NAME OT STUDENT ABDUREHMAN ULLAH KHAN

STUDENT ID 40931

TITLE FINAL PAPER

COURSE ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY & DESIGN

FACULTY SYED MUNTAZIR MEHDI

DATE OF SUBMISSION 29 NOV, 2020

QUESTION 01:
Answer 01:
At the lower part of the organization is the working centre. These are the individuals that
accomplish the essential work of creating the items or conveying the administrations. In the
least difficult organizations, the administrators are generally independent, planning through
shared change. In those organizations, there is basically only working centre.

As the organization develops, the requirement for direct oversight increments. This outcomes
in the improvement of a key summit, which in the easiest case is only a solitary director. The
peak is accused of guaranteeing that the organization executes its central goal. They are
dependable to the proprietors, government organizations, associations, networks, and so on
As the organization grows even larger, one manager can't handle all the workers, and so there
are multiple managers of workers, plus a manager to manage the managers. This creates a
middle line which transmits authority from the top to the bottom.

In Frederick Taylor's view, it was the primary responsibility of the managers to figure out
how work should be done by the workers. However, as organizations become larger, they
typically develop a separate group of people -- analysts -- who take on the job of figuring out
what the company's technology should be and what the company's procedures should be.
These analysts form the techno structure of the organization. The techno structure’s mission
is to effect coordination through standardization. For example, the industrial engineers
standardize work processes; the strategic planners standardize outputs, and the personnel
trainers and recruiters standardize skills.
Finally, the organization adds other administrative units that provide services to itself, such as
a cafeteria, mailroom, legal counsel, public relations, etc. These are called the support staff.

The apex, middle line, and operating core are known collectively as line positions. In
contrast, the techno structure and care staff are known collectively as staff positions. Initially,
the importance of these terms was that line positions had formal power to decide, while staff
positions didn't: they prompted the individuals who did. Today, that significance has moved.
Line alludes to individuals that work straightforwardly on the fundamental results of the
organization or deal with the individuals who do. Staff alludes to individuals who develop
and keep up the organization's infrastructure. As it were, staff positions resemble streets
while line positions resemble the vehicles that sudden spike in demand for top of the streets.
Question 02:
Answer 02:
Google has emerged as one of the most successful organizations of the century and is the
market leader in the segments it operates into. With a focus on customer comfort, the
association has created products ranging from search engines to distributed storage. It is the
powerhouse of the World Wide Web and accounts for the source of over 80% of the world's
internet searches. As the digital period evolves, Google is outfitted to lead the world by
maintaining its dominance in the search and promotion business which is the significant
source of its income. At the same time, it continues to make significant investments in other
digital sectors.
Strategic Priorities
Below are the strategic priorities of Google:

 Improving its existing search algorithms

 Smartphone platform (Android)
 Digital commerce
 Branded hardware product (Google Pixel)
 Artificial intelligence (self-driven cars)
 Healthcare (using data analytics and artificial intelligence)
 Alignment between strategic priorities and mission statement

The core of Google’s mission statements aims at providing access to the information globally
and use the information for the welfare of human beings and planet Earth. Google has access
to huge datasets and users, and it is using this data to create solutions that can enable humans
to save resources. Google is developing tools to create and analyse individual specific health
datasets that can come in handy in case of emergency. Google has been investing heavily in
artificial intelligence and has introduced features like voice search.

Google has been instrumental in introducing sustainable and renewable energy in the
corporate sector. It is among the first few corporate to completely turn its offices worldwide
as energy self-sustainable. In fact, it has been able to further reduce the energy consumption
of its data centres by 15%. It has been ranked as the number 1 organization for patent
registration in artificial intelligence consecutively between 2013-18.
Conclusion
Google's recent investment and acquisitions reveal that it is prioritizing the AI, machine
learning, cloud computing, and e-commerce sector. The CEO of Alphabet – Mr. Pichai has
been very vocal in these sectors. Google has been very successful in harnessing the power of
data for the welfare of humans and will continue to do so in decades to come.

Question 03:
Answer 03:
Microsoft Corporation is an American worldwide innovation organization with base camp in
Redmond, Washington. It creates, fabricates, licenses supports, and sells PC programming,
customer hardware, PCs, and related administrations. Its most popular programming items
are the Microsoft Windows line of working frameworks, the Microsoft Office suite, and the
Internet Explorer and Edge internet browsers. Its leader equipment items are the Xbox video
game consoles and the Microsoft Surface line up of touchscreen PCs. Microsoft positioned
No. 21 in the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the biggest United States corporations by
complete income; it was the world's biggest programming creator by income starting at 2016
and is viewed as one of the home-grown Big Five innovation organizations.

The company is run by a board of directors made up of generally company outcasts, as is

customary for traded on an open market companies. Board individuals are chosen each year
at the annual shareholders' gathering utilizing a majority vote framework. There are four
advisory groups inside the board that regulate more explicit matters. These advisory groups
incorporate the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company
including auditing and revealing; the Compensation Committee, which approves
compensation for the CEO and other workers of the company; the Governance and
Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including the nomination of
the board; and the Regulatory and Public Policy Committee, which incorporates
legal/antitrust matters, along with privacy, trade, digital safety, artificial knowledge, and
environmental sustainability.

Revenue Net income Total Assets

Year in mil. US$ in mil. US$ in mil. US$ Employees

125,843
2019 39,240 286,556 144,106

Subsidiaries
Microsoft is an international business. Accordingly, it needs auxiliaries present in whatever
public business sectors it decides to collect. A model is Microsoft Canada, which it
established in 1985. Different nations have comparative establishments, to channel benefits
back up to Redmond and to distribute the profits to the holders of MSFT stock.

Just as public auxiliaries, Microsoft has thought that it was advantageous to assemble its
patent lawyers into Microsoft Technology Licensing (MTL), which is run as a LLC. In 2020,
the NASDAQ stock exchange appraised MTL as number four on its list of firms with the
most number of patent reports documented.
Corporate Culture

Microsoft is a big company that operates across many geographies, and it is important that
they build common language to effectively drive cultural change. In a previous employee
pulse survey, 65% of the respondents said they have some level of awareness about being an
ally in the workplace. But while many employees are aware of the concepts of ally ship, they
independently defined the concept in many different ways, including: advocating different
backgrounds, showing empathy, and working together as one team, helping others without
personal gain, and speaking up for others when observing nonexclusive behaviour emerged
as the top five themes. It’s important that within Microsoft, we do our part to ensure there is
consistency in understanding and communication as we engage.

At Microsoft, an ally is someone who makes the intentional decision to understand,

empathize, and act in support of someone else. It’s not a person’s identity. Rather, it’s a
lifelong commitment and practice

Accessibility

Having a more diverse and inclusive workforce helps Microsoft shape technology that can
serve the full range of human experiences and needs. Because they aspire to innovate items
and administrations that engage all, they draw on the full range of human variety to create
novel ideas and find new answers for society's most squeezing issues. It stretches out to the
way of life of their workplace and weaving accessibility into the fabric of their company—
from employing individuals with disabilities, to giving seamless experiences in the
workplace, creating inclusive marketing, and awarding our Accessibility in real life digital
badge

Noted for its internal vocabulary, the articulation "eating your own canine food" is utilized to
depict the strategy of utilizing pre-release and beta forms of items inside Microsoft with an
end goal to test them in "real-world" situations.

Microsoft is a candid adversary of the cap on H-1B visas, which allow companies in the U.S.
to utilize certain unfamiliar specialists. Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it hard
to recruit representatives for the company.

Environment

Microsoft's main U.S. campus got a silver attestation from the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed in excess of 2,000 solar
panels on top of its buildings at its Silicon Valley campus, making around 15 percent of the
total energy needed by the facilities in April 2005. Microsoft makes use of elective forms of
transit. It made one of the world's largest private bus systems, the "Connector", to transport
individuals from outside the association; for on-campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect"
uses a gigantic naval force of crossover cars to save fuel. The association also subsidizes
commonplace public transport, given by Sound Transit and King County Metro, as an
inspiration. In February 2010 regardless, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional
open transport and high-inhabitancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to the State Route 520 and its
floating extension associating Redmond to Seattle; the association might not want to
postpone the construction any further. Microsoft was positioned number 1 in the list of the
World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute in 2011. In
January 2020, the association promised to dispose of from the atmosphere the whole of the
carbon that it has delivered since its establishment in 1975. On October, 9, 2020, Microsoft
made their work from home course of action lasting.
Question 04:
ANSWER 04:
I might want to name, where I work and the name is Correct Headings. I named as the
powerful association as it incorporates numerous components behind it, for example,
cooperation, and inspiration from high level administration and above all direction from
specialists. Starting with the cooperation, there were a few circumstances in the past we as a
group needed to achieve numerous targets and the coordination among us functioned
admirably to accomplish the goals, Coming to inspiration, so not at all like different
associations high level administration propelled us all so we can improve our exhibitions and
furthermore consequently can be productive for the association moreover. At long last, for
this the direction is additionally fundamental for the worker when the individual is befuddled
on the expert way. In this way, every one of these variables are remembered for my
organization making a compelling one.
Furthermore, the effectiveness based on the factors like communication, Productivity,
Turnover, Decision Making Process etc., are:

1. Communication

Communication is must to have from ground level labourers to top level management and
this make my association more successful in light of the fact that all the representatives of
any level are really permitted to speak with any concerned individual to have a legitimate
direction and to likewise spare time. Aside from this, it likewise ensures that
communication should be done frequently so everybody should feel good while working
in the workplace.

2. Productivity

With team work, motivation, communication and guidance increases the productivity and
so it accomplished for deliberately for RIGHT Headings. Likewise, confidence in the
workers gave them opportunity to take the choices autonomously and this alos helped in
expanding the productivity.

3. Turnover
 After the expansion in productivity, the turnover likewise makes a positive factor for
RIGHT Bearings and this made association in a beneficial state as well as had an
effect in the business which drove the association to remain over the long haul
moreover.
4. Decision Making Process

Right Directions offered autonomy to each worker however for each significant
choice, the entire association made to sit together to talk about significant and critical
focuses which likewise cause the association to notice the musings and aptitudes of
every representative towards them.
So, like this situations and in several ways organisation can be considered as effective.