wkÿv Kwgk‡bi †mKvj-GKvj

W. Av.b.g. GnQvbyj nK wgjb

1757 mvj, cjvkxi Av¤ªKvbb| evsjvi gmb` †_‡K †gvMj m¤ªv‡Ui we`v‡qi
weDMj †e‡R‡Q| ïiæ n‡jv ci‡`wk‡`i kvmb| `vuZ _vK‡Z `vu‡Zi gh©v`v
w`‡Z Rv‡b bv gvbyl| weªwUk mg&ªvR¨ev‡`i m~h© Dw`Z n‡Z ïiæ
K‡i‡Q| weªwUk BwÛqv‡K kvmb I †kvlY Kivi Rb¨ Avmj loh‡š¿i bxj
KzwV 10 bs WvDwbs †÷U Gi cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q w`wjøi---------------
†_‡K| jÿ wQj GKwUB| wKfv‡e m¤ªvR¨ev‡`i AvwacZ¨ wemÍvi Kiv
hvq| Z‡e Zv cÖvwPb cÖ_v, µxZ`vm cÖ_v bq| Awli †P‡q glx‡K
Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB wkÿvB n‡”Q †gvÿg nvwZqvi| wefvwRZ Ki‡Z
n‡e ag©, eY©, †MvÎ ev fvlvi wfwˇZ| fviZe‡l©i gymjgvbiv Aviwe
wkÿvq wkwÿZ n‡Z Pvq| GB my‡hv‡M wn›`y‡`i Bs‡iwR wkÿv w`‡q
†KivYx Z‡Ë¡i m¤úªmvi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡qB wefvRb Kiv hv‡e wn›`y
gymjgvb‡K| ZviB iƒc‡iLvq AvR‡Ki GB w`‡b cÖkœ G‡jv weªwUk
kvmK †Mvôx †gvMj mg&ªv‡Ui b¨vq †hgb, evei, AvKei, Rvnv½xi Gi
mgq Kvj. . . . . | bvwK Bs‡iwR wkwL‡q AvwacZ¨ev` m¤úªmviYev` Gi
exR ecb Kiv| wkÿv Kwgk‡bi Rb¥ nq, 1792 mv‡j Pvjm© MÖvÛ wkÿv
Kwgkb bv‡g| Pvjm© MÖvÛ wQ‡jb B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi GKRb
cwiPvjK| Zvi cÖ_g †ev‡av`q n‡jv wb¤œ †kÖwYi fviZxq‡`i GB
AvMÖvmx †Kv¤úvbxi AvIZvfz³ mvaviY fviZxq‡`i Bs‡iwR †kLv‡Z
n‡e| hw`I Pvjm© MÖvÛ‡K fviZxq AvaywbK wkÿvi RbK (dv`vi Ad
gWv©Y GWz‡Kkb Bb BwÛqv) Ges †gvMj m¤ªv‡R¨i dviwmqvb fvlv
nwU‡q, Bs‡iwRB n‡e fvi‡Zi B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Awdwmqvj fvlv|
10 bs WvDwbs w÷ª‡Ui bxjKzwV (cv©jv‡g›U nvDm) welqwU‡Z
gvb‡Z bvivR| weMZ AwfÁZv †_‡K mv¤ªvR¨ev`x weªwUk miKvi Zv‡i
kvwmZ †kvwmZ K‡jvwb¸‡jv‡Z Bs‡iwR wkÿvi gva¨‡g ag© ¯’všÍvwiZ
wLª÷vb wgkbvix evavMÖ¯’ n‡qwQj weavq weªwUk cv©jv‡g›U evav
w`‡qwQj| Aciw`‡K †mB mgqKvi evsjvi Mf©Yi †Rbv‡ij Iqv‡ib
†nmwUsm wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, Iwi‡q›Uvj fvlv †kLv‡bv DwPZ Ges G
cÖ¯Íve wZwb cvk Ki‡Z †`bwb| Gfv‡eB Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í K‡jvwbqvj
miKv‡ii wkÿv ïiæ nq| 1781 mv‡j Iqv‡ib †nmwUsm KjKvZvq GKwU
gv`ªvmv ¯’vcb K‡ib| 1784 mv‡j GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Iwi‡q›Uvj
wkÿv ïiæ K‡ib †Rgm wgj| Rbv_b WvbKvb 1791 mv‡j †e½j mvs¯‹…
wZK K‡jR ïiæ K‡ib| Zviv Df‡qB cyivZb BwÛqvb BwZnv‡mi f³
wQ‡jb| 1800-01 mv‡j †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nq fviZxq
wmwfj mv©‡f›U‡`i Rb¨| 1813 mv‡j PvUv©i G± Ad 1813 Øviv cÖwZ
eQi 1 jvL iæwc K‡i GB cÖwZôvbwU‡K †`qv n‡Zv| 1793 mv‡j wg:
ievU© DBjevi†dvm© weªwUk cvjv©‡g‡›U GKwU wkÿv ms¯‹v‡ii
Dc‡i †Kv¤úvwbi GKwU PvU©vi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘ IB
cÖ¯ÍvewU cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| 1813 mv‡j cvj©v‡g‡›Ui AwaKvsk m`m¨
wLªóvb wgkbvwi‡`i m¤úªmvi‡bi bxwZ Ges Pvj©m MÖv‡›Ui
gZv`†k©i mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb| GiB djkÖæwZ‡Z G± Ad 1813 Aby‡”Q`
b¤^i 43 Gi cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡` cvjv©‡g‡›U GB wejwU M„wnZ nq|

GKRb gnvb cwÛZ, mdj †jLK Ges ¯úó e³v jW© wU.we. g¨vKz‡j 1835
mv‡ji 10-B Ryb fviZe‡l© Av‡mb| wZwb cvewjK BÝU«vKkb ‡Rbv‡ij
KwgwUi mfvcwZ wnmv‡e wb‡qvMcÖvß nb hv fviZxq wk¶vi
BwZnv‡m GKwU bZyb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| 1813 mv‡ji mb` AvB‡b
wk¶v welqK aviv 43-Gi e¨vL¨v ‡`Iqvi Rb¨ Zv‡K `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv n‡qwQj|
wk¶vi wZbwU w`K ‡hgb- eivÏK…Z A_© e¨q, ÕmvwnZ¨Õ kãwU
msÁvwqZ Kiv Ges ‡Kvb ‡Kvb cwÛZ‡`i wkwÿZ ¯^‡`kxi AšÍf©y³ Kiv
DwPZ ‡m m¤ú‡K© e¨L¨v Kivi Rb¨ g¨vKy‡j‡K wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| 1835
mv‡ji 2Õiv ‡deªªyqvix, g¨vKy‡j KvDw݇ji Kv‡Q Zvi weL¨vZ
cÖwZ‡e`bwU Rgv w`h‡qwQ‡jb, hv 1835 Gi g¨vKy‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b
wnmv‡e cwiwPZ wQj| g¨vKy‡j cwi®‹vi fv‡e e‡jwQ‡jb †h, †Kv¤úvbx
GB A_©wU ‡hLv‡b h_vh_ g‡b nq e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i| g¨vKy‡j wQ‡jb
Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i GKwbô f³| wZwb Bswjk mvwnZ¨‡K mgMÖ we‡k¦i
‡miv mvwnZ¨ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb D`vniY w`‡q
e‡jwQ‡jb †h, ÒBs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i GK Avjgvix eB, cy‡iv fviZe‡l©i
†`kxq I mKj Avie mvwn‡Z¨i †P‡qI A‡bK A‡bK g~j¨evb|Ó ms¯‹…Z,
Aviex Ges dvwm© cÖwZôv‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y e¨q Kiv A_©‡K wZwb
AcPq wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui g‡Z fviZxq cªwZôvb GZUv
Kvh©Ki wQj bv| fviZxq‡`i Rb¨ Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i wk¶v
eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv DwPZ e‡j wZwb Zvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡ib|

g¨vKz‡ji cÖwZ‡e`‡i djkÖywZ‡Z ZrKvjxb Mfb©i ‡Rbv‡ij jW©

DBwjqvg ‡ew›U¼ 1835 mv‡ji 7-B gvP© weªwUk miKv‡ii ZrKvjxb
bZyb wk¶vbxwZ ‡NvlYv K‡ib| dj¯^iƒc wk¶vi Dci wbgœwjwLZ cÖfve
‡`Lv ‡`q:

- fviZe‡l© Bs‡iwR wk¶ve¨e¯’vi m~Pbv

 - 1837 mv‡j ZrKvjxb Mfb©i ‡Rbv‡ij jW© AKj¨vÛ, dvwm©i
(g~Nj mvkbvg‡ji Awdwkqvj dvwm© fvlv) cwie‡Z© Bs‡iwR‡K GKgvÎ
Awdwmqvj fvlv wnmv‡e ‡NvlYv K‡ib

- miKvix PvKixi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nq

DBwjqvg A¨vWvg 1818 mv‡j fviZe‡l© G‡mwQ‡jb| jW© ‡ew›U‡¼i

Aby‡iv‡a DBwjqvg A¨vWvg wb‡RB evsjvi Avw`evmx wk¶vi wel‡q
‡¯^”Qvq Z_¨ msM«‡ni K‡Vvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Mfb©i-
‡Rbv‡ij-Bb-KvDwÝj KZ©…K 1835 mv‡j wZwb evsjvq Avw`evmx
wk¶vi AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ wbhy³ nb| GwU GKwU ‡emiKvix GK m`m¨
wewkô Kwgkb wQj| A¨vWvg 1835-1838 wZb eQi K‡Vvi cwik«g
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZbwU cªwZ‡e`b Rgv w`‡qwQ‡jb| wØZxq
cªwZ‡e`bwU wQj eZ©gvb ivRkvnx ‡Rjvi GKwU _vbv (bv‡Uvi _vbv)
Gi Dci Z`šÍ cÖwZ‡e`b| Z…Zxq cªwZ‡e`‡b evsjv I wenv‡ii cvuPwU
‡Rjvi cwimsL¨vb Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj hv wQj wZbwU cªwZ‡e`‡bi
g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸i~Z¡c~Y© Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨| GB cªwZ‡e`bwU wQj mviv
†`‡ki Rb¨ cwimsL¨vbMZ fv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Avw`evmx wk¶v
e¨e¯’vi iyc‡iLv, hvi wfvˇZ wZwb Avw`evmx we`¨vjh‡qi ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨
Zvi cª¯Íve ‡`b| GB cÖ¯Íve GWvgm Kwgkb bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

weªwUk fvi‡Z wk¶ve¨e¯’vi ms¯‹vi I cybM©V‡bi cª_g cªqvm wQj 1854

mv‡ji DWm GWy‡Kkvb ‡Wmc¨P| weªwUk nvDm Ad KgÝ-Gi wm‡j±
KwgwU Øviv GB Kwgkb MwVZ nq| 1954 mv‡ji 19 RyjvB Ôcªv_wgK
we`¨vjq ‡_‡K wek¦we`¨vjq ch©šÍ Õ h_vh_fv‡e wk¶ve¨e¯’v ‰Zwi Kivi
Rb¨ GwU fviZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ‡cªiY Kiv n‡qwQj| DWm ‡Wmc¨‡Pi
cªavb djvdjMywj wbgœiyc:

- cªwZwU cª‡`‡k wk¶v wefvM cªwZôv Kiv

- wek¦we`¨vjq Ges ‡kªwYe× we`¨vj‡qi wfwË ¯’vcb

- Z`viwK e¨e¯’v cªeZ©b

- ‡emiKvix ¯‹yj¸wji Rb¨ Aby`vb-mnvqZv

- wk¶K‡`i cªwk¶Y cªwZôvb ¯’vcb

- Bs‡iwR Ges ¯^‡`kxq Dfq fvlv e¨envi K‡i e¨envwiK Áv‡bi we¯Ív‡ii
Rb¨ wk¶vi GKwU wew¯Í„Z ag©wbi‡c¶ e¨e¯’v ‰Zwi Kiv|

D‡Wi ‡Wmc¨vP wQj evsjvi ‡g‡q‡`i Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi c‡¶ cª_g
`wjj¸wji g‡a¨ GKwU|

1882 mv‡j, jW© wicb DBwjqvg nv›Uvi‡K ‡Pqvig¨vb K‡i cÖ_g fviZxq
wk¶v Kwgkb MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| wkÿv welqK mvaviY cwil†`i Aby‡iv‡a
jW© wicb 1882 mv‡ji 3-iv GwcÖj nv›Uvi Kwgkb MVb K‡iwQ‡jb|
KwgkbwU fvi‡Z wk¶vi wewfbœ w`K we‡ePbvq G‡bwQj| ‡hgb:

- cªv_wgK wk¶vq we‡kl g‡bv‡hvM ‡`Iqv

- D‡Wi ‡Wmc¨vP 1854 Gi Kvh©KvwiZv AbymÜvb Kiv Ges Gi
djvdj¸wji DbœwZ mva‡bi w`‡K bRi †`Iqv|

1904 mvjwU fviZe‡l©i wk¶ve¨e¯’vi BwZnv‡m GK ¸i~Z¡c~Y©

gvBjdjK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| 1901 mv‡j wmgjvq fviZxq wk¶v
m‡¤§j‡bi c‡i jW© KvR©b 1904 mv‡j GKwU miKvix ‡iRy‡jkb
AvKv‡i Zvui wk¶vbxwZ cªKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| GwU D”P we`¨vjq ¯Í‡i
we‡kl K‡i miKvwi ¯‹yj¸wj‡Z Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq fvlvi e¨envi
m¤úªmvi‡b f~wgKv ‡i‡LwQj| cªv_wgK we`¨vjq mg~‡ni mvsMVwbK I
cªkvmwbK wel‡q, cvV¨µg cª¯ÍyZKi‡Y, wk¶K wb‡qv‡M, e¨e¯’vcbvq,
A_©vqbmn bvbv wel‡q mg‡qi mv‡_ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi GKwU m~Pbv
Kiv n‡qwQj GB wkÿv bxwZ‡Z|

1911 mv‡ji 12-B wW‡m¤^‡i 1905 mv‡ji e½f½ evwZjKi‡Yi ‡NvlYv

c~e©evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i AM«MwZ‡Z GK `ywe©mn av°v wnmv‡e
Av‡m| ZrKvjxb fvBmiq jW© nvwW©Ä c~e© evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i
Amš‘wó eyS‡Z ‡c‡i Zv‡`i hš¿Yv cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z XvKvq GKwU
miKvix mdi K‡iwQ‡jb| beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn, beve ‰mq` beve Avjx
‡PŠayix, G. ‡K. dRjyj nK Ges Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg ‡bZv‡`i mgš^‡q MwVZ
GKwU gymwjg ‡Wcy‡Ukb fvBmi‡qi Kv‡Q Zv‡`i Avk¼v cªKv‡ki
gva¨‡g c~e© evsjvi Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡bi ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ Zv‡K Aby‡iva
K‡iwQj| cvwU©kvb evwZ‡ji ¶wZc~iY wnmv‡e XvKvq GKwU
wek¦we`¨vjq cªwZôvi Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qM Kiv nq| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
cªwZôvi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© cªKí ‰Zwi Ki‡Z evsjvi miKvi 1921 mv‡ji 27-‡k
‡g Õbv_bÕ Kwgkb MVb K‡i| Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ 13 Rb wQj hvi g‡a¨
Kwgk‡bi ivó«cwZ wnmv‡e Avi-bv_vwb‡qj, evi-A¨vU-j, wQ‡jb| 1913
mv‡j cªKvwkZ bv_vb KwgwUi cªwZ‡e`bwU wW‡m¤^‡i
ciivó«mwP‡ei P~ovšÍ Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i|

KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgm¨v ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨, fviZ miKvi 1917-19

mv‡j m¨vWjvi Kwgkb MVb K‡iwQj| Kwgk‡bi ‡Pqvig¨vb c‡` wb‡qvM
‡c‡qwQ‡jb wjWm wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© W. Gg.B. m¨vWjvi| Zvui
mv‡_, fviZ ‡_‡K AviI `yB Rb m`m¨‡KI ‡e‡Q ‡bIqv n‡qwQj, W.
wRqvDwÏb Avng` Ges m¨vi Avï‡Zvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq| gva¨wgK wk¶vi
mgm¨v¸wj Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶vi wewfbœ w`K ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨
nv›Uvi Kwgkb wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj †hLv‡b, m¨vWjvi Kwgkb 1917-
19 MwVZ n‡qwQj ¯‹yj ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i wek¦we`¨vjq ch©šÍ wewfbœ
ch©v†qi cy‡iv wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ‡¶Î ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ | 1917-19 mv‡ji
m¨vWjvi Kwgk‡bi cªwZ‡e`b Abymv‡i, gva¨wgK wk¶vi DbœwZi
cª‡qvRb wQj hv wk¶v_©x‡`i wek¦we`¨vj‡q wk¶vi c_ myMg Ki‡e|

m¨vi ‰mq` kvgmyj û`v GKwU KwVb mgqKv‡j evsjvi gymwjg

wk¶v_©x‡`i c…ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb| wZwb KjKvZvq M«vgxY
wek¦we`¨vjqMvgx gymwjg wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ KvigvB‡Kj ‡nv‡÷j cªwZôv
K‡i Qv·`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjvi Mfb©i j‡iÝ ‡ivbvìk‡qi
Avg‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cªwZwôZ n‡qwQj 1921 mv‡j, whwb P¨v‡Ýji
wnmv‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges û`v-‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
AvRxeb m`m¨ wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQ‡jb| û`v 1912 mv‡j Awef³
evsjvi ms¯‹viK…Z AvBbmfv cwil‡`i cª_g fviZxq gymwjg ivó«cwZ nb|
1912 mv‡j evsjvi gv`«vmv¸wji mvgwM«K Ae¯’vi DbœwZ mva‡bi Rb¨
evsjvi miKvi kvgmyj û`v KwgwU MVb K‡i| Z‡e GB KwgwU
c~e©eZx© gymwjg wk¶vi Av`k© I ivR‰bwZK gZwe‡iv‡ai Kvi‡b
mycvwik¸wj Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|

we«wUk fviZ miKvi fvi‡Z mwe©K wk¶v e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi mgx¶vi Rb¨
m¨vi wdwjc ‡Rv‡md nv‡U©vM KwgwU wb‡qvM K‡iwQj| 1929 mv‡j
nv‡U©vM KwgwU wk¶v e¨e¯’vi Dci Zvi cªwZ‡e`b Rgv ‡`q| GB
KwgwU gva¨wgK I wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶vi ‡P‡q MYwk¶vq ‡ewk
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQj| nv‡U©vM KwgwU cªv_wgK ¯Í‡i wk¶vi ¯’weiZv
I e¨‡qi AcP‡qi mgm¨v¸wj‡K Zy‡j a‡iwQj|

`xN© weiwZi c‡i, 1931 mv‡j e½xq miKvi, `vwe Abymv‡i gymwjg
wk¶vi bKkv ‰Zwi Kivi Rb¨ Ôgymwjg wk¶v Dc‡`óv KwgwU (gwgb
KwgwU)Õ bv‡g GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡i| 1934 mv‡j KwgwU cy‡iv
gymwjg wk¶ve¨e¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Ges gymwjg wk¶vi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z wKQy mgm¨v Lyu‡R ‡ei K‡i| GB KwgwU gv`«vmv
wm‡÷‡gi cvV¨µ‡gi ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ wKQy mvgćm¨i civgk© I mycvwik
K‡iwQj|

m¨vi ‡ZR evnv`yi mvciæ wQ‡jb GKRb wewkó fviZxq-gyw³‡hv×v,

AvBbRxwe Ges ivRbxwZwe`| wZwb fvi‡Zi msweav‡bi Lmov cÖYq‡b
mnvqZv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv msM«v‡gi Ab¨Zg g~j e¨w³
wQ‡jb| ivDÛ ‡Uwej Kbdv‡i‡Ý (1931-33) mvciæ‡K fviZxq D`vicš’x‡`i
cªwZwbwa wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡qwQj, ‡hLv‡b fviZxq‡`i AviI ‡ewk
¯^vqËkvmb ‡`Iqvi wel‡q cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj| 1934 mv‡ji 26
‡deªyqvvwi Zv‡K wcªwf KvDw݇ji m`m¨ wbhy³ Kiv nq| 1944 mv‡j
wb`©jxq m‡¤§j‡bi ¯’vqx KwgwU GKwU KwgwU wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨
cª¯Íve M«nY K‡i hv msweav‡bi bxwZgvjvi wel‡q mycvwik Ki‡e Ges
we‡kl K‡i fvi‡Z mv¤ú«`vwqK wefvR‡bi Rb¨ c`‡ÿc †b‡e| KwgwUi
‡bZ…Z¡ ‡`Iqvi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ m¤ú«`v†qi cªwZwbwa‡`i KwgwUi
m`m¨ wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ mvciæ‡K Avgš¿b Kiv n‡qwQj| Õmvciæ KwgwUi
mvsweavwbK cª¯ÍveÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GB cªwZ‡e`bwU mvciæ KwgwUi
cªwZ‡e`b wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ cvq Ges G‡Z fvi‡Zi kvmb I ivRbxwZ
m¤úwK©Z mvsweavwbK cªkœgvjv mn 21 wU mycvwik wQj|

Ggb mgq ch©vß I h_vh_ e„wËg~jK wk¶vi Abycw¯’wZ fvi‡Z Abyf~Z

nw”Qj Ges RbMY `xN©Kvj a‡iB Gi `vwe K‡i AvmwQj| myZivs, fviZ
miKvi 1936-37 mv‡j `yB we«wUk we‡klÁ‡K fvi‡Z G‡m e„wËg~jK
wk¶vi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU cwiKíbv cª¯‘Z Ki‡Z Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡qwQj|
GB `yB we‡klÁ n‡jb G. A¨veU Ges Gm.GBP. DW| GB `yB e¨w³
cvÄve, w`wjø Ges BD.wc. ågY K‡i Pvi gv‡mi g‡a¨ e„wËg~jK wk¶vi
Dci GKwU cªwZ‡e`b ‰Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb| GB cªwZ‡e`bwU Lye GKUv
fvj wQj bv Kv‡RB mdjI nq wb| GB cªwZ‡e`‡bi wfwˇZ 1944 mv‡ji
mv‡R©›U cÖwZ‡e`b cªKvwkZ n‡qwQj| 1931 mv‡j jÛ‡b wØZxq `dvi
‡Uwej m‡¤§j‡b gnvZ¥v MvÜx we«wUk kvm‡bi Aax‡b cªv_wgK
wk¶vi AKvh©KvwiZvi welqwU wPwýZ K‡iwQ‡jb| fvi‡Z MYwk¶vi
‡e`bv`vqK cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ wZwb we«wUk bxwZ‡K `vqx K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb Bs‡iwR wk¶vi mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb KviY GwU mxwgZ
msL¨K wkw¶Z Ges msL¨vMwiô wbi¶i‡`i g‡a¨ ¯’vqxfv‡e wefvRb m„wó
K‡iwQj| 1937 mv‡j hLb gnvZ¥v MvÜx Zvui mvßvwnK nwiR‡b wk¶v
e¨e¯’v wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb, wVK ZLbB Iqviavi eywbqvw` wk¶vi mÜvb
cvIqv hvq| GB wk¶vi gva¨‡g wZwb ‡evSv‡Z ‡P†qwQ‡jb e¨w³i kixi, gb
Ges ‡PZbvi me©vZ¥K weKvk| wZwb ¯^vej¤^x wk¶v e¨e¯’v cÖYqb
Kivi cª¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb| fvi‡Z eywbqvw` wk¶vi cwiKíbv cªYq‡bi Rb¨ W.
RvwKi û‡m‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU KwgwU wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj|
KwgwU KZ©…K Rgv ‡`Iqv Ges 1938 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m cªKvwkZ
cªwZ‡e`bwU wk¶vi Iqviav w¯‹g wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

1939 mv‡j Ks‡M«m gš¿bvj‡qi c`Z¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y wk¶vi Iqviav w¯‹g

Kvh©Ki nqwb| fvi‡Z wk¶vi cwiw¯’wZ AebwZ nw”Qj Ges we«wUk
miKvi eyS‡Z ‡c‡iwQj ‡h Zviv Avi fvi‡Zi wk¶v e¨e¯’vi mgm¨vi cÖwZ
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R‡qi e¨cv‡i Avkvev`x nq, ZLb Zviv fvi‡Zi wk¶ve¨e¯’vi w`‡K cyb:ivq
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i| 1944 mv‡j m¨vi Rb mvi‡R›U‡K fvi‡Zi wk¶ve¨e¯’vi
DbœwZi Rb¨ GKwU mgwš^Z w¯‹g cª¯ÍyZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ ‡`Iqvi c‡i
wk¶v welqK mi‡R›U cwiKíbvwU G‡mwQj| we«wUk fviZ miKvi GB
cªwZ‡e`b ‰Zwii Rb¨ 22 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡iwQj|
1944 mv‡j cªwZ‡e`bwU wkÿv welqK ‡K›`«xq Dc‡`óv ‡ev†W©
(wmGweB) Rgv ‡`Iqv n‡qwQj| GB cªKíwU 1944 mv‡ji wk¶v welqK
cwiKíbv wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| fvi‡Z GKwU RvZxq wk¶ve¨e¯’v
weKv‡ki GwU cª_g cª‡Póv wQj| cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡Z 12 wU Aa¨vq wQj hv
cªvK-cªv_wgK ¯Íi ‡_‡K ïiy K‡i wek¦we`¨vjq ¯Íi ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z wQj|
cªwZ‡e`‡b cªwZwU ¯Í‡ii mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv c~e©K wk¶ve¨e¯’vq GB
mgm¨v¸wji mgvav‡bi wel‡q w`K-wb‡`©kbv ‡`Iqv n‡qwQj|

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