Hypertension

 most common cardiovascular disorder

 sustained BP ≥ 130/>80 (systolic/ diastolic)
 NOTE: PLEASE REMEMBER THE
DIFFERENTIATION OF JNC VII AND JNC VIII
CLASSIFICATION

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Hypertension
 7th Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, & Treatment
of High BP (JNC-7):

Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg)

Normal < 120 & < 80

Pre-hypertension 120-139 Or 80-89
Stage 1HPN 140-159 Or 90-99
Stage 2 HPN ≥ 160 Or ≥ 100

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8th Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection,
Evaluation, & Treatment of High BP (JNC-8):

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THINGS TO REMEMBER
 CLONIDINE- causes rebound hypertension on withdrawal
 METHYLDOPA – gives positive coombs test that indicates
presence of hemolytic anemia
 ALPHA – 1 BLOCKERS/CaCB/ACEI/A2RBS/VASODILATORS –
ALL will act as antihypertensives via vasodilation. ALL will
exhibit reflex tachycardia.
 ALPHA – 1 BLOCKERS- will exhibit” FIRST DOSE
PHENOMENON” meaning to say it will cause orthostatic
hypotension after first dose
 ACEI causes coughing because of the increase of
bradykinin
 ACEI is the DOC in hypertensive diabetics
 Direct Renin inhibitor is named as Aliskiren 4
THINGS TO REMEMBER
 HYDRALAZINE causes SLE
 HYDRALAZINE AND METHYLDOPA are the drug of choices to
treat hypertension in pregannt patients
 Na NITROPRUSSIDE is the DOC for hypertensive
crisis/emergency
 Na NITROPRUSSIDE is associated with cyanide poisoning
 MINOXIDIL CAUSES HIRSUTISM
 CaCB is divided into 2..Dihydropyridines are those that
ends in “DIPINE” and Non-dihydropyridines that includes
diltiazem and verapamil..their difference is that
dihydropyridines acts on the vessel only while non-
dihydropyridine acts on the vessels and in the heart
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HEMA MEDICATIONS

 PLEASE MIND THE DRUGS.ITS A MEMORIZATION THING.NOTHING TO EXPLAIN..I

HVE SUMMARIZED THE NEEDED INFO ALREADY..MAY MGA HEMA DRUGS DAW KASI
NA LUMABAS.

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Coagulating Agents
Indication:
bleeding problems such as hemophilia
[(deficiency in blood coagulation factors
frequently factors VIII (Hemophilia A) and
 IX (hemophilia B)]

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Coagulating Agents
Vitamin K
Forms:
K1- phytonadione (found in food)
K2 – menaquinone (found in human tissue
synthesized by intestinal bacteria)
K3 – menadione (not used in therapeutics)
fat-soluble vitamin
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Coagulating Agents
Recombinant clotting factors
purified
recombinant factors XIII and IX
extremely expensive

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Coagulating Agents
Desmopressin acetate
vasopressin agonist
increases plasma concentration of von
Willebrand factor and factor VIII
Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease

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Coagulating Agents
 Antiplasmin agents
prevention of management of acute bleeding
episodes in patients with hemophilia
Aminocaproic acid and Tranexamic acid →
inhibits plasminogen activation → ⬇fibrinolysis
Aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor) → inhibits
fibrinolysis by plasmin and plasmin-
streptokinase complex
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Coagulating Agents
Protamine sulfate
Antidote of Heparin toxicity
fish sperm or testes
basicity is due to arginine content

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Anti-anemic Agents
Iron
forms:
transferrin (transport form)
ferritin/hemosiderin (storage form)
Ferrous Sulfate, Ferrous Fumarate, Ferrous
Gluconate
Iron Dextran

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Anti-anemic Agents
Iron
hypochromic microcytic anemia (iron-
deficiency anemia (IDA))
hematinic
S/E: GI distress, nausea, heartburn,
diarrhea, constipation
Antidote: deferoxamine

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Anti-anemic Agents
2. Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
intrinsicfactor (Castle’s factor): GI
absorption
Vitamin B12 deficiency & megaloblastic
anemia with hyperchromic, macrocytic,
immature RBCs

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Anti-anemic Agents
3. Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
Vitamin B9 deficiency & megaloblastic
anemia with hyperchromic, macrocytic,
immature RBCs
prevents neural tube defects

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Anti-anemic Agents
Epoetin alfa & darbepoetin alfa
anemia resulting from chronic renal failure
 Filgrastim & Pegfilgrastim
chronic& chemotherapy-induced
neutropenia
 Oprelvekin
preventionof chemotherapy-related
thrombocytopenia 17