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CHAPTER 8
HYDROSTATICS

8.1 OVERVIEW 1
General 1
Input Files 2
Output File Descriptions 2
Outline of Program Options and Special Features 2
Program Limitations 5
8.2 DATA REQUIRED AND CALCULATED (DEFINITIONS) 5
8.3 METHOD OF CALCULATION 8
Station Areas 8
Longitudinal Integration 8
Wetted Surface 8
8.4 PROGRAM USAGE & DATA ENTRY 9
8.5 DISPLAY 11
Comparison to (.SDA) values 11
Properties at Hull Stations 11

8.1 OVERVIEW
General
This program calculates hydrostatic properties and bonjean areas for the modeled hull at specified
waterlines. When initially performing the hydrostatic calculations, input is primarily limited to
the drafts, trim, and heel at which the calculations are to be performed. All data regarding the hull
shape and appendages is read from the hull offset (.HUL) file, which is created in the Hull Offset
Entry Program.

Optional calculations include the interpolation of hydrostatics at closely spaced drafts from
calculated values, comparison with values in the ship data (.SDA) file, and the calculation of
hydrostatic properties while the ship is superimposed on a specified wave.

The standard output includes the hydrostatic tables (both long and short form) and the Bonjean
tables. Optional output includes plots of the curves of form and Bonjean areas, as well as options
Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

for calculating station properties, saving the data on a file for later review, interpolation, or use in
the Ship Data Entry Program.

Input Files
The following files may be read into the Hydrostatic program.

 
    

   
  ! "   !
 # $

$ % " 

 
 # &

% ' %  "  % 
 # &

The primary input file for performing calculations is the hull offset file (.HUL), which is created
in the Hull Offset Entry Program. Since this file is required to perform any hydrostatic
calculations, the program automatically requests this file before presenting the main menu bar.

The .HYD file is accessed under  on the main menu bar. The .SDA file is accessed in the
 
     
 option.

Output File Descriptions

 
    

   
$ 
 
# &
% 
 #

(!& ()  % 
 # &

Outline of Program Options and Special Features

The Hydrostatics Program is selected under    
 on the main HECENTRY
Control Program menu bar. Once this option is selected, the user must specify the hull offset
(.HUL) file. The main menu for the Hydrostatics Program will then appear, as shown in Figure 8-
1.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

Figure 8-1

Each menu item is listed along with the entries in the associated pop-down window menu. All the
data entry options unique to the Hydrostatics Program are described in the following sections.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics


 
File Save Hydrostatic Data File (.HYD)
Save Bonjean Data File (.BON)
Load Hydrostatic Data File (.HYD)

Gen.Info Name, Date, etc.

Units and Precision

Calculations Specify Drafts

Compute Hydrostatic & Bonjean Tables
Compute Properties at Single Draft

Display Hydrostatic Tables (Short Form)

Hydrostatic Curves (Short Form)
Hydrostatic Tables (Long Form)
Comparison to (.SDA) values
Bonjean Tables
Bonjean Curves
Properties at Hull Stations
Interpolated Hydro Tables (Short Form)
Interpolated Hydro Tables (Long Form)

Print Hydrostatic Tables (Short Form)

Hydrostatic Curves (Short Form)
Hydrostatic Tables (Long Form)
Comparison to (.SDA) values
Definition of Hydrostatic Properties
Bonjean Tables
Bonjean Curves
Properties at Hull Stations
Interpolated Hydro Tables (Short Form)
Interpolated Hydro Tables (Long Form)

Options Specify Wave Parameters

Specify Hull Deflections
Select Interpolation Range

EXIT

Each item on the main menu has associated with it various additional menu options and/or data
entry screens. These are described in detail in the following sections. Remember, certain menu
options may be unavailable (and shown in red) because related data entry is either incomplete or
incorrect.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

Program Limitations
The maximum number of drafts for the Hydrostatic and Bonjean calculations is initially limited to
200. The dimensions of the data storage arrays may be changed by editing the SIZE.DAT file.
Refer to Appendix D for more information on this topic.

8.2 DATA REQUIRED AND CALCULATED

(DEFINITIONS)
The following data items are required for using the Hydrostatics Program:

1) Hull offsets created with the Hull Offset Entry Program

2) A description of the conditions under which the calculations are to be performed (such as
drafts, trim, heel, etc.)

While the hull offsets are read from a data file, additional parameters must be entered in order to
calculate hydrostatics. These values are described in detail below and the entry screen is shown in
Figure 8-2 below.

Enter a range of Drafts for which hydrostatic data and Bonjean areas are to be computed. The
drafts need not be evenly spaced. The drafts may be either molded or keel. The draft reference
is explicitly defined by an option on the entry screen shown below. Keel drafts are measured from
the underside of the keel. If a keel thickness is not entered, the molded and keel draft would be
equivalent.

Figure 8-2

The hydrostatics can be calculated at any trim/heel combination. The trim is entered as a single
value, representing trim between perpendiculars. The drafts then refer to LCF drafts. The heel is
also entered as a single value and represents a list in degrees.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

The Density of SW and Density of FW are used to convert the volumetric displacement into
MTons or LTons. Both salt water and fresh water displacements are displayed on the long form
hydrostatic table. The short form contains the displacement in salt water only.

If the  
 
 
 
 
 option is specified, the fore and aft
drafts are entered. This option would be selected if you wish to evaluate a single condition, such
as performing a deadweight survey. When properties are computed for a single draft, the

 
 

  option becomes active in the   and 
 menus. This

output contains the section area, vertical center of section area, and the breadth of the waterline at
each station.

The hydrostatic properties can be calculated for the vessel superimposed on a single, standing,
trochoidal wave. If these properties are desired, the wave height, wave length, and wave
position must be specified. Default values of these parameters are offered based on standard
formula approximations. The wave height is defined as the full amplitude (trough to crest) and
the mean height corresponds to the entered draft. The wave position refers to the location of the
crest or trough. These parameters are specified in the 
    
 
screen (see Figure 8-3).

Figure 8-3

The hydrostatic properties can also be calculated for a deflected hull. The 
  
  
  option allows the user to specify hull deflections by either entering the

maximum deflection or specifying deflections over the length of the vessel. If a maximum
deflection is entered, the deflection curve is specified as either linear or parabolic. If deflections
are specified over the vessel's length, intermediate values are determined by linear interpolation.
The hydrostatics are calculated at the specified waterlines, with the deflections added or
subtracted to the waterline at each station accordingly.

All the calculated hydrostatic results are defined below. Note that they all refer to the molded hull
except the values of "DISP. TOTAL", "LCB", "KB", "TCB", "TPcm or TPi" and "MT1cm or
MT1in". For displays and print outs, units and result precision are consistent with the selection
made in the  section. All coefficients are based on molded volume, LBP, and Beam as
defined in the hull offset file.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

DISP. MLD (SW) Molded displacement excluding appendages in Salt Water.

DISP. TOTAL (SW) Total displacement including all appendages in Salt Water.

DISP. TOTAL (FW) Total displacement including all appendages in Fresh Water.

LCB Longitudinal Center of Buoyancy including appendages.

LCB(fwd) Longitudinal Center of Buoyancy of forebody including

appendages (calculated only if a midship station exists).

LCB(aft) Longitudinal Center of Buoyancy of afterbody including

appendages (calculated only if a midship station exists).

TCB Transverse Center of Buoyancy from the centerline of the vessel.

Note that the appendages are assumed to be symmetric about the
centerline.

KB Vertical Center of Buoyancy above baseline including appendages.

BMt Transverse Metacentric Radius (based on molded transverse inertia

and molded volume).

KMt Transverse Metacentric Height above baseline.

BMl Longitudinal Metacentric Radius (based on molded volume).

KMl Longitudinal Metacentric Height above the baseline.

TP1in (TP1cm) Tons per Inch (or cm) Immersion.

MT1in (MT1cm) Moment to Trim 1 inch (or cm).

CDT1in (CDT1cm) Change in displacement per 1 inch (or 1 cm) of trim aft.

LCF Longitudinal center of flotation.

W.P. AREA Area of waterplane.

WETTED SUR. Wetted surface area.

MAX. BEAM Maximum molded breadth at or below waterline.

LENGTH W.L. Length on the waterline.

Cb Block Coefficient

Cb (forebody) Block Coefficient of forebody (calculated only if a midship station

exists).

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

Cb (afterbody) Block Coefficient of aftbody (calculated only if a midship station

exists).

Cm Midship Section Coefficient (calculated based on the station of

maximum area).

Cp Prismatic Coefficient (calculated based on the station of maximum

area).

Cwp Waterplane Coefficient

Cit Transverse Inertia Coefficient

8.3 METHOD OF CALCULATION

The hydrostatic calculations are relatively straightforward and follow standard conventions and
definitions. Features of some of the calculations are given in the following discussion.

Station Areas
Station areas are determined from the hull offsets as described in Chapter 4, "Hull Offset Entry
Program." The areas are computed for each draft at all station locations specified in the hull file
loaded with the program. The section areas are used in the Bonjean tables and are longitudinally
integrated in the hydrostatic calculations.

Longitudinal Integration
A description of the method of longitudinal integration and station spacing is included in Chapter
4.

Wetted Surface
The wetted surface is determined from the girths at each station. These girths are calculated from
the lines and arcs which describe the station and are then longitudinally integrated to obtain the
surface area. The area of the aft-most and forward-most stations are added to the total to account
for the area at the ends.

The wetted surface area is used when computing the shell plating allowance if an average shell
plating thickness was entered with the hull description.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

8.4 PROGRAM USAGE & DATA ENTRY

(STEP-BY-STEP)
The Hydrostatics Program is for calculation only. Data entry is limited to reading in the hull
offset (.HUL) file and specifying the limits and conditions of calculations. Since the hull offset
file is required for hydrostatic calculations, the program will ask for a file name before the main
Hydrostatic Program menu bar is displayed. If no file name is entered, the Control Program menu
returns.

Once the .HUL file has been specified, the main menu bar is displayed (see Figure 8-1) with the
highlighted marker on the  menu option. When using the program, it is best to proceed
to the right sequentially through each menu option in order to ensure that all calculation
conditions are correct. Sometimes, however, you may wish to change some of the items under

  before proceeding with calculations.

Under , the  


 
   option is for retrieving hydrostatic properties
previously stored using the   

 
   option. This is useful if you want
to print these results or interpolate at intermediate drafts.

The  
   option screen can be used as with the other programs. Note, however, that
the "Order of Long'l Data Entry" has no effect at this point. It merely reflects how the hull offset
data was entered.

The options under  

  perform the primary hydrostatic calculation procedures.

Drafts for the hydrostatic and bonjean calculations are specified by selecting  
 
  
, which brings up the screen shown in Figure 8-4.

Figure 8-4

In this screen, drafts may be entered by specifying individual drafts or a range of drafts. Drafts
must be ordered from minimum to maximum, although the increment may vary. Press [F8] for
entry of minimum, maximum, and increment for a range of drafts.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

Typical uses of this screen would involve specification of a draft range followed by the insertion
of a few special drafts, such as Load Line drafts. Press [F9] to load in the drafts from
hydrostatics entered in a .SDA file. This is useful for comparing computed hydrostatics with
tabulated hydrostatics from other sources. Press [Esc] when draft entry is complete.

Parameters for the calculation of the hydrostatic and Bonjean data are specified in the screen
accessed by selecting  
 
 

  
  Entries for salt
water and fresh water densities, keel or molded drafts, keel thickness, trim and heel are available
on this screen. Note that Bonjean areas will not be computed if a non-zero heel or trim are
specified. Press [F3] when selections are complete to begin the calculations of hydrostatic
properties. If calculations on a wave or for a deflected hull are desired, those parameters should
be specified before proceeding with the calculations.

Alternatively, the hydrostatics can be computed for a single draft and trim combination.

While calculations are in progress, a table of hydrostatics results will be displayed to keep track of
the progress of the calculations.

When the calculations are completed,   and 

 options become available to view or
print the results. At this point, you may wish to use the   

 
  
option to save the hydrostatic and Bonjean data for later retrieval (these files are used by the Ship
Data Entry program).

If you exit the program or recalculate the hydrostatics at a new set of drafts, the existing data will
be lost if not saved in a file.

Interpolation of the hydrostatic data is useful when the desired draft increment is very small (say
1 cm or 1 inch). By performing the calculations at a larger increment (0.5m or 1 ft) calculation
time is reduced, any minor discontinuities in the offsets are avoided, and smooth curves and tables
can be generated.

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Chapter 8 Hydrostatics

8.5 DISPLAY
The following results can be displayed.

Hydrostatic Tables and Curves (Short Form)

Hydrostatic Tables (Long Form)
Comparison to (.SDA) values
Bonjean Tables and Curves
Properties at Hull Stations
Interpolated Hydro Tables (Short and Long Forms)

Most are straightforward displays. Two, the Comparison to (.SDA) values, and Properties at Hull
Stations, provide information especially useful in evaluating hull models.

Comparison to (.SDA) values

Often, hydrostatic tables from other sources are available. If these have been entered into the
.SDA file in the Ship Data Entry Program, then a comparison of the results calculated from the
.HUL and those entered can be displayed.

This display, as shown in Figure 8-5, provides a comparison of the hydrostatics generated from the
.HUL file or entered directly with those in the .SDA file. The differences are compared to
standards which can be set by the user in the SIZE.DAT file. The default standards are those
which Herbert Engineering Corp. applies in its development of hull models.

Figure 8-5

Properties at Hull Stations

This display is available when the hydrostatics have been calculated at a single draft and trim
combination. The Section Area, Vertical Center of Area and Waterline Breadth are displayed for
each station. This is useful for comparison of hull models to lines or offsets.

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