Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 3 PR2 1.3
Group 3 PR2 1.3
Group 3 PR2 1.3
by:
Teon Paolo Adrian A. Guerra
Mira Julianna S. Lacsina
Chico Rico B. Rivera
John Wilbert C. Tan
Joel Ian C. Payawal
December 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification of Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
i
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research II, this
prepared and submitted by Teon Paolo Adrian A. Guerra, Mira Julianna S. Lacsina, Chico
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Exceedingly special thanks to those who reached us with their support in making
Zenaida C. Santos, CdSP President, for the support, prayers, and motivation.
Ernie V. Estrella, Ph.D., CdSP Principal, for guiding us each step and teaching us
Honey Grace P. Dela Cruz, LPT, and Judy Ann C. Ferrer, LPT, our research
teacher, and adviser, for their fruitful pieces of advice while framing our study and for the
Our parents, siblings, relatives, and friends, for impeccable love, earnest
Our group mates, for stimulating analyses, solid camaraderie, even on sleepless
nights, and for all the fun while doing this research
Most importantly, we give praise and thanksgiving to God Almighty, for His love,
grace, and mercy, and for all the other good things He has done for us.
iii
DEDICATION
We dedicate this research to our family and friends for the words of
encouragement for perseverance and tenacity, which push us to do our best. We would
like to express our gratitude to them who never left our side. We also dedicate this study
* Teon Paolo Adrian A. Guerra, Mira Julianna S. Lacsina, Chico Rico B. Rivera, John
Wilbert C. Tan, Joel Ian C. Payawal. *
Covid-19.
Abstract: This research expects to decide senior high school students' inclinations
Education (DepEd) and the variables influencing their choice. This research intends to
address the questions posed by the researchers from the information they accumulated.
To gather data, they will answer a google form questionnaire made by the researchers.
CHAPTER I
Introduction
world was struck by a pandemic and reshaped every aspect of our lives. It made our way
of life very different from what we were used to. It created a new era of face masks and
social distancing. Many establishments and businesses shut down, compromising the
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively struck education, with
almost 1.6 billion learners worldwide taking the class suspensions' brunt. In the
Philippines alone, almost 25 million students were affected by the school closures in
March 2020, as COVID-19 cases rose. Education in the middle of the Coronavirus
Pandemic is perilous not only for the children but also for the teachers. Many are
suggesting an academic freeze for the academic year 2020-2021. The Department of
Education (DepEd) insisted that it is unnecessary to stop students' learning, even if there
is a pandemic. 2
With the threat of the pandemic still on the way, the Department of Education
under the leadership of Secretary Leonor Briones has implemented the framework known
Diosdado San Antonio, "Providing opportunities for the Filipino youth to continue
learning even with COVID-19 should not be hindered." To answer the growing petition to
suspend the opening of classes, DepEd proposed different learning methods: Modular
Distance Learning, Online Distance Learning, Homeschooling, TV/Radio-based
Instruction (RBI), and Blended Learning. The department devised these teaching-learning
modalities to ensure that every student can choose what fits their capacity.
"For months now, our united efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic are producing
promising results in defeating the unseen threat. Still, our country and the world at large
are facing new challenges brought about by this unforeseen public health crisis."
Educational institutions, teachers, parents, and learners were obliged to adjust for their
safety while ensuring they could continue studying. Modules and teaching materials were
prepared, and educators were given seminars to prepare for the new normal way of
learning. Local Government Authorities created programs to make sure the learners will
get the education they needed. However, there are still those who have a hard time
adjusting. Young learners show difficulty in adjusting to the new system. Other learners
find it hard to understand and study lessons without active participation than traditional
Some lack the financial stability and resources to participate in distance learning,
especially now that many parents experience difficulties earning their livelihood.
Accessibility to online, radio and television modalities are limited in some impoverished
Partial data of the Learner Enrollment and Survey Forms, conducted by the
DepEd, showed that 7.2 million enrollees chose distance learning based on modules,
radio, and television, in contrast to just 2 million enrollees who opt for online learning.
Recent statistics from the state agency indicated that 3,885,427 learners favored modular-
based learning modality, 2,074,010 chose online, 1,940,054 for a mixture of blended
learning face-to-face learning, 744,648 for television, 358,270 for radio, and 401,903 for
like best and find the most convenient way of studying, especially in this pandemic. The
researchers will be able to identify chosen modalities within the target age and
population. This research intends to tackle factors that affect the learners' choices like the
goal orientation. In this way, the researchers will have the ability to learn what best
This study aims to determine the preferences of Senior High School learners, the
and the factors affecting their decision. This research seeks to answer the following
questions:
2. What teaching-learning modality do the learners prefer the most? And the least?
c. Blended Learning
d. Homeschooling
3. What are the commonalities between those who chose the same teaching-
learning modality?
learning modality?
Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd may use this research to enhance its
existing programs and create new ones that give better attention to all aspects.
Local Government Unit. This research can be an instrument to LGUs in helping and
supporting its constituent in every way possible and giving the proper instruments for any
School Administration. The school administration could use the information gathered as
a guide and reference to improve the teaching modality they are using to ensure a quality
Teachers. This research could aid them in improving their teaching modalities.
Parents. This study will help the parents guide their children in choosing the most
Students. This research will aid them in choosing their preferred learning modality to
Future Researchers. This research will serve as a foundation for new developments in
This study focuses on senior high school learners' preferences when choosing
Definition of Terms
Blended Learning. Refers to a learning delivery that combines face-to-face with any or a
Instruction.
COVID-19. It is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. 'CO' stands for corona,
'VI' for a virus, and 'D' for the disease. The disease's former name was '2019 novel
coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same
family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of
common cold. 6
DepEd. Formulates, implements, and coordinates policies, plans, programs, and projects
in formal and non-formal primary education. It supervises all elementary and secondary
education institutions, including alternative learning systems, both public and private, and
provides for the establishment and maintenance of a complete, adequate, and integrated
training.
Learning Continuity Plan. Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan
for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
Local Government Unit. Local government units (LGUs) oversee local governance in
81 provinces, 144 cities, 1,490 municipalities, and 42,028 barangays. LGU officials are
responsible for providing direct and essential services to the people and ensuring peace
Online Distance Learning. It features the teacher facilitating learning and engaging
learners' active participation using various technologies accessed through the internet
while they are geographically remote from each other during instruction.
Teaching-Learning Modality. The learning delivery modalities that schools can adopt
copy, whichever is applicable in the context of the learner and other learning resources
like Learner's Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study guides, and other study
materials.
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the relevant theories, literature, studies the conceptual
Related Theories
desires, and other relevant attitudes as it is a theory of choice; what matters is how these
This theory is relatively connected as the learners will consider their own beliefs
and desires in choosing what teaching-learning modality they prefer. The research will
situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce
a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation." (McLeod,
2018)
The learners' experiences or the experiences of those around them regarding the
teaching-learning modalities will affect their choice. Those who struggle with one
teaching-learning modality would choose a different one, and those who experience
positive results would prefer the teaching-learning modality they are using. 8
Theory suggests that the learner is an active participant in the process. They come to the
table with their skills, knowledge, memories, and relevant information they have learned
in the past; when learning something new, individuals process and construct their
The past experiences of the learners have a massive impact on what the students
prefer. Those with experienced good things while studying face-to-face would prefer
theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition
(Vygotsky, 1978), as he firmly believed that community plays a central role in the process
of "making meaning."
The people's opinions and beliefs affect the students' perception of different
teaching-learning modalities. The learners will hear or read arguments saying one is
that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based
upon their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information,
Cognitive structure (i.e., schema, mental models) provides meaning and organization to
experiences and allows the individual to "go beyond the information given." (Culatta,
2020).
This theory is relatively connected to our research as the learners' decisions will
be based on the information they have gathered. This past and present knowledge will be
Related Literature
educators have sought out video conference technologies (such as Zoom) to replicate
traditional classrooms online. At face value, the synchronous video appears to offer more
modalities. However, moving pedagogy from one medium to another is not always a
smooth transition. The COVID-19 situation forced urgent transitions, and without
adequate opportunities to design for a new medium, some instructors have struggled with
old challenges, made new by the medium. We suggest reifying and rejuvenating Bruner's
folk pedagogies concept to help teachers consider the affordances and constraints of
synchronous settings, remarkably. We highlight issues and offer possible approaches and
implications for teaching via video conferencing technologies, offering a new view on
folk pedagogies as a model for teacher educators to ground themselves through shifts in
learning modalities. 10
In the words of Cheng (2020), "School is Out, But Class's On," i.e., "suspending
classes without stopping learning," specifically refers to China's education and teaching
activities during the postponement period during the COVID19 pandemic prevention and
control. It was an emergency measure to prevent and control the pandemic in education
in China, and it was also a continuation of school education in this particular period.
During the pandemic period, how school education should operate has become a topic of
social concern. I herein discuss the origin and connotation of the concept of "School's
Out, But Class's On," analyze the challenges of "School's Out, But Class's On" to school
education, and then put forward measures for schools to respond to "School's Out, But
Class's On" and explain the practical significance of "School's Out, But Class's On" for
school education.
not just in Wuhan, China, where the virus originated but all other higher educational
institutions in 188 countries as of April 06, 2020. Educational countermeasures are taken
to continue educating the students despite the COVID-19 predicaments. Based on the
the need for alternative solutions, this article introduces how higher education is affected
and how it can respond to future challenges. This article recommends educational
institutions to produce studies to proliferate and document the pandemic's impact on the
educational system. There is also a greater need for educational institutions to strengthen
the curriculum practices and make them more responsive to the students' learning needs
Per Renzuilli (2020), this book is a manual for administering and interpreting the
Learning Styles Inventory, Version III (LSI-III). Part 1 is reproducible (so each teacher
who administers the LSI can have a copy) and answers the following concerns: what the
LSI-III is and what it measures; administering and scoring the LSI-III; interpreting
students' scores on the LSI-III; and altering teaching styles to accommodate students'
learning styles. Part 2 reports the research that established the technical qualities of this
revised edition of the LSI and includes sections that describe the content validity,
construct validity and reliability. Appendix A describes the theoretical rationale and
underlying research that supports the usefulness of information about student learning
styles and reviews the major theoretical perspectives on human abilities, interests, and
styles. Appendix B describes other instruments that can help educators evaluate student
abilities, interests, and learning and expression styles. Appendix C provides sample pages
from some of these other instruments. Finally, Appendix D includes samples of both the
elementary and middle school versions of the LSI-III and the teacher edition. (Contains
effective education responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The report explains why the
necessary social isolation measures will disrupt school-based education for several
protect the opportunity to learn during this period; this disruption will cause severe
These literature pieces are relatively connected to our study as they tackle the
factors that influence our studies. The literature of Henrikson (2020), Cheng (2020),
Toquero (2020), Reimers (2020) discuss the effects of the pandemic on educational
institutions. They talked about how the schools should operate during the pandemic and
gave suggestions to strengthen the curriculum's current practices. Renzuilli's (2020) book
Related Studies 12
Yilmaz Ince (2020) stated that distance education is an education model where
individuals are free from learning resources and have no time constraints. During the
Academic Year Spring semester with distance education with asynchronous lecture notes
and synchronous live courses. This research aims to determine the knowledge and views
of students about distance education in the Pandemic Process. The survey method was
used in the research; the research participants were 1011 students at Isparta University of
Applied Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic process. In order to collect the data, a
5-point Likert questionnaire with 21 items was applied. The average, standard deviation,
and t-Test analysis of the data were done in the SPSS program. According to this research
results, the participants' opportunities as having a computer and the internet affect their
March 20, 2020, and all citizens advised to self-isolate in a bid to control the spread of
mathematics, science and design, and technology subjects. An observed steady increase
in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and the low levels of technology use in
period in a young country that has just rolled out a nation-wide implementation of STEM
education. This study collected data from three teachers at a public secondary school in
Chipata District of Eastern Province in the Republic of Zambia. The Head of Department
for Mathematics, the Head of Natural Sciences Department, and one science teacher were
interviewed. Semi-structured interviews via mobile phone were used to collect views of
what these specialists thought would be the COVID19 effects on students' general
performance in their subject areas. Results of this study revealed that there is likely to be
a drop in the pass percentage of secondary school students in this year's national
examinations if the COVID-19 epidemic is not contained in the shortest possible time,
considering that the school academic calendar was abruptly disturbed by the untimely
According to Alharbi (2017), the present study aimed to identify the most
common learning preferences among nursing students in Saudi Arabia and investigate
certain demographic variables' associations with the learning preferences. All the
undergraduate nursing students in the nursing college were requested to participate in this
descriptive cross-sectional study for the methods. An Arabic version of the Felder-
Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) questionnaire was used to examine the learning
preferences among undergraduate nursing students. Results show that a total of 56 (43%)
completed questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Results of the present study
indicate that the most common learning preferences among the nursing students were
visual (67.9%), followed by active (50%) and sequential (37.5%) learning preferences.
The vocal style was the least common learning preference (3.6%) among the nursing
students. There was no association between gender and learning preferences (p > .05).
The present study concluded that the visual, active, and sequential styles are the
commonest learning preferences among nursing students. Nursing educators should
emphasize using this information in their teaching methods to improve learning skills
students' preferences and perceptions of in-person and video evaluations. The relationship
between student perceptions and academic achievement has been established, but little
was administered to 447 first-, second-, and third-professional year pharmacy students
enrolled in one public United States Doctor of Pharmacy program. Fourteen 5-point
Likert-type scale quantitative items and four qualitative items measured student
perceptions. Eight response choice items measured preferences. Paired t-tests compared
perceptions; independent t-tests compared perceptions between students exposed and not
the qualitative responses. For the results, students (n=444, 99.3% response rate)
evaluations being perceived more positively on all items except for nervousness. Students
exposed to video felt significantly more positive towards video evaluations than video-
naïve students on nine items but felt significantly less favorable towards video
evaluations in quality (Δ=1.24 vs. 0.83) and amount (Δ=1.14 vs. 0.77) of written
feedback. Students valued interactions with a more diverse pool of evaluators afforded by
video evaluations but did not view the video technology as applicable to future practice.
than video evaluations. This effect is mitigated by exposure to video, suggesting that
concerns regarding video evaluations are based on conjecture rather than experience. This
study highlights the need to reduce technological issues and improve written feedback
students' choice to take a particular course fully online or in-person. We surveyed 650
same semester, roughly the same tuition cost. The courses spanned a wide range of
psychological variables including their regulation of their time and study environment,
work avoidance, and social goal orientation. Two logistic regression models (of the
modality of enrolment and modality of preference) both had an excellent fit to the data,
each correctly classifying roughly 75% of cases using different variables. Implications for
These studies are relatively connected as the research topic focuses on variables
related to our research. Yilmaz Ince (2020) researched the learners' opinions on studying
distance learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Sintema's (2020) research discussed the
pandemic's effects on the students' scores in the exam. Alharbi's (2017) research
determined the learning preferences of nursing students. Beal (2020) studied the students'
perception of in-person and video evaluations, and O'Neill's (2020) study focused on
In response to the pandemic, the DepEd proposed the Learning Continuity Plan,
giving the learner's choices between these teaching-learning modalities: Traditional face-
to-face learning and Distance learning, which may be online distance learning, modular
Hypothesis
least.
Definition of Variables
Personal circumstances. Health problems, family problems, financial problems, or other
modalities.
learning modality.
Psychological variables. Variables that affect the mood of the students. It may include
Study environment. The noise, location, and the experiences of the students while
studying.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study will be using a causal design as the study focuses on the variation in
the dependent variables as the independent variables vary. It will employ an online survey
(Google Form) type of questionnaire to analyze senior high school students' preference in
Research Instrument
The researchers will use a survey form entitled, "Preferences of Senior High
and will be validated by experts to obtain the required data. The survey is created on an
online survey, which also records statistical data. It will consist of a check-box survey,
multiple-choice, and some personal insight from the respondents. The questions will be
and the factors that may affect their decision during the Covid–19 Pandemic.
The study respondents are currently enrolled senior high school learners from
The researchers will conduct the survey online through an online survey. Presently
enrolled senior high school students from Pulilan, Bulacan will have access to the list to
answer the questions. Through the help of online survey' easy collection of statistical
1. Frequency distribution will display the number of times the learners choose
2. Descriptive statistics will be used. The researchers aim to summarize the data
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