Feysal Aden

Senior WCDMA Expert

Network overview
 Network overview

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 3

 WCDM architecture
Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)
UTRAN

PSTN
Iub RNC MSC GMSC
Iu CS
Node-B
UE Iur HLR
Uu
AuC
Iub RNC SGSN
Iu PS EIR
Node-B Gn

IP GGSN
Backbone

Internet

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 4

 Network Convergence

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 5

 Network Convergence
• Traditionally
– Network for datacom
– Network for telecommunication
– Network for media industry
• WCDMA is a wireless system
– Using CDMA technology
– Where datacom, telecommunication and media
industry converge
– Based on Layered Architecture design

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 6

 Convergence
• User Service convergence
– Multimode services delivered to
• Same users
• Over different access networks
• To different devices
• Device Convergence
– Common device supporting several access devices
– Telephony
– Video/TV
– Camera
– E-mail
• Network Convergence
– Consolidation of the network to provide different user services
– Layered architecture is used to realize the network convergence

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 7

Layered architecture
 Layered Architecture

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 9

 Layered Architecture

• Horizontal layers instead of vertical

• Flexible
• The goal is have to have separate layers of
– Connectivity
– Control
– Application
• Layers with clearly defined functions

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 10

 Layered Architecture

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 11

 Layered Architecture
• Application
– Generally is not a real network
• Control
– Nodes that control and direct traffic
– PS and CS
– Core network nodes
• Connectivity
– Transport nodes
– Connects to various access networks
2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 12
WCDMA network architecture
 3 GPP network reference model

• WCDMA network consists of

– User Equipment (UE)
– Access Network (AN)
– Core Network (CN)
– Network External to WCDMA

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 14

 3 GPP reference model

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 15

 Ericsson network Reference model

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 16

 Core Network overview

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 17

WCDMA network components
 Radio access network
• WCDMA Radio Acess Network (WRAN) consists
of
– Radio Base Station (NodeB)
– Radio Network Controller (RNC
• RBS (NodeB)
– Provides physical radio resources
– Converts the data flow between the Iub and Uu
• RNC
– Controls the RBS and the radio resources
– Service access point for all WCDMA RAN
– Provides services to the Core Network
2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 19
 Core Network
• Mobile Switch Control (MSC)
– Handles control layer functions
– For circuit switched (CS) domain
– Handles idle mode Mobility Management (MM) functions
– Handles Connection Management (CM) functions
– Intra and inter location area update handling (LAU)
• Media Gateway (MGW)
– Coonnects mobile core network to the external networks
• GSM, WCDMA, PSTN
• In conjunction with MSC handles mobile soft switch functions

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 20

 Core Network

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 21

 Core Network
• SGSN ( Serving GPRS Supporting Node)
– Handles session and mobility management for PS domain
– includes,
• Paging
• Attach/detach
• Packet Data Control and context handling
• Intra and inter SGSN routing update
• GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
– Provides interface between Mobile Radio Core Networks
(GSM, WCDMA) and other packet data networks
– Such as Internet, Corporate intranets, and private data
networks
2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 22
 Core Network
• HLR (Home Location Subscriber
– Primary data base for subscriber information
– Used to provide control and intelligence
– Mobile subscriber profiles register
• AUC ( Authentication Center)
– Functions for secure storage of individual subscriber
identifiers and keys
– Algorithms necessary for generating authentication
and ciphering data based on subscriber keys
– Network elements use authentication and ciphering
data provided by AUC for protection purposes

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 23

 Core Network
• EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
– A data base that validates mobile equipment hardware
identity
– MSC can request the EIR to check
• if MS has been stolen or faulty (Black listed)
• Not type approved (gray listed)
• Normal registered (white listed)

• FNR (Flexible Number Register)

– Offers Mobile number portability (MNP)
– This feature permits and end user to keep his MSISDN
when changing service provider

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 24

 Core Network

• IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)

– New standard for IP multimedia services
– Services include, applications such as
• Multimedia conferencing
• Multiplayer gaming ect

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 25

WCDMA network Interfaces
 Core network interfaces

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 27

 WRAN Interfaces
• Uu Interface
› UE to NodeB Interface
• Iub
– NodeB to RNC intreface
• Iu Cs
– RNC to MSC interface
• Iu PS
– RNC to SGSN interface
• Iur
– RNC to RNC interface

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 28

WCDMA Radio network
 Frequency allocation

• By ETSI following spectrum are chosen for

WCMA
– 1920 to 1980 MHz (UL)
– 2110 to 2170 MHz (DL)
– Existing frequency bands
• For example, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 30

 WCDMA frequency allocation

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 31

 Access technologies
• FDMA
– Frequency Division Access Technology)
– Used by 1G (first generation technology)
– NMT, AMPS, TACS
• TDMA
– Time Division Access Technology
– Used by 2G
• CDMA
– Code Division Access Technology
– Used by 3G

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 32

 FDMA

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 33

 TDMA

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 34

 CDMA

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 35

 Channelization codes

• Often refered as OVSF (Ortogonal Variable

Spreading Codes)
• Used for channel separation of transmission
from one transmitter (UE/BTS)

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 36

 Scrambling codes

• Distinguish between different transmitters

• We do plan for the base station
• We do not plan for the UE

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 37

 Modulation schemes

• The modulation schemes available in WDMA

are
– QPSK
– 16QQAM Q Q

– 64 QAM

I I I

QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 38

 Physical channels

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 39

 Logical channels
• Common Channels
– BCCH
• Broadcast system information
– PCCH
• Paging Information
– CCCH
• Control information (Used UE to access the network)
– DCCH
• Used for dedicated control information
• Traffic Channel
– DTCH
• Used for transferring user information

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 40

 Transport channels
• How and with what characteristics data is to be sent

• Common Channels
– BCH (Broadcast Channel)
– FACH (Forward Access Channel)
– PCH (Paging Channel)
• Dedicated channels
– DCH
• How and with what characteristics data is to be sent

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 41

 DS-CDMA aspects

• Power Control
• Handover
• Rake Receiver
• Cell Breathing

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 42

 Power control

• Many users accessing the network makes

interference
• Power control needed
• UL most important

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 43

 Power Control
• Open Loop Power Control
– Used for initial power settings of the UE
• Inner-loop (fast) Power Control
– Avoid mobiles to transmitt to high power as they
move towards Node
– To be fast
– 1500 times per seocnd
• Outer-loop Power Control
– Keep/maintain the quality of the communication
– SIR target
– Based on the BER (bit error rate)
2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 44
 Rake receiver

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 45

 Rake reciever

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 46

 Handover scenarios

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 47

 Soft handover

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 48

 Interfrequency handover
• Inter frequency handover
› Two different frequencies with in WCDAMA
› Ue changes frequency but is still with in WCDMA coverage
› It could be between 2 carriers with in same RBS or different
RBS

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 49

 Irat handover

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 50

 HSPA basic principles

2/20/2012 WCDMA overview Djibouti Telecom 51

WCDMA Capacity
nd
2 Carrier Workshop