Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2885 Lean Seminar - Dan 1
2885 Lean Seminar - Dan 1
Trening
Lean filozofija
Istorija Tojote
5S - Red i čistoća
Gemba kaizen
Vizuelno upravljanje
SMED
Poke Yoka
Standardizovane radne procedure
Takt proizvodnje
Tem pus Project LeanEA, Universit y of Novi Sad, Trg Dosit eja O bradovi ca 5, 21000 No vi Sad
Web si te: www .LeanEA.uns. ac.r s ; E- m ail: LeanE A@un s.ac.r s ; Tel: +381 21 485 2020; Fax: +381 21 450 418
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James P. Womack
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Fizička i
Heijunka Brza reakcija Niska cena Nula škarta mentalna Izazov Opunomoćenost
bezbednost
Tok Kvalitet
Cilj: najviši kvalitet, najniže cene, najkraće ukupno vremen proizvodnje Pull Kanban “Zaustavi Ugrađen
liniju” kvalitet
Just-in-Time Jidoka Termini- Vreme
Principi ranje takta 5 zašto Poka yoke
Zaustavi i obavesti
o nepravilnostima Jedan komad
Kontinuirani tok Rešavanje
Idi - vidi
problema
Takt proizvodnje
JIT Nivelisanje
Pull sistem Odvojiti rad čoveka i
rad mašina
Standardizovan posao Stabilnost Kontinualno unapređenje
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Istorija Lean-a
Principi Tojotinog sistema proizvodnje
Izazov Dugoročna vizija,
odbažnost i kreativnost!
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Osnova za poboljšanje 5S je osnova za poboljšanje
Neposredno radno okruženje je značaj-
ano kao ključni pokretač postizanja
Obezbediti čisto, uredno, bezbedno i produktivno
visokog kvaliteta, niske cene i brze radno mesto.
isporuke.
Mogu li poboljšanja proizvoda doći do Sortirati 躾(しつけ、Shitsuke)
izražaja u neurednom i prljavom
Standardizovati
pogonu, odnosno radnoj sredini?
Možemo li očekivati da ljudi u
sumornom okruženju maksimalno 整理(せいり、Seiri) 清潔(せいけつ、Seiketsu)
5S
iskažu svoje potencijale? Sustain Održavati
Može li slobodan um, pun svežih ideja, • Moć zapažanja
da funkcioniše u pretrpanom radnom u haotičnim Organizovati Očistiti
prostoru? uslovima rada!
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Šta je 5S? 5S Elementi
– Sort – Sortirati (Osloboditi se svega što nije
• 5S je sistematičan pristup za poboljšanje potrebno)
efikasnosti radnog mesta kroz organizaciju. – Set – Organizovati, urediti (Pravilno razmestiti
• Cilj je smanjiti gužvu, otkriti i otkloniti gubitke, i potrebne stvari, ograničiti zalihe)
sprečiti njihovo ponovno pojavljivanje u – Shine – Očistiti (Očistiti sve spolja i iznutra)
budućnosti. – Standardize – Standardizovati (Definisati
• Poboljšati urednost radnog mesta – nalazeći pravila za održavanje prva 3S)
posebno mesto za sve i ostavljajući sve na svom – Sustain – Održavati (Obezbediti poštovanje
mestu. pravila)
• 5S se odnosi na organizaciju radnog mesta i 5S u US: Sort, Straighten, Sweep, Standardize, Self Disciple
predstavlja osnovu Lean proizvodnje. Sortirati, Ispraviti, Očistiti, Standardizovati, Samodisciplinovati
5S + 1S (Safety, Sigurnost) = 6S
5S + 2S (Safety and Security, Sigurnost i Bezbednost) = 7 S (Agilent
Technology koja je deo Hewlett Packard-a)
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• Video vizuelno
upravljanje
Vizelno upravljanje
Crveno – zaustavljanje linije
Žuto – poziv za pomoć
Zeleno – normalan rad
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5S – Primer
Pogled na pogon
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Sortirati (Sort, Seiri) Crvene etikete (Red Tag)
• Identifikovati i ukloniti gužvu Jednokratna aktivnost
• Klasifikovati stvari na osnovu učestalosti korišćenja uklanjanja ili premeštanja
• Izbaciti sve što se ne koristi (vežba sa crvenom etiketom) nepotrebnih stvari
Kriterijum sortiranja 1. Identifikovati nepotrebne stvari,
opremu koja se ne koristi, itd.
Učestalost korišćenja Aktivnost
Nikada (nepotrebno) Odbaciti
2. Popuniti i okačiti crvenu etiketu.
Jednom godišnje Smestiti u skladište 3. Uneti u dnevnik crvenih etiketa.
Jednom mesečno Smestiti u fabriku ili kancelariju
4. Stvari označene crvenom
Jednom nedeljno Smestiti u najbliže radno okruženje
Jednom dnevno ili češće Smestiti na radno mesto
etiketom moraju se ukloniti ili
Pitanja koja treba postaviti:
premestiti u roku od 30 dana.
Izvor: www.superfactory.com
Čemu služi?
Koliko je često potrebno? Crveno etiketiranje: A red tag attack je strategija tima koji prolazi kroz
fabriku i stavlja crvene etikete na sve što nije bilo korišćeno u prethodnih
Da li je potrebno da bude na ovoj lokaciji? A na nekoj drugoj lokaciji? 30 dana. Stvari za koje zaposleni tvrdi da su neophodne, mogu da ostanu
Koliko toga je potrebno? neobeležene samo ako direktno nadređeni rukovodilac to odobri, inače se
Ko to koristi? uklanjaju!
Postoji li neki drugi razlog zbog kojeg bi to trebalo da bude ovde?
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Organizovati, urediti
(Set in Order, Seiton)
Uočavate li razliku?
• Sortirati – Svi nepotrebni alati, delovi i zalihe uklonjeni su • Da se poboljšaju: bezbednost, kvalitet
• Organizovati – Naći mesto za sve i sve postaviti na svoje mesto proizvoda i radno okruženje
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(Standardize,
Standardize, Seiketsu)
Seiketsu)
• Definisati standard za prva 3 S-a.
• Proslediti informacije članovima tima, tako da ne dođe
do konfuzije ili grešaka koje se tiču:
– Lokacija (alata, prolaza),
– Isporuka,
– Destinacija,
– Količina,
– Rasporeda (čišćenja),
– Zastoja (održavanje),
Prostor je očišćen tokom redovnog rada (najbolje) i/ili postoje
rutinkse procedure kojima se obezbeđuje da radni prostor – Procedura i standarda.
bude čist. Izvor: www.tocforme.com/ppt/5sbasictrainingppt.ppt • Učiniti da svi budu upoznati sa standardima (vizelno).
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Održavati (Sustain,
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Sustain, Shitsuke)
Shitsuke) Sa organizovanim radnim mestom
Sustain
Defekti su smanjeni
Vreme ćišćenja je minimizovano
• Održavati rutinu! Dnevno pet minuta za 5S
aktivnosti Zalihe su smanjene
• Svako dugoročno učestvuje u 5S (obuka) Održavanje je poboljšano
• Podsticati i prepoznavati dostignuća Bezbednost je povećana
• Redovno sprovoditi nadgledanje i reviziju Radnici su efikasniji
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Toyota 5S Toyota 5S
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Toyota 5S Toyota 5S
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Toyota 5S Toyota 5S
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Toyota 5S Toyota 5S
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1. Vežba
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Toyota 5S
Ormani
• Ormani su deo poslovnog okruženja u radionici, pogonu ili
kancelariji. Ovi delovi nameštaja su deo 5S režima i ne treba da
budu posmatrani kao mesta za sakrivanje ostataka i otpadaka!
• Sa stanovišta vizuelnog upravljanja i 5S-a ormani imaju jednu lošu
osobinu: vrata nisu providna. Takva vrata sakrivaju sadržaj ormana,
njegovo stanje uređenosti i ograničavaju brzinu pristupa
dokumentima, alatima i drugim stvarima koje su u njima smeštene.
Zatvorena vrata ne omogućavaju da se iz blizine ili sa udaljenog
mesta vide tražene stvari, alati ili dokumenti. Potrebno je doći do
ormana, otvoriti vrata, ... ustanoviti da li je nešto tu ili ne.
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1. Vežba – rešenje 1 1. Vežba – rešenje 2
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Police
Ukloniti vrata, da bi sadržaj bio vidljiv.
Sada kada je sadržaj vidljiv treba da zadovolji pravila 5S:
•biti zaista koristan i često upotrebljavan;
•imati precizno definisanu lokaciju; i
•biti čist i pripremljen za narednu upotrebu.
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Smestiti u fasciklu
Kartica dobijena za vizit karte Preneti informacije
• Tokom učešća na nekoj konferenciji ili skupu (zapisati datum) (arhiva sa brzim u adresar
rutinski razmenjujemo vizit karte. Nažalost, pristupom)
retki su oni koji ih organizuju na pravi način.
Organizovanje vizit karti
• Zapravo, bar polovina vizit karti je beskorisna u priručnoj fascikli
od samog početka. One se razmenjuju samo 1. Odbaciti (bezuslovno!) sve vizit karte koje
formalno, bez želje i namere da se u su starije od dve godine
budućnosti koriste. 2. Zadržati u fascikli sve kartice ljudi sa
kojima ste u stalnom kontaktu
• U ovoj vežbi, pretpostavimo da imate veliki 3. Preostale kartice smestiti u kutiju za vizit
broj neorganizovanih vizit karti. Kako karte (“udaljena” arhiva)
možemo primeniti 5S da upravljamo ovim
karticama, kako da ih transformišemo tako Organizovanje vizit karti
Smestiti karticu u kutiju za u udaljenoj arhivi
da postanu koristan resurs kompanije?
vizit karte (“udaljena”
Napraviti grupe od po 6 članova.
arhiva); zapisati današnji Odbaciti (bezuslovno!) sve vizit
datum na kutiju karte koje su starije od tri godine
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Reference
Knjige
• Lean Manufacturing Advisor (2006) Visual
Tools: collected practices and cases,
Productivity Press, New York
• Hiroyuki Hirano (1995) 5 Pillars of the
Visual Workplace, Productivity Press, New
York
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Koristi od standardizovanja:
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6 Ključnih dokumenata
Tabela opterećenja radnika
1.2
M anual Loading per Unit
Time (seconds)
0.8
0.6
0
M illing Setting VB H Front VBH B ack Elphiac
Manual Loading per Unit 1.026 1.045 1.237 1.045 1.147
Operator Takt Time 1.327 1.327 1.327 1.327 1.327
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1.4
By: CLD
Date: 1-19-03
Tabela kapaciteta procesa
1.2
Manual Loading per Unit
Operator Takt Time
•Dokumentuje kapacitet mašina po smeni
1 •Formira se jedna tabela po ćeliji
Time (seconds)
Alex D'Angelo
PROCESS CAPACITY FORM
Part No.
25,000
Operating Time Per
Shift In Seconds
33,180
Manual Auto
Tool Change / Setup (seconds)
2 Setting A1 0.667 2.727 9000 900 0.10 3.4939 9496 Assume 1.3 Hk
standardne aktivnosti, A2
S8
0.733
0.667
2.308
1.765
9000
9000
900
900
0.10
0.10
3.141
2.5314
10563
13108
Assume 1.1 Hk
Assume 2 Hk
Milling Setting VBH Front VBH Back Elphiac ne treba da budu uključeno
Manual Loading per Unit 1.026 1.045 1.237 1.045 1.147
Operator Takt Time 1.327 1.327 1.327 1.327 1.327
u tabelu 33167
Feet
Theoretical
Total
Capacity
Assumptions: 450 foot coils on all machines, each loaded & unloaded (worst case)
Running at typical rates for the pitch specified
20 coils between change-overs (3-4 changeovers per shift)
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TOTAL 2.867 10.800 0.400
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Total Time
Za dalji rad – potrebno je odrediti takt
Process
Process Machine # of feet per Replacement Tool Chg to Compl. Capacity
Remarks
Step No. Manual Auto (seconds)
Description No. change Time Time
2 Setting A1 0.667 2.727 9000 900 0.10 3.4939 9496 Assume 1.3 Hk
A2 0.733 2.308 9000 900 0.10 3.141 10563 Assume 1.1 Hk Takt – ritam proizvodnje, kojim se
S8 0.667 1.765 9000 900 0.10 2.5314 13108 Assume 2 Hk
A3 0.800 4.000 9000 900 0.10 4.9 6771 Assume 5/8 zadovoljava tražnja za proizvodom
33167
Theoretical
Total
Princip: Sve poslovne / proizvodne
Feet Capacity aktivnosti su usklađene sa intenzitetom
Assumptions: 450 foot coils on all machines, each loaded & unloaded (worst case)
potražnje od strane kupaca
Running at typical rates for the pitch specified
20 coils between change-overs (3-4 changeovers per shift)
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1
Description of Operation
300
Time
Auto
600
Walk
50
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Available Time
2100 2200 2300 2400
3 Inspect S8 30 710 50
Kombinuje rad radnika, rad mašine i vreme 4 Unload & Load A2 330 519 50
2 Inspect A2
Inspect A2 120 519 150
5
Inspect S8
Inspect
Unload &
Unload & Load
Inspect
S8
Load A2
A2
Inspect A1
A1
30
330
120
710
519
600
50
50
70
radnika
6 Unload
Unload &
& Load
Load S8
S8 300 710 50
Inspect A2,
Inspect A2,
7 120 519 90
Walk back
Walk back to
to A1
A1
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TOTAL 1320
1320 X 510
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posebno + 1 5 R.M.
1 + Tools
Naglašava mesta gde postoji opasnost od A3 S8 6
3
2 4 7
F.G.
F.G.
1
+
Naglašava mesta provere
A1
+ 1 5 R.M.
A2
1 F.G.
1 + R.M. R.M.
kvaliteta izvršenog posla A3 S8 6
3
Tools
2 4 7
+
A2
1 F.G.
R.M. R.M.
Mesto gde se nalaze zalihe Quality Check Safety Precaution Standard WIP # Pieces WIP
3
Cycle Takt Time
2256s (38 min)
Cycle Time
1830s (31 min)
Quality Check Safety Precaution
+
Standard WIP # Pieces WIP
33
Cycle Takt Time
2256s
2256s (38
(38 min)
min) 1830s
1830s (31
Cycle Time
(31 min)
min) +
Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia
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143 157
Time
300
2 WALK 6:14 8:55 36:40 9:49 43:19
to A2 7 95 163 379 54 7 43 50
3 INSP. 9:24 9:49 42:58 13:02 45:21
A2 190 54 378 193 122 54 66 120
•Prikupljanje informacija o trajanju svake 4 WALK
to S8
12:48
204
12:18
149
20:58
476
47:09
108 108 42 150
aktivnosti 5 INSP.
S8
12:59
11
12:35
17
21:13
15
48:26
77 11 19 30
6 WALK 13:40 13:06 21:49 50:15
•Minimum 10 puta, preporučljivo 30 puta 7
to A2
UNLOAD - LOAD
101
19:46
31
20:14 55:37
36
28:14
109
55:45
31 19 50
to A1 17 84 55 133 17 33 50
•Otkriva varijacije u trajanju No.
Operator:
Process:
Component Task(s) 1
John
John
Setting
Setting
2 3
TIME OBSERVATION FORM
4 5 6 7
Obs. Date
Obs. Time
8 9
1/15/04
1/15/04
77 A.M.
A.M.
10
Analysis #
Observer
Lowest
Elemental
Time
Adjust-
ment
APT
11
APT // CLD
CLD
Adjusted
Elemental
Time
9 INSP.
A1
23:19
213
21:00
29
58:19
78
30:40
91
59:20
82 29 91 120
2
A1
A1
WALK
WALK
367
6:14
6:14
440
8:55
8:55
283
36:40
36:40
210
9:49
9:49
143
43:19
43:19
143 157 300
300
10 WALK 25:19 22:00 33:44 1:00:46
to
to A2
A2 7 95 163 379 54 7 43 50
50
3 INSP.
INSP. 9:24
9:24 9:49
9:49 42:58
42:58 13:02
13:02 45:21
45:21 to S8 120 60 184 86 60 10 70
A2
A2 190 54 378 193 122 54 66 120
120
varijacija
7 UNLOAD
UNLOAD -- LOAD
LOAD 19:46
19:46 20:14
20:14 55:37
55:37 28:14
28:14 55:45
55:45
8
A2
A2
WALK
WALK
366 428
20:31
20:31
759
57:01
57:01
385
29:09
29:09
330
57:58
57:58
330 0 330
330
to A2 73 119 299 89 41 41 9 50
to
to A1
A1 17 84 55 133 17 33 50
50
9 INSP.
INSP.
A1
23:19
23:19
213
21:00
21:00
29
58:19
58:19
78
30:40
30:40
91
59:20
59:20
82 29 91 120
13 INSP. 34:18 27:01 1:06:22 38:40 1:08:17
A1 120
10 WALK
WALK
to
to S8
S8
25:19
25:19
120
22:00
22:00
60
33:44
33:44
184
1:00:46
1:00:46
86 60 10 70
70
A2 180 54 184 58 116 54 66 120
11 UNLOAD
UNLOAD -- LOAD
LOAD 30:05
30:05 24:06
24:06 36:13
36:13 1:05:40
1:05:40
S8
S8 346 126 149 294 126 174 300
300 14 WALK 39:29 29:14 1:10:06 40:02 1:10:31
12 WALK
WALK 31:18
31:18 26:05
26:05 1:03:18
1:03:18 37:42
37:42 1:06:21
1:06:21
13
to
to A2
A2
INSP.
INSP.
73
34:18
34:18
119
27:01
27:01
299
1:06:22
1:06:22
89
38:40
38:40
41
1:08:17
1:08:17
41 9 50
50 to A1 311 133 224 82 134 82 8 90
A2
A2 180 54 184 58 116 54 66 120
120
14 WALK
WALK
to
to A1
A1
39:29
39:29
311
29:14
29:14
133
1:10:06
1:10:06
224
40:02
40:02
82
1:10:31
1:10:31
134 82 8 90
90
Time for 1 Cycle 2489 1752 2452 2402 1829 1093 737 1830
Time for 1 Cycle
Units Produced per cycle
2489
A1:
A1: 450ft
450ft 20.5min
1752
20.5min auto
2452
auto cycle;
cycle; A2:
2402
A2: 450
450 ft,
1829
ft, 17.3min;
17.3min; S8:
S8: 800
800 ft
ft 24min
24min -- total
total 1700
1700 ft
ft
1093
1093 737
Low time for 1 cycle:
1830
1830
Units Produced per cycle A1: 450ft 20.5min auto cycle; A2: 450 ft, 17.3min; S8: 800 ft 24min - total 1700 ft Low time for 1 cycle:
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UVP 210
Osoblje = = = 3.68 = 4 Operatera
TT 57
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TT = 57
A B C
D
8
33 / 37 34 / 37
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Agenda
• Šta je to Gemba?
• Šta je to Kaizen?
Gemba Kaizen • Kaizen napad/proboj/događaj/KAIKAKU
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Šta je to Gemba?
Šta je to Gemba? • Japanska reč koja
označava “stvarno
mesto“ ili mesto na
kojem se odvijaju
prave akcije
• U poslovanju,
GEMBA,
“trenutno” “mesto” podrazumeva prostor
na kojem se izvršuju
aktivnosti koje stvaraju
dodatu vrednost
“stvarno mesto” • U proizvodnji,
GEMBA,
podrazumeva prostor
(Zanimljivost: Guru iz oblasti Menadžmenta znanjem Ikujiro Nonaka govori o gde se vrši
‘Ba’ kao o prostoru ili zajedničkom uslovima za uspostavljanje znanja) proizvodnja
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• GEMBA KAIZEN naglašava da se pravi napredak može • U njima on propoveda pet zlatnih pravila Gemba unapređenja,
postići jedino u proizvodnom pogonu gde se obavljaju 1. “Ukoliko se neki problem uvećava, odmah treba analizirati Gembu”.
poslovi, a NE samo u inženjerskim kancelarijama Dakle, šta je Gemba? To je proizvodni pogon, odnosno mesto na
kojem se vrši proizvodnja. U proizvodnji treba:
2. Proveriti “gembutsu” (relevantne činjenice).
3. Izvršiti privremena merenja/posmatranja činjenica.
4. Pronaći izvor problema.
5. Standardizovati parametre, kako se problem ne bi ponavljao.
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“promena” “dobro”
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Šta je Kaizen?
• Kontinuirano, postepeno i uredno unapređenje celokupnih procesa ili
njihovih delova, kako bi se stvorila nova vrednost sa minimumom
gubitaka.
• Sve što radimo može se poboljšati. - Kaizen nema kraja.
• Kaizen okuplja dobre ideje i koncepte, isprobavajući ih, a ukoliko se
pokažu neuspešnim pokušava se sa nečim drugim!
• Postoje dva nivoa Kaizena
– Sistemski Kaizen - fokus je na celokupnom sistemu (Kaizen za
menadžment).
– Procesni Kaizen - fokus je na pojedinačnim procesima (Kaizen za vođe i
članove timova).
• Kaizen događaj: Kaizen aktivnost obično traje pet dana, u okviru
kojih tim identifikuje i ostvari značajan napredak u procesu, na pr.
razvoj Radnih jedinica.
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Šta je “KAIZEN” ?
13 / 57 14 / 57
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KAIZEN system
Povrat
Profit
Deljenje
profita sa svim Svakodnevni rad uz ”KAIZEN”
QC
zaposlenima
5S Vizuelni menadžment
GEMBA
… …
Svi zaposleni
1
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Potrebno je da svi u
preduzeću dele
Top
Management “KAIZEN” koncept
DA
Srednji menadžment
i zaposleni u upravi
DA “KAIZEN”
Stalno unapređivanje
(filozofija i kultura)
“GEMBA”
Definitivno, DA
Operativa
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“KAIZEN”
Stalno unapređivanje
“GEMBA” (filozofija i kultura)
Field operation
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Omogućava uvid u važne parametre. Koristi se kada je potrebno prikazati relativni uticaj parametara, kako
Služi za organizovanje podataka , počev od bi se na pravi način:
Pareto dijagram najvećih vrednosti ka najmanjima. • Odabrao početak u rešavanju problema,
• Pratila uspešnost,
• Identifikovao osnovni uzrok problema.
Run Chart Metoda za predstavljanje trendova. Koristi se kada je potrebno na jednostavan način prikazati trend
kretanja određenog parametra u posmatranom periodu.
Prezentovanje podataka u odnosu na njihovu Koristi se kada je potrebno predstaviti podatke u odnosu na njihovu
Histogrami
učestalost. vrednost po svim kategorijama.
Slikovito predstavljanje koraka nekog procesa. Koristi se kada je potrebno porediti trenutnu i idealnu putanju kojom
Dijagram toka ide neki proizvod ili usluga.
procesa
Why?
Metoda dekompozicije problema kako bi se Koristi se kada je potrebno primeniti korektivne mere na određeni Why?
5 Zašto otkrio koren. problem uz sigurnost da mere pogađaju sami koren problema, a ne Why?
Why?
njegove efekte. Why?
Slikovito predstavljanje ulaza i izlaza vezanih Koristi se kada je potrebno identifikovati ulaze određenog procesa koji I O
IPO dijagram za određeni proces. dovode do željenih izlaza. P
Normalna raspodela Linijsko predstavljanje podataka po zakonu Predstavlja osnovu statističke analize i metode KISS ("Keep it simple,
Normalne raspodele. Stupid!“).
Prvi prolaz Procenat prvih prolazaka kroz sistem. Koristi se kada je potrebno identifikovati proizvode ili procese na koje Y1 Y2
First Pass Yield (FPY) treba usmeriti napore za unapređenjem.
FPY = Y1*Y2...
Troškovi vezani za bilo koje aktivnosti koje se Isto kao kod Pareto dijagrama.
COPQ ne vrše na pravi način PRVI PUT. $
Disciplina korišćenja strukturalnog prilaza,
Factor A B C D E F G
Row # Pull Back angle Stop angle Pin Height Cup heig ht Rubber band positio n Ball type O perator Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y bar S
(odgovori).
6 162 3 3 5 2 1 1 96 95.2 5 95.25 95.25 95.4375 0.375
7 180 2 3 5 2 -1 1 75 74 72.5 72 73.375 1.376893
Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia
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Ključ do Kaizen uspeha:
25 / 57 26 / 57
Agenda
Održiva unapređenja
• Šta je Gemba?
Merenje ključnih parametara
• Šta je Kaizen?
K
S • Kaizen napad/proboj/događaj/KAIKAKU
K
S
K
S
K
S
K K K K
K
VREME
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Šta je KAIKAKU
Radikalno unapređenje
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ODNOS IZMEĐU
Produktivnost “KAIZEN” i “KAIKAKU”
i dostignuća • Kaizen je strukturna metoda,
KAIKAKU(napad)
1. Promena brzine • Kontinuirano poboljšanje,
2. Reforma poslovnog modela
3. Restrukturiranje šeme menadžmenta
• Fokusirani projektni timovi,
• Pravljenje značajnih promena uz mala ulaganja,
Stalno ponavljanje • Kratkotrajna metoda, najčešće traje 5 dana.
KAIZEN procesa
• Da to NIJE “kumbaya” Kaizen?
– Jednonedeljni događaj sa mnogo “slatkih”
jutara, puno druženja i najveći deo vremena se
KAIZEN proces
(Stalno i svakodnevno unapređenje i postavljanje provodi govoreći o promenama, radije nego da
Izazova za kvalitetnu produktivnost. Ovo je proces bez kraja.)
se one sprovode.
Time
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Dan 5
• Tim spaja sve “pojedinačne KAIZEN-e”
ujutro i priprema se za prezentaciju. Dokumentovanje Kaizen
• Prezentacija je pripremljena. aktivnosti
• Proslava tima i šansa da se hvale svojim • Dnevno praćenje izveštaja.
dostignućima. • Korišćenje “pre i posle” skica, slika.
• Popuniti Kaizen obrazac kako bi se ukazalo • Izlaganje informacija sažeto, na svima
razumljiv način.
na to šta je postignuta. • Presentovanje rezultata manadžmentu na
Kaizen “wrap up” sastanku.
• Obezbeđenje kopija svih Kaizen dokumenata
Vođama timova i Direktoru departmana.
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KAIZEN DOGAĐAJ
SPISAK AKTIVNOSTI
Datumi: Fokus (Tie to BD/VSM):
Lokacija:Holesaw
03/15/04 –
03/15/04 Paint C.O.E. to Boxer Paint C.O.E. to Boxer
Kaizen cilj: Trenutna situacija i problemi:
#1 - Kreiranje protoka pojedinačnih #1 - Proizvodi koji dolaze sa linije za
TRAŽENJA MOBILNOG
#2 – Celokupne zalihe se seku zbog #2 – Materijal na klizačina čeka u
jednog dela procesu
TELEFONA DOK SE
Članovi tima
1. Don Heaton 3. Bill Richard Kaizen dostignuća
2. Angel Ortiz 4. Pam Tarr
Redukcija ritma toka: 8.5 hours
SPREMATE ZA POSAO
DL$ godišnja ušteda: $63,000
Insert
Smanjenje improvizacija: 5,170 Hole saws
Team Photo
Uštede u prostou: 289 sq ft
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Pre Posle
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KAKO USPOSTAVITI
JEDNOSTAVAN SISTEM
REDOVNOG PREGLEDA,
ČIŠĆENJA I
PODMAZIVANJA MAŠINA
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Primeri KAIZEN-a
Kaizen primeri u praksi
• Slučaj 1: Aktivnosti unapređenja procesa
MasterClass
http://www.industryforum.co.uk/services/case_studies/emmett/
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Reference
• Imai , M (1997) “Gemba kaizen: a commonsense low-cost approach
to management”, McGraw-Hill
• Kaizen for the shopfloor (2002), Productivity Press
Miscellaneous
• Nonaka, I., R. Toyama, et al. (2000). "SECI, Ba and Leadership: a
Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation." Long Range
Planning 33: 5-34.
Svrha predavanja
Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia
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Sledeći posao:
Mali alat na mašini
Klin napunjen sa 9 malih diskova
(sirovina)
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1 QA - Analiza kvaliteta
(alat centriran ± 1mm, 5mm
30mm
između alata i pribora-stege)
Pod pravim uglom u
35mm odnosu na 3 strane
± 1mm
1 Merač vremena
30mm
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Poke Yoka ili Statistika
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Verovatno a
ć
– Neuspešno izvedene potrebne akcije.
– Pogrešna interpretacija informacija ključnih za uspešno izvođenje
akcije
Normalna
Varijacija – Posledica varijacija u procesu, a ne ljudi u procesu
– Tradicionalno smatrane
Grafikoni za kontrolu/Statistika/ Statistička kontrola procesa su dobri za • Prirodne, ali krivica ljudi koji ih prave
detekciju promena u srednjoj vrednosti ili varijaciji procesa.
• Neizbežne, i treba izbeći napor potreban za razumevanje procesa
Ljudske greške imaju tendenciju da budu retke i neuobičajenje. Teško se
detektuju putem grafikona za kontrolu.
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Prevencija Detekcija
Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia Project 511084-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-RS-TEMPUS-JPHES - LeanEA – Production and Profitability improvement in Serbia
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