GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

TEST FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

For each functional group tested, describe how the test was done, identify the reagents used and the
indication of the presence of the functional groups (e.g., evolution of gas, precipitate formed, etc.).

Indication of the
Functional Group Describe how the test
reagents used presence of the
tested was done.
functional group
Put some of the  Change of
NaOH substance in the test matter
Amide tube and add NaOH.  Dissolves the
presence of
acidic substance
Put some of the  Evolution of gas
NaHCO3 substance in the test
Carboxylic Acid tube and add NaHCO3,
then swirl well.

Put some of the  No violet

Alcohol and FeCL3 substance in the test coloration,
Phenols tube, add alcohol and absence of
FeCl3. phenols

Put some of the  Absence of

Methanol and Borsche’s substance in the test ketones
reagent tube. Add some of  Change its color
Aldehydes/Ketones
Borsche’s reagent and to yellow-
place it in water bath to orange
boil.
Put some of the  Violet coloration
substance in the test has developed
Schiff’s reagent tube and add some in 2 minutes,
Aldehydes
Schiff’s reagent, then presence of
swirl well. ketones
 Change in color
Put some of the  No rapid
substance in the test foaming,
HCl and sodium nitrate tube. Add some of HCl absence of
Amines by keeping its cold amine
temperature and add
some sodium nitrate
solution in the test tube.