GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

PROPERTIES OF LIQUID
RESULTS
A. Investigating Viscosity
Substance Trial 1, sec Trial 2, sec Trial 3, sec Average time
Coca Cola (Coke) 63.6 sec 62.4 sec 61.8 sec 62.6 sec

Cooking oil 87 sec 90.6 sec 90 sec 89.2 sec

Salt solution 66 sec 63.6 sec 64.2 sec 64.6 sec

Vinegar 63 sec 63.6 sec 64.2 sec 63.6 sec

Water 63 sec 61.8 sec 62.4 sec 62.4 sec

i. What do you think will happen if the temperature was not kept the same for all liquids?

The result of the experiment can be invalid or inaccurate. Thus, the viscosity of a simple substance
reduces as the temperature increases. With temperature, the gas viscosity can rise. The drag force
would do the same for high temperatures, viscosity changes in gases and declines in liquids.

ii. Arrange the liquids in order of increasing viscosity. Explain your answer.

The order of the liquids on viscosity from decreasing to increasing are water, coca cola, vinegar, salt
solution, and cooking oil. Cooking oil is more viscous than water, is because when we place a drop
of water and oil on a slanting surface, water would travel down quicker than the drop of oil. The
explanation behind this is the viscous force that opposes the sliding one over the other of the
different layers of oil drop, and so the motion is reduced.

B. Boiling point

Time to boil, Intermolecular Force of

Substance Attraction
sec
89.4 sec Dipole-Dipole Force,
Coca Cola (Coke) London Force

180 sec Ion-Dipole Force, London

Salt solution Force

213.6 sec Dipole-Dipole Force, Ion-

Vinegar Dipole Force, London
Force

148.8 sec Dipole-Dipole Force, Ion-

Water Dipole Force, London
Force
i. Identify the dominating intermolecular force of attraction for each liquid.
Coke – Dipole-Dipole Force, Salt Solution – Ion-Dipole Force, Vinegar – Dipole-Dipole Force,
Water – Dipole-Dipole Force.
ii. Arrange the liquids in order of increasing boiling point. Explain your answer.

The order of the liquids on boiling point from decreasing to increasing are coca cola, water, salt
solution, and vinegar. When you boil vinegar, the vapor pressure of the acetic acid is always less
than that of the water, so the water will dominate the vapor phase and will decrease in the liquid
phase. If you boil it long enough, you will have concentrated acetic acid.
C. Surface tension
i. Describe what happened when the toothpick or cotton bud with soap touched the surface of the
water. ii. For 1 - 3, explain the effect of detergent on the surface tension of the liquid.

When the cotton buds touch the water, nothing happens. But when the cotton buds have
dishwashing soap touches the water lowers surface tension so the drop becomes weaker and breaks
apart. Soaps or detergents are surface-active agents, or surfactants.

1. The experiment in the first part didn’t work because the paper clip won’t float in the water
2. The second part of the experiment, I put a ground pepper on water and dip a dishwashing
liquid on the cotton buds. Once the cotton buds with dishwashing liquid touches the water with
pepper it separates from the center because soap breaks down the surface tension and as the
water molecules spread out away from the soap, they bring the pepper with them.
3. In the last part of the experiment, I didn’t see any changes at all.
DOCUMENTATION
- video or pictures performing the experiment

SUBSTANCES

COCA COLA COOKING OIL

SALT SOLUTION VINEGAR

WATER

A. Investigating Viscosity
COCA COLA COOKING OIL

SALT SOLUTION VINEGAR

 WATER

B. Boiling point
COCA COLA SALT SOLUTION

VINEGAR WATER
C. Surface Tension
1. The paperclip won’t float.
2.

DISHWASHING SOAP PEPPER

WATER WATER WITH COTTON WATER WITH

BUDS DISHWASHING SOAP ON
COTTON BUDS

PEPPER ON WATER COTTON BUDS WITH DISHWASHING

SOAP

REACTION OF COTTONS BUDS WITH DISHWASHING SOAP ON A WATER WITH

PEPPER

3.