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Control of STATCOM by Using Optimal Reactive Power Flow Solutions
Control of STATCOM by Using Optimal Reactive Power Flow Solutions
Abstract-This paper presents an application of optimal keep each device in the power system within its desired
reactive power flow solutions to command the reactive power operation range at steady-state. This will include maximum
injection of STATCOM. Typically, a reactive power compensator
such as STATCOM can be controlled by various means. The and minimum outputs for generators, maximum MVA flows
optimal power flow solution is very useful. It is an optimizer in of power transmission lines and transformers, as well as
which a particular objective is minimized while meeting all system bus voltages within specified ranges.
system constraints. In this paper, solutions of optimal reactive In this paper, to command the voltage magnitude of
power flows are used to set as the reference to the STATCOM’s STATCOM is based on a sequence of optimal reactive power
controller. To demonstrate this control strategy, 24-hour optimal
power flow solutions of a simple three-bus test system was flow solutions. This control strategy can lead to the
employed for test. The result showed that reactive power coordination of available reactive power compensators.
compensation by using the optimal reactive power flow solution
can lead to the minimum power loss operation of the entire
power system and the system voltage profile is flat and smooth.
II. STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)
A. Structure and Its Operation
I. INTRODUCTION In electric power transmission networks, STATCOM is a
shunt device that regulates the system voltage by absorbing or
As the need of deregulation for worldwide electric utility
generating reactive power at a point of coupling connection
industries, utility transmission systems are approaching their
[3]. The schematic diagram of STATCOM’s structure is
limits. This makes the need for reliable power greater than
shown in Fig 1. The STATCOM is a solid state DC/AC power
ever. In deregulation environment, the need for new power
switching converter that consists mainly of a three-phase
flow controllers to enhance transmission line capability will
PWM voltage source converter (VSC) bridge having six GTO-
increase. Principally, these new controllers should be able to
based switches with associated anti-parallel diodes[4]-[5]. It is
control voltage level and increase power flow capability of
connected to the power transmission network via the
transmission line to their secure loading with no reduction of
impedance of the coupling transformer. A DC-link capacitor
system stability and security margins.
provides constant DC link voltage.
The concept of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems)
uses the advancement of high power-rating semiconductor Rs Ls
P,Q +
VS VR Vdc
- Load 1
Load 2
VSC
STATCOM
V2
A aA A A aA A A aA
B bB B B bB B B bB
C cC C C cC C C cC
B
A
A
C
C
C B_load2 C B_STATC OM C B_load1
Discrete,
b
b
a
a
c
c
Ts = 0.0001 s.
A
B
C
A
B
C
Load1
Load2
B4 Pulses
Vdc+
aA A
DC Voltage Source
bB B
Vdc -
cC C
STATCOM
22 kV 100MVA
STATCOM
PI-Controller
10
In1
delta angle 1
22 Out1 Uref Pulses 1
Voltage
PI In2 z trig STATCOM
Reference
V_reference Discrete
22 kV Discrete Phase modulation PWM Generator
PI Controller of control angle
1 In1 Out1
V load
Voltage Regulator
Signal Constraint
30
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Base case
Vref. 22kV This paper gives an approach of controlling the
25 Vref. from Min.losses STATCOM by using solutions of optimal reactive power
flow problems with the power transmission loss objective.
20 A three-bus power system was established as a test case for
Line Voltage (kV)