PROJECT REPORT

on

Analysis and design of G+16 commercial building project using

ETABS

By-
HIMANK CHAWLA
(Roll No- 11710003)

Under the Guidance Of

DR. YOGESH AGGARWAL

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KURUKSHETRA

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project work in this report is an outcome of continuous work over a period and drew intellectual support
from various sources. I would like to articulate our profound gratitude and indebtedness to those persons who
helped us in the project.

I would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Yogesh Aggarwal and Dr Paratibha Aggarwal for extending
full support and co-operation and their invaluable guidance and frequent suggestions for the project. Their
suggestions helped us maintain a good quality of work. I express my deep gratitude to both of them. Their
inspiring words will always be a guiding force in all our endeavors to attain greater heights.

I express my profound thanks to Head, Dept. of Civil Engineering, N.I.T. Kurukshetra, for his
encouragement and providing me with outstanding facilities for the successful completion of my project
work.

I would also like to thanks my parents, seniors and friends; without whose support I would not have been
able to reach this important moment in my life. At last, I gratefully acknowledge my deep indebtedness to all
other people who helped me during the whole period of the work.

Date: Himank Chawla

Place: 11710003

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this dissertation entitled “Analysis and design
of G+16 commercial building project using ETABS” towards partial fulfilment of the requirements of CEPE-
Programme Elective- II (Project) of B. Tech in Civil Engineering, is an authentic record of my own work
under the supervision of Dr. Yogesh Aggarwal.

Date: Himank Chawla

Place: 11710003

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Himank Chawla has completed his Project under my supervision
and the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Date: DR. Yogesh Aggarwal

Place: Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

NIT KURUKSHETRA

ABSTRACT
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ETABS stands for Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems. The main purpose of this
software is to design multi-storeyed building in a systematic process. The effective design and construction of
an earthquake resistant structures have great importance all over the world. This project presents multi-
storeyed residential building analysed and designed with lateral loading effect of earthquake using ETABS.
This project is designed as per INDIAN CODES- IS 1893-part2:2002, IS 456:2000. This analysis is carried
out by considering severe seismic zones and behaviour is assessed by taking type-II Soil condition.

The flat slab is a two-way reinforced concrete slab that usually does not have beams and girders, and the loads
are transferred directly to the supporting concrete columns. ETABS automates several slab and mat design
tasks. Specially, it integrates slab design moments across design strips and designs the required reinforcement;
it checks slab punching shear around column supports and concentrated loads; and it designs shear link and
shear stud if needed.

To study the effect of drop panels on the behaviours of flat slab during lateral loads, flat plate system is also
analysed. Zone factor and soil conditions- the other two important parameters which influence the behaviour
of the structure, are also covered. Software ETABS is used for this purpose. In this study relation between the
number of stories, zone and soil condition is developed

Contents
ABSTRACT…………………..…………………………………………………………………………….…4
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SECTION I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………7

1.1 Brief Description of Project:

1.1.1 Scope of DBR:
1.1.2 Project Description:
1.1.3 About the Project:
1.2 Structural Design:
1.3 Specifications Used:

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE………………………………………………………………………………....10

2.1 Materials:
2.1.1 Concrete
2.1.2 Rebar
2.2 Material Properties:
2.3 Section Properties:
2.3.1 Frame Sections:
2.3.2 Shell Sections:
2.4 Building Profile:
2.4.1 Storey Data

SECTION 3: LOADING....…………………………..………… …………………………………………..14

3.1 Load Patterns

3.2 Load cases
3.3 Load Calculations

SECTION 4: DESIGN PARAMETERS & ANALYSIS…………..………………………………………..16

4.1 Diaphragm
4.2 Mass Source
4.3 Static Analysis
4.4 Dynamic Analysis
4.5 Analysis Results

SECTION 5: STABILITY CHECKS……………………………...………………………………………..19

SECTION 6: REFRENCES………...……………………………...………………………………………..19

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Codes used for analysis and Design……………………………………………………..……7
Table 2: Material Properties………………………………………………………….....……...8
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Table 3: Frame Sections: Beam………………………………………………………..……....8
Table 4: Frame Sections: Column…………………………………………....……………......8
Table 5: Slab Sections…………………………………………………………….……………..9
Table 6: Storey Data……………………………………………………………………….....….9
Table 7: Load Patterns………………………………………………………………………….10
Table 8: Load Cases…………………………………………………………………………….11
Table 9: Modal Periods and Frequency…………………………………………………………..12

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Building Floor Plan ……………………………………………………………………5
Figure 2: Superimposed Plan……………………………………………………...………………….....6

INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
ETABS is the present-day leading design software in the market. Many designs company’s use this software
for their project design purpose. So, this paper mainly deals with the comparative analysis of the results
obtained from the analysis of a multi storied building structure when analysed manually and using ETABS
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software.
Structural response to earthquake depends on Dynamic characteristics of the structures and intensity, duration
and frequency content of existing ground motion. Structural analysis means determination of the general
shape and all the specific dimensions of a particular structure so that it perform the function for which it is
created and will safely withstand the influences which will act on it throughout its useful life. The effective
design and construction of a earthquake resistant structures have great importance all over the world.
Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. This project
presents analysis and design if multi storied residential building using ETABS software with lateral loading
effect of Earthquake. This project is designed as per INDIAN CODES- IS 1893-part2:2002, IS 456:2000. This
analysis is carried out by considering severe seismic zones and behaviour is assessed by taking type-II Soil
condition. In our project we are considering a plan under zone –IV. Seismic Intensity is Severe and Zone
Factor is 0.16 at Mumbai. The building is proposed to have Ordinary RC moment-resisting frame and the
Response Reduction Factor(R) is 3.0.

Design example of a sixteen-story building:

In this project, from the plinth to the certain height of the building the column size may differ that is it would
be more when compared to the upper columns because to reduce the failure in the structure. The diaphragm is
rigid. The main beams rest on the columns to avoid local eccentricity.
Comparison of analysis and design of regular and irregular configuration of multi storied building in various
seismic zones using ETABS software. The centre of mass is the unique point at the centre of a distribution of
mass in space. The centre of mass is the mean location of a distribution of mass in space. Seismic Analysis of
Multi-storeyed Building:
As this project deals with the most economical column method in this project we have design the structure in
an economical way by reducing the sizes in the sections. As the load is more at the bottom when compared to
the top floors, there is no need of providing large sizes at the top. Economizing the column by means of
column orientation is longer span longer direction will reduce the amount of bending as a result there are of
the steel is reduced.
Slabs are generally two types based on length to depth ratio as one way and two way slabs which rests on
horizontal members like beams. When the ratio of length to depth is less than two then it is called two way
slab and when the ratio is greater than two is called one way slab. Various types of loads acting upon the slabs
are transferred from beams to columns, walls, lintels then to foundations and finally distributed over soil.
Number of stories could be increased through proper design by reducing floor height while going to upper
stories to maintain stability to the structure.
Flat slabs are widely implemented when there are many stories for commercial buildings in order to reduce
cost of construction along with good aesthetic view in shorter duration. Due to elimination of unnecessary
beams ceiling can be used to maximum extent which leaves a pleasant experience. Partitions could be made
easily along with mechanical and electrical maintenance.

1.1 Brief Description of Project:

1.1.1 Scope of DBR:
The design-based report here to provide analysis results that are to govern the design. The design of the
permanent and temporary supporting works shall comply with code of practice.

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1.1.2 Project Description:
Location: Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Type of Building: Commercial Building (Structure: R.C.C Flat Slab)

1.1.3 About the Project:

The project is a Commercial Building 17 stories high situated at Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. The project is
spread over an area of 8730.68 sq. ft.

Figure 1 : FLOOR PLAN GROUND & UPPER STORY

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 Figure 2 : SUIMPERIPOSED PLAN GROUND & UPPER STORY

1.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN:

The main considerations followed for the design of structure are:
(a) Structural safety and stability.
(b) Demands of aesthetics conceived by the architect.
(c) Availability of material, equipment and expertise.
(d) Constructability and ease of maintenance.
(e) Durability
(f) Economy
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS USED:
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All the buildings have been designed as framed structures in accordance with the relevant Indian Codes of
Practice for civil works i.e.
Table 1: Codes used for analysis and Design

IS 456-2000 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

IS 1893-Part -2016 CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF
STRUCTURES
IS 875 Part-1 DEAD LOADS — UNIT WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS
AND
STORED MATERIALS
IS 875 Part-2 IMPOSED LOADS
IS 875 Part-3 WIND LOADS

STRUCTURE
2.1 Materials:
2.1.1 Concrete
The Density of Concrete adopted shall be as below:
25KN/m3 for reinforcement above 2% or less reinforcement (IS: 875 part-I table-1 item 22 value rationalized).
a. Short term modulus of Elasticity ‘E’ shall be as per clause no. 6.2.3.1 of IS: 456 2000
b. Grade of concrete provided is M30 & M35
c. Density of glass 0.5KN/m3

2.1.2 Rebar’s
HYSD500 and HYSD415 are used as reinforcement.

2.2 Material Properties:

Table 2: Material Properties

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 Name Type Modulus of Strength Design Strengths
Elasticity (MPa)
(MPa)
Concrete M30 25000 30 Fck=30Mpa
Concrete M35 25000 35 Fck=35Mpa
HYSD415 Rebar 200000 230 Fy=415 MPa,
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 275 Fy=500 MPa,

2.3 Section Properties:

2.3.1 Frame Sections:
Table 3: Frame Sections: Beam

Frame Element Sections Used in Model

Section Depth (mm) Width (mm) Material

Beam230x450 450 230 Concrete M30

Beam230x600 600 230 Concrete M30

Beam230x750 750 230 Concrete M30

Beam300x600 600 300 Concrete M30

Beam300x750 750 300 Concrete M30

Beam450x600 600 450 Concrete M30

Beam600x600 600 600 Concrete M30

Beam600x750 750 600 Concrete M30

Table 4: Frame Sections: Column

Frame Element Sections Used in Model

Section Depth (mm) Width (mm) Material

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 COL 1050x1400 1400 1050 Concrete M35

COL 1500x1500 1500 1500 Concrete M35

2.3.2 Shell Sections:

Table 5: Slab Sections

Name Design Type Element Type Material Total Thickness

OHT & LMR Slab Shell-Thin M30 200

General Slab Slab Shell-Thin M30 250

Lobby Slab Shell-Thin M30 150

Staircase Slab Slab Membrane M30 175

Ramp Slab Membrane M30 150

Ramp landing Slab Shell-Thin M30 200

Drop Slab Shell-Thick M30 600

2.4 Building Profile:

2.4.1 Storey Data

Table 6: Storey Data

Name Height (m) Elevation (m)

OHT & LMR 3.9 72
Terrace 3.9 68.1
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 Storey 16 3.9 64.2
Storey 15 3.9 60.3
Storey 14 3.9 56.4
Storey 13 3.9 52.5
Storey 12 3.9 48.6
Storey 11 3.9 44.7
Storey 10 3.9 40.8
Storey 9 3.9 36.9
Storey 8 3.9 33
Storey 7 3.9 29.1
Storey 6 3.9 25.2
Storey 5 3.9 21.3
Storey 4 3.9 17.4
Storey 3 3.5 13.5
Storey 2 3.5 10
Storey 1 3.5 6.5
GR 3 3
Base 0 -

LOADING
The structure is analyzed for all possible combinations of loads i.e. gravity loads (dead and live loads),
earthquake loads and wind loads.

3.1 Load Patterns:

Table 7: Load Patterns

Name Type Self-Weight Code

Multiplier
Dead Dead 1 IS 875 part-I
Live Live 0 IS 875 part-II
EX Seismic 0 IS 1893-2002
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 EY Seismic 0 IS 1893-2002
WX Wind 0 IS 875 part-III
WY Wind 0 IS 875 part-IV
Temp Other 0 -

3.2 Load Cases:

Table 8: Load Cases

Load Set Load Pattern Load

(Slab) KN/m2
GENERAL Dead 1.5
Live 3.5
STAIRCASE Dead 3
Live 5
WC Dead 3
Live 2
LOBBY Dead 2
Live 4
OHT & LMR Dead 14
Live 0.75
RAMP Dead 1.5
Live 5
AHU Dead 1.5
Live 7

3.3 Load Calculation:

 IS 1893:2002 Seismic Load Calculation

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 This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern
EX according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period
User Period T = 1.07 sec
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS 1893 Table 2] Z = 0.16
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS 1893 Table 7] R = 3
Importance Factor, I [IS 1893 Table 6] I = 1.2
Site Type [IS 1893 Table 1] = II

 IS 1893: 2002 Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EY according to
IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period
User Period T = 0.76 sec
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS 1893 Table 2] Z = 0.16
Response Reduction Factor, R [IS 1893 Table 7] R = 3
Importance Factor, I [IS 1893 Table 6] I = 1.2
Site Type [IS 1893 Table 1] = II

DESIGN PARAMETERS & ANALYSIS

4.1 Diaphragm
In Buildings whose floor diaphragms cannot provide rigid horizontal diaphragm action in their own plane,
design storey shear shall be distributed to the various vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system
considering the in-plane flexibility of the diaphragms.

Here, the Diaphragm is semi rigid.

4.2 Mass Source

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 In this we have to define the mass source which is used to calculate base shear in the analysis.
 As here the live load is 50% because the live load is taken is >3KN//m2

4.3 Static Analysis

 Load Patterns in this analysis is seismic type namely Ex and Ey.
 Auto Lateral Load is according to IS 1893: 2002
 As per the location according to the code the seismic zone factor Z is 0.16 according to clause 6.4.2, table 3,
IS 1893: 2002
 Site type is II as soil is medium type
 Importance factor is 1.2 according to clause 7.2.3, table 8, IS 1893 2002.
 According to clause 7.2.6, table 9, IS 1893: 2002, response reduction factor is 3.
 The approximate fundamental translation natural period Ta of oscillation according to IS 1893:2002 is
estimated by the following expression:
T = 0.09h/sqrt(d)
Where,
h = height of building, as defined in clause 7.6.2(a) IS 1893: 2002 in m
d = base dimension of building at the plinth level along the considered direction of earthquake shaking.
Here, Base Shear is 14852.63 KN

4.4 Dynamic Analysis

 Response Spectrum function definition is according to the IS 1893: 2002
 As per the location according to the code the seismic zone factor Z is 0.16 according to clause 6.4.2, table 3,
IS 1893: 2002
 Soil type is II as period and acceleration depends on the soil type
 Load cases is defined as SpecX and SpecY and type is response spectrum
 Scale factor is used to scale the base shear.
 Base Shear is14852.63 KN

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Deflection shape under Dead Load for Typical Storey.

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 Deflection Shape under Wind Load.
(We can see wind load increases with increase in height of building)

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 Deflection shape under most critical load combination as specified by IS Code

STABILITY CHECKS
1. Inter Storey Drift Ratio is very less compared to permissible limit.
2. Maximum deflection against Wind is within permissible limit.
3. Maximum deflection against Earthquake is within permissible limit.
4. Time period is 2.4 sec
5. Modal participation mass ratio passed.
6. First Mode of vibration is purely translational.

REFRENCES
1. Ahmad J. Durrani, S. T. Mau and Yi-Li (1994). “Earthquake Response of Flat Slab Buildings, Journal of
Structural Engineering”, Vol. 120. Apostolska R. P., G. S. Necevska-Cvetanovska, J. P. Cvetanovska and
N. Mircic (2008),
2. Seismic performance of flat slab building structural systems. The 14th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
3. IS: 1893:2000, Part 1, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures – General Provisions for
Buildings, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2002.
4. IS: 456, plain and reinforced concrete -code of practice

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