12

Causes
(I) No major projects undertaken· by previous government
(II) Failure to increase the generating capacity
(Ill) . Problem of circular debt
Effects
(I) Closure of industrial unit
(II) Unemployment
(Ill) Effects on industrial sector
Suggeitlons
(I) Resolving the circular debt problem
(II) Building small power plants
(Ill) Capital cost of new plants
Conclusion
How TO MAKE AN OUTLINE
• Some times essays like 'Country life la better than city life CSS-2013)' was asked. In
this case, student has to make an outline having the two major heading: one is country
life and other is city life.
• Student can also compare it after writing in detail the advantages of rural and urban life.
Such type of essays do not ask for any argument. These essays by nature are
explanatory. In some cues, where students do not have direct material of the essay like
'Not economy but polltle1 11 a key to 1uccea1 (CSS-2013) OR 'What are the hurdles
In eur way to becomln1 a truly Independent 1tate? (CSS-2011)',
• In these cases, students can make a mental chart by writing the key word in a circle and
making pointa whatseever comes in your mind.
• Once you note down your pointa you can arrange it significantly and can remove or miss
any irrelevant point.
How TO WRITE THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ESSAY
• Preferably, if student has quotation relating to this topic, he/she must write in the
beainning with proper referei.ce as
Accordin1 to Quaid Azam,
"This is challenp to our very existence and if we are to survive as a nation and are to translate
our dreams about Pakistan into reality we shall have to grapple with the problem facing us with
redoubled zeal and energy. Our masses are today disorganized and disheartened by the cataclysm that
has befallen them. (Address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan, Karachi
on October II, I !M7) ·
• For example if you are writing an essay on poverty you can start with starter as:
There are many problems in Pakistan. One of them is poverty.
Or
Poverty is a major issue which Pakistan has been confronting since her inception.