Reservoir Management

Section 9

Colorado School of Mines L Chorn, PhD, MBA

In Egypt Associate Professor of
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Petroleum Engineering
 In-Class Set No. 2
PROBLEM 1 SOLUTION
A discovery well drilled into a sandstone reservoir found the following properties:
Area: 200,000 square feet
Average thickness: 100 feet
Average porosity: 0.18
Average water saturation: 0.22
Oil formation volume factor: 1.20

Compute the original oil in place. If a similar reservoir has demonstrated a 17.5 percent recovery factor,
compute the recoverable volumes in this reservoir.

Thickness * area * φ * SO
Recoverable Reserves( stb) = *Rf
5.615 * BOi

2 x105 *100 * 0.18 * 0.78

= * 0.175
5.615 *1.2
= 72930. STOOIP

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 In-Class Set No. 2
PROBLEM 2 SOLUTION

The reservoir in problem one has not been developed. The discovery well has
been tested and appears to drain five percent of the reservoir volume. The
discovery well can be converted to a producing well at little or no cost. How
would you book the discovered volumes using the seven categories described in
the lecture?

Answer:
I would book 0.05*72,930 STOOIP as proved reserves. Following the SEC rules,
I would book the four well patterns adjoining the discovery well, equaling 0.20 *
72,930 STOOIP, as proved, undeveloped reserves. The rest of the STOOIP would
be booked as Probable reserves.

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 In-Class Set No. 2
PROBLEM 3 SOLUTION
1.The first appraisal well drilled in this reservoir identifies a water oil contact, not
penetrated by the discovery well, which indicates that the twenty percent of the
reservoir’s gross rock volume is at a residual oil saturation to a "waterflood" of
twenty-five percent. How would you revise:
a. the original oil in place volume and
b. the recoverable volumes?

ANSWER:
72930 0.25
a. STOOIPrevised ( stb) = * (0.8 + * 0.2)
0.175 0.78
= 360109. STOOIP

b. Recoverable Reservesrevised ( stb) = 72930 * 0.8

= 58344. STOOIP
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 In-Class Set No. 2
PROBLEM 4 SOLUTION
A second appraisal well identifies a gas cap in the reservoir that occupies ten percent of the
reservoir gross rock volume. The flanks of the reservoir have not been confirmed. There is
a market for the gas, but it will require additional facilities that are not presently budgeted in
the development plan. This second appraisal well resolved enough uncertainty about the
reservoir to justify its development through a primary depletion strategy. The development
plan includes the ability, but not the facilities, to waterflood the reservoir and double the oil
recovery factor to thirty-five percent. There are no sources of miscible gas for tertiary
flooding. If the development plan will drill-up the entire confirmed gross rock volume, how
will you book the hydrocarbon volumes in the proved, probable and possible reserve
categories once the development capital has been allocated to the field?

ANSWER:
Book the same amount of Proved, developed as before. Book the same amount of
Proved, undeveloped as before. Reduce the Probable by 20 percent to account for
water leg. Reduce the revised probable to 0.9* reduced Probable as oil and book 0.1*
reduced Probable / 6000 as Probable gas.

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 EXAMINATION PROBLEM 1
SOLUTION
Given a well is 250 feet straight west of a north-south trending fault. From pressure
transient tests, the skin factor, s, of this well is 5.0. Further, the well has been flowing for 8
days at 350 B/D. A recent pressure survey showed that average reservoir pressure is 2000
psi. Logs indicate a sand thickness of 10 ft with a permeability of 50 md. The well drains an
area with a radius of 1000 ft; the borehole radius is 0.25 ft. Fluid samples indicate that, at
current reservoir pressure, oil viscosity is 0.5 cp, compressibility is 18x10-6 psi-1 and
formation volume factor is 1.5. RB/STB. Calculate the pressure at the flowing well.

qBµ   1688 φ µ c r 2     − 948 φ µ c (2L)2 

( pi − pwf ) = −70.6 ln t w  − 2 s  − 70.6 qBµ  Ei t 
kh   kt   kh   kt 
      

350 *1.5 * 0.5   1688 * 0.16 * 0.5 * (18x10-6 ) * 0.252  

pwf = 2000 + 70.6 ln − 2 * 5 +
50 *10   50 * 8  
   
350 *1.5 * 0.5   − 948 * 0.16 * 0.5 * (18x10-6 ) (500) 2 
70.6 Ei
50 *10   50 * 8 
  
= 1071 psi
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 EXAMINATION PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION

A well producing only oil and dissolved gas has produced 12,373 STB. The well
has not been stimulated, nor is there any reason to believe that there is any
formation damage. A pressure buildup test is run. During buildup there is a rising
liquid level in the wellbore. Well and reservoir data are provided

12173
tp = * 24 = 295 hours
988
t p + ∆t
= 52
∆t
∆t = 5.80
m = 725 psi/cycle
qBµ 162.6 * 988 *1.126 * 0.55
k = 162.6 =
mh 725 * 7
k = 19.6 md
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 EXAMINATION PROBLEM 3
SOLUTION
Recall the example field in which a fault was discovered just 235 feet from the two
wellbores. Recompute the reserve movements when the fault passes through the two
wellbores. This will change the proved reserve volumes in these two well and modify the
reserves reported in the field at year-end. Develop a new remaining reserves estimate and
reserve replacement number. See Section 7 for the example.

Proven, Develop volume

= 4* drainage volume * recoverable resources - fault “effect”
unit drainage volume
+ reserves from new well
= 4 * 0.10085 MMbbls - volume not drained by wells 3 and 4
+ 0.082 MM bbls
= 0.4034 MM bbls – 2 * 0.5 * 0.10085 + 0.082 MM bbls
= 0.3846

Proved, Undeveloped volume

= (fraction of recoverable reserves in drilled portion of field)
* 3.067 MMbbls - 0.082 MMbbls
= (103.4 MM ft3 / 230.2 MM ft3) *3.067 – 0.082
= 0.449 * 3.067 – 0.082
= 1.296 MM bbls
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 EXAMINATION PROBLEM 3
SOLUTION continued

2004
Beginning of Year 1.1434 MM bbls
+ Discoveries and Extensions 0.5368
± Revisions 0.
+ Improved Recovery 0.0
- Production 0.3253
End of Year 1.355 MM bbls

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 EXAMINATION PROBLEM 4
SOLUTION

From measurements in several wells, we find that a field has a range of reservoir
properties as shown below. Fluid saturations include both oil and water, so
compressibility is a combination of Co, Cw, and Cf. Calculate the range of time
to establish pseudo steady-state flow in a newly drilled well that is centered in a
circular drainage pattern. Use the shape table to determine the threshold value of
tD, see slide 10 of Session 6 for the equation for the dimensionless time.
ct ,min = co S o + cw S w + c f
ct ,min = 0.6 *15 x10 −6 + 0.4 * 3x10 −6 + 4 x10 −6
ct ,min = 14.2 x10 −6
ct ,max = 0.7 * 20 x10 −6 + 0.3 * 6 x10 −6 + 4 x10 −6
ct ,max = 30.8 x10 −6
0.06φµct A 0.06 * 0.12 * 0.5 *14.2 x10 −6 * 40 * 43560
t min = = = 0.28 hours
0.00634k 0.00634 * 50
t max = 11.4 hours 10