given work piece as per required
dimension using Lathe.
Material supplied:
Aluminium Disc -6inch Dia
Tools required:
1. Single point cutting tool (HSS) 2. Vernier Caliper 3.Chuck key
4. Surface gauge 5. Tool post key
1. Checking 2. Clamping 3. Machining
4. Finishing
Procedure:
1. The dimensions of the given work piece were checked as per the requirement.
2. The work piece is fixed on the Lathe chuck using form block.
3. The press tool is fixed on the tool post and the center height is checked.
4. The press tool is tilted by 300 for operation.
5. The Metal Spinning operation is repeated till to get the required diameter by giving
gradual depth of cut and feed.
Result:
Thus the given work piece is machined as per the dimensions required by means of
Metal Spinning operation using Lathe.
100
1. What is a try square?

Try square is used for making and testing angles of 90degree
2. What is a Scriber?
It used to scribe or mark lines on metal work pieces.
3. What is a Divider?
This is used for marking circles, arcs, laying out perpendicular lines, bisecting lines,
etc
4. What is a straight snip?
They have straight jaws and used for straight line cutting.
5. What is a Mallet?
It is wooden-headed hammer of round or rectangular cross section. The striking face
is made flat to the work.
6. What is a Hammer?
Hammer is also used in sheet metal work for forming shapes. Commonly used
hammers are rubber / nylon hammers and creasing hammer.
7. What is punching?
It is the shearing process using a die and punch where the interior portion of the
sheared sheet is to be discarded.
8. What is Blanking?
Shearing process using a die and punch where the exterior portion of the shearing
operation is to be discarded.
9. What is Perforating?
Punching a number of holes in a sheet
10. What is parting?
Shearing the sheet into two or more pieces
101

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FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME8361 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY – I

Branch : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject : MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I

Manufacturing technology lab-I practices have become important in the industrial

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

COLLEGE VISION AND MISSION

We aim at continuous pursuit for excellence through

 Quality education tapped from National and International Resources 14

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

The Vision of the Department is

The Mission of the Department is

Programme Educational Objectives (PEO’s)

S.No. PEOs Definition of PEOs

PEO 1 IMPARTING To impart intense knowledge in basic science and its

PEO 2 MULTI - To integrate the knowledge on basic sciences and

PEO 4 To enhance professionalism in problem solving through

Programme Outcomes (PO’s)

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB -I

Production or manufacturing can be simply defined as value addition processes by which

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

1. Do not wear watch, ring etc in your hand while machining

2. Wear shoe and lab coat

7. Do not remove chip while machine is running.

8. Care should be taken while selecting rapid feed.

10. Use coolants for heat dissipation.

11. Avoid sharp edge tools.

12. Select proper speed or feed or depth of cut.

 Student should maintain discipline & silence inside the lab.

Lab Code of Conduct:

Major Lab Equipments with Specifications:

S.No Description of Equipment Specifications

1 Centre Lathes 4 ½ feet, ’V’ bed, Centre height 7 inch,

3 Vertical Milling Machine 2 ½ feet swivel base table,8 inch up down

ME8361 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY – I L T P C

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

S.No Description of Equipment Qty

2 Horizontal Milling Machine 1

3 Vertical Milling Machine 1

Mapping Of Course Outcomes with Program outcomes

using arc welding.Joining two metals

shape and size Make the work

Pa Engineering Knowledge: Apply H

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

using arc welding.Joining two metals

shape and size Make the work

and make simple

1 Introduction to Machining operations

2 Introduction to Lathe Machine

3 Introduction to Shaper Machine

5 Machining and machining time estimation for

Machining and machining time estimation for

Machining and machining time estimation for

9 Machining of hexagon in shaping machine

Machining of square in shaping machine

12 Joining of plates and pipes using Arc

FRANCIS XAVIER ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

14 Preparation on green sand mould using

Manufacturing of funnel using shearing