MC 0066 (B)

Advanced Concepts of OOPs using C++

Contents
Unit 1
Inheritance, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism
– Revised 1
Unit 2
This Pointer, Friends, and Static Functions 25
Unit 3
The Iostream Library 41
Unit 4
Templates 87
Unit 5
Exception Handling 116
Unit 6
Standard Template Library 139
Unit 7
Introduction to UML 200
Edition: Fall 2007

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BKID – B0715 17 July 2007
Brig. (Dr). R. S. Grewal VSM (Retd.)
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Edition: Fall 2007

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 SUBJECT INTRODUCTION
C++ is a general-purpose, middle-level programming language with high-
level and low-level capabilities. It is a statically typed free-form multi-
paradigm language, supporting procedural programming, data abstraction,
object-oriented programming, and generic programming. Since the 1990s,
C++ has been one of the most popular commercial programming languages.
The term middle-level does not imply that C++ is less powerful, harder to
use, or less developed than high-level languages, nor that it has the
cumbersome nature of low-level languages. Rather it combines the best
elements of high-level languages with the flexibility of assembly language.
The intention of having this book is to provide a detailed description of a few
advanced concepts in C++ that may be used in our daily lives to write better
programs than before.

Unit 1 – Inheritance, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism – Revisited:

The purpose of this unit is to revisit some of the concepts of C++, i.e., to
brush-up the readers fundamentals on Inheritance, Virtual Functions, and
Polymorphism. This unit should be able to drive the reader to hunt for more
knowledge on the concepts touched upon.

Unit 2 – This pointer, Friends and Static Functions:

The primary focus of this unit is to introduce some of the miscellaneous, yet
handy, features of C++, i.e., this pointer, friends (friend classes and
functions), and static functions. All the concepts are described with relevant
examples to better understand the concepts.

Unit 3 – Files and Streams:

This unit describes in detail the very useful and featureful iostream library
offered by C++. This unit is studded with examples that will help the reader
in understanding the concept of file I/O with streams. This unit also helps the
reader in understanding how he/she may be able to organize (format) output
using manipulators.
Unit 4 – Templates:
Templates are a very useful and extremely indispensable feature of C++. A
lot of programming effort can be saved by the use of templates. This unit
describes templates, template programming, and the usage considerations
of templates, with the help of a myriad of examples to illustrate the
concepts.

Unit 5 – Exception Handling:

Every programmer describes his/her program to be error-free. But errors still
pop up. How to gracefully handle these errors (or exceptions) is what
exception handling is all about. This unit comprehensively describes
exception handling along with useful examples. This unit also introduces the
readers to standard exceptions, and also teaches how to create user-
defined exceptions.

Unit 6 – Standard Template Library:

Another step towards efficient programming is achieved by the use of
Standard Template Library (STL). This unit introduces the reader to STL.
Furthermore, this unit provides minute details on all of the STL components
with relevant examples to show how these components can be used in
programs.

Unit 7 – Introduction to UML:

UML or Unified Modeling Language is a Object Oriented Analysis and
Design (OOAD) tool. UML is not tied up with C++ as such, but is a generic
design language using which software-intensive systems may be designed
and implemented. This unit will introduce the reader to the novel idea of
OOAD using UML, the feature-rich components of UML. This unit should
drive the reader in designing better and efficient software systems.