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Mobile Equipment Open Data GMSG DUA v01 r03 Lo
Mobile Equipment Open Data GMSG DUA v01 r03 Lo
VERSION DATE
31 Aug 2015
APPROVED BY
06 April 2016
EDITED BY
Janice M. Burke
03 Mar 2016
PUBLISHED
27 April 2016
PREPARED BY THE MOBILE EQUIPMENT OPEN DATA SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE DATA ACCESS
AND USAGE WORKING GROUP
Group leaders: Matt Miller and Lance Fountaine, OSIsoft
Tim Skinner, SMART Solutions
Representing organizations from the Data Usage and Access Working Group include: Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd., Anglo-
Gold Ashanti Ltd., ArcelorMittal, Atlas Copco, Barrick Gold Corp., BHP Billiton Ltd., Caterpillar Inc., Endevea Pty Ltd., Fortescue
Metals Group Ltd. (FMG), Freeport-McMoRan Inc. (FMI), GE Mining, Gibraltar Mine (Taseko Mines Ltd.), Goldcorp Inc., Gold
Fields Ltd., Government of Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), Haultrax, Hitachi, Indago Partners,
iO Solutions Inc., Joy Global Inc., KGHM International Ltd., Komatsu Ltd., Liebherr, OSIsoft LLC, Peabody Energy Corp.,
Remote Control Technologies (RCT), Rio Tinto Group, Roy Hill Project, Sandvik Group, Shell Canada Ltd., SMART Systems
Group, Symboticware Inc., Teck Resources Ltd., The Electrum Group, Vale, Wenco International Mining Systems Ltd., and
Westmoreland Coal Company.
DISCLAIMER
Although these guidelines and other documents or information sources referenced at http://www.globalminingstandards.org
are believed to be reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any of these other documents or information
sources. Use of these guidelines or the above documents or information sources is not intended to replace, contravene or
otherwise alter the requirements of any national, state, or local governmental statutes, laws, regulations, ordinances, or other
requirements regarding the matters included herein. Compliance with these guidelines is entirely voluntary.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
This document is copyright-protected by the Global Mining Standards and Guidelines (GMSG) Group. Working or
committee drafts can be reproduced and used by GMSG participants during guideline development. GMSG hereby grants
permission for interested individuals/organizations to download one copy. Written permission from GMSG is required to
reproduce this document, in whole or in part, if used for commercial purposes.
Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DISCLAIMER i
COPYRIGHT NOTICE ii
1. FOREWORD 1
2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 1
3. KEYWORDS 1
4. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1
5. SCOPE 1
6. OTHER USEFUL DOCUMENTS 1
7. OVERVIEW 1
8. PURPOSE AND PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
8.1 Data Classes and Value Rationale 3
9. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND DATA GROUPS 3
9.1 Surface Mining Equipment 3
9.2 Underground Mining Equipment 5
10. GUIDELINE REVISIONS (FUTURE VERSIONS) 5
10.1 Autonomous Equipment 5
10.2 Additional Equipment Types 5
10.3 “Undecided” Data Groups 5
10.4 Additional Datasets 6
11. RESOURCES, REFERENCES, AND RECOMMENDED READING 6
12. ANNEXES 7
Annex A: Surface Equipment 7
Annex B: Underground Equipment 47
1. FOREWORD
The Global Mining Standards and Guidelines (GMSG) The list was developed to represent many pieces of
Group is a global, multi-stakeholder community to advance mobile equipment that are common in surface and under-
the availability and use of standards and guidelines for the ground mining operations, including (Table 1):
international mining industry. This GMSG document was
prepared by a GMSG working group. Draft documents are
Table 1. List of onboard datasets for surface and underground mines
checked and approved by working group members, prior
Surface Mines (see Annex A) Underground Mines (see Annex B)
to approval by the GMSG Governing Council.
Haul Trucks LHD (Load, Haul, Dump) Trucks
Formed as part of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Met- Drills Drills
allurgy and Petroleum (CIM), GMSG is supported by CIM and Loaders Scoops, Trams and Loaders
three other Partner Organizations: the Australasian Institute Dozers Rock Bolters
Hydraulic Diesel Excavators Shotcrete Trucks
of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), the Southern African
Graders Lifts/Fork Lifts
Institute of Mining and Metals (SAIMM), and the Surface Electric Rope Shovels Chargers
Mining Association for Research and Technology (SMART), Scrapers Longwalls
as well as its Member Companies and participants.
Please note: if some of the elements of this document
are subject to patent rights, the GMSG and CIM are not The initial guideline is not intended to be complete or
responsible for identifying such patent rights. cover all equipment types and use cases for mining equip-
ment data. It is intended to evolve and expand over time to
2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS, AND include additional equipment and use cases as needed.
ABBREVIATIONS Data defined as closed or undecided will be revisited in
IP Intellectual Property future guideline releases, along with new data items.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
5. SCOPE
3. KEYWORDS The scope is to identify and develop guidelines to cre-
Analytics, Autonomous vehicles, Connected vehicles, ate a common vision for the seamless access and use of
Connectivity, Data, Future of mining, Mobile assets, Mobile mobile equipment data across the mine cycle, including
equipment, Open data, Operational intelligence, Supply both open pit and underground, for the purpose of increas-
chain integration, Vehicle integration ing operational efficiencies. The scope also includes identi-
fying an initial list of the open data elements for onboard
4. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND mobile mining equipment.
This guideline was developed by the Data Usage and Many operators embrace the idea of collecting and stor-
Access Working Group from GMSG, which comprises min- ing as much data as possible to empower knowledge
ing professionals from leading mine operating companies, worker innovation. This guideline is intended to support
and product and subject matter experts from leading min- this idea by defining a starting point for those who follow a
ing equipment companies. Data and input for the guideline model of specifying requirements, building to requirement,
were developed over the course of more than six in-person and delivering. It can also serve as a reference for future
workshops spanning several years, and included nearly 100 equipment specification purchasing requirements.
individuals who contributed their experience and insight.
Even though we have not acknowledged them individually, 6. OTHER USEFUL DOCUMENTS
this guideline would not have been possible without their The documents listed in Section 11 are indispensable
effort and support. for the application of this document. Related GMSG guide-
The GMSG Mobile Equipment Open Data Consensus lines will be added to that section as they are published.
Guideline identifies onboard datasets (see Annexes A and B)
that should be openly available to equipment owners in a 7. OVERVIEW
real-time, read-only format. As with any complex control The open data dataset was developed between original
system, making unauthorized additions or modifications to equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their customers and
the datasets is strongly discouraged and might present sig- the mine operators/owners, and is based on their need to
nificant safety and financial risks to the owner and operator. extract value from the data. This guideline outlines the
onboard data groups that should be made available and
open to the equipment owner, in a read-only format. Data
that are defined as closed, which also includes undecided, texts and formats. Thus, establishing open data princi-
will be revisited in future guideline releases along with ples and access will support these efforts by the own-
new data items. ers and operators. This guideline should help avoid
Although many OEMs embrace open equipment data, it gaps in expectations and facilitate the risk-sharing rela-
should be understood that it may take time to incorporate tionship between owners and OEMs.
these ideas into production equipment. This guideline • Perfection is the enemy of the very good: this guide-
intentionally does not address the technical or commercial line identifies an initial set of data but it is expected
details of how these data are made available. Readers that the dataset will continue to expand as additional
should verify with their OEM the physical availability and revisions to the guideline provide a continuous
specifics of open data from their equipment and under- improvement path forward.
stand associated terms of use. The GMSG Onboard Technol-
ogy and Connectivity Working Group is addressing this 8. PURPOSE AND PROBLEM STATEMENT
topic. Most leading enterprise mine operators are driving 21st
Several common beliefs provide a framework for this Century operational excellence by enhancing visibility and
guideline: management of continuous mine-to-mill operation, reduc-
• Operators and OEMs are in the best position to lead ing operating variance, and adopting an ongoing focus on
the market regarding identification, availability, and continuous improvement innovation. This requires a signif-
use of open equipment data. icant amount of technology and information, including
• Data can be used for mine operations, equipment source data related to the real-time and historical perform-
operation, and building visibility in optimizing the ance of mobile mining equipment.
value chain. In addition to open access to mobile equipment data
• Equipment data/information will significantly improve for value-added internal operator use, many mine operators
mine operations across many areas, including produc- are looking for advanced services to support the ongoing
tivity, availability, sustainability, and safety. health, condition, and performance of equipment. OEMs
• More equipment data will be required in the future to also require effective real-time and historical data integra-
support advanced automation and autonomous vehi- tion of the mobile equipment in the field to support these
cles. and other services.
• All data from mobile mining equipment needs to be Thus, both mine operators and OEMs need increasing
real time and read only, and must not interfere with data access to drive continual improvement in mining effi-
on- or off-board control systems. Tampering with the ciencies. In the current relationship model, robust, secure,
control systems presents significant risks to personnel and cost effective access to these data is elusive as own-
health and safety, equipment, and the environment, ers/operators, third-party solution providers, and OEMs
and financial risks to the owner and operator. struggle with how to preserve their IP, define value-added
• There is a difference between buying equipment and service opportunities, and manage priorities in a diverse
buying equipment intellectual property (IP). Funda- and ever-changing technical landscape. Before any indus-
mentally, information about the use and application of try-wide, technical equipment connectivity standards can
the equipment belongs to the operator, whereas infor- emerge, a common industry vision of what data are
mation about how the equipment controls achieve required and why they are needed should be established
functional performance belongs to the OEM (unless IP between the operators and OEMs. This understanding will
is purchased). become the foundation for evolving the current relation-
• There is a difference between the data and the services ships and driving continued improvements.
and application systems they enable (dependencies)— It is important to understand that—although operators
competitive advantage is at the services and applica- want and need to have access to equipment data—they
tion layer. have not necessarily purchased the IP around how the OEM
• Where potential environmental, health, or safety uses the data to configure and control their equipment sys-
impacts exist, regulatory and standards committees tems. Some data have not been included in the open data
will often mandate requirements if the industry is not list, not because they are “closed”, but because further dis-
taking independent action. Proactive industries tend to cussion is needed to reach agreement as to whether it
shape regulation instead of being subjected to the exposes OEM IP. Missing data should not be interpreted as
uncontrollable outcomes. To meet specific require- definitively ‘closed’ at this time.
ments, data will need to be available in different con-
8.1 Data Classes and Value Rationale describing automated equipment, but is not intended to be
As part of the workshops conducted to develop this a definitive model. The data details vary by OEM and may
guideline, owners and operators were asked to highlight not be available on all equipment, based on the model and
the value use cases driving a given data requirement. Below features of a specific piece of equipment. They are given as
is a summary analysis of their feedback, based on the spe- general descriptions for common equipment and features,
cific classes of data identified (Table 2). This analysis is not so that an industry-wide expectation can be established for
meant to justify any specific data point, but instead gener- each equipment category. Although additional data may
ally indicate why the data in each class are important to also be available from your suppliers, an effort was made to
each of the parties of interest. Please consider the workshop capture the most requested data as a baseline, and to
content in Table 2 as a qualitative directional reference, define the categories. Future efforts for this guideline may
whereby dark blue indicates a high value business driver, address this issue by proposing a common naming conven-
light blue indicates a low-value business driver, and white tion.
indicates no value as a business driver.
9.1 Surface Mining Equipment
9. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT AND DATA Haul Trucks – Off-highway, rigid dump trucks or bottom
GROUPS dump haulers specifically engineered for use in high-pro-
Mining equipment names often differ among vendors, duction mining and heavy-duty construction environ-
companies, and mine sites. Therefore, a short description of ments.
the equipment is included in this guideline to clarify the Drills – Used for production blast-hole drilling in the
names used. Annexes A and B logically identify, consolidate, mining production cycle. The size of drilling rigs for rock
and categorize data value names, descriptions, and attrib- blasting for surface mines depends on the size of the
utes in an attempt to provide a dataset for all major OEM desired hole, typically classified into smaller pre-split and
equipment. This hierarchical approach loosely follows ISA95 larger production holes.
standards (International Society for Automation, 2016) for
Table 2. Heat map illustrating the outcomes of the 2015 workshops (not a definitive consensus on the full use and value of various onboard datasets)
Equipment Data Class Process Productivity Asset Health & Condition Quality & Genealogy
ͻ/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƚŝĐĞƐ ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĂƐƐĞƚĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJ ͻKƉƚŝŵŝnjĞŵŝŶĞŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶƐ
across locations ͻKďƚĂŝŶůŽǁĞƐƚƚŽƚĂůĐŽƐƚŽĨ based on geological parameters
ͻ/ŵƉƌŽǀĞǀĞŚŝĐůĞĐLJĐůĞƚŝŵĞƐ ownership ͻ/ŵƉƌŽǀĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŐƌĂĚŝŶŐΘ
ͻZĞĚƵĐĞŝĚůĞƚŝŵĞ ͻZĞĚƵĐĞƵŶƉůĂŶŶĞĚĚŽǁŶƚŝŵĞ production planning
ͻ/ŵƉƌŽǀĞŽǀĞƌĂůůĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ͻWƌĞĚŝĐƚŝǀĞĂŶĂůLJƚŝĐƐͲĨĂŝůƵƌĞ ͻDĂƉƉĂLJůŽĂĚƚŽƐƚŽĐŬƉŝůĞͬ
effectiveness prevention blending
ͻ/ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĂƐƐĞƚƵƚŝůŝnjĂƚŝŽŶ ͻŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐͲ
ͻKƉƚŝŵŝnjĞŚĂƵůǁĞŝŐŚƚƐ Condition-based maintenance
Asset/Equipment Information
Brake Systems
Drive Train/Transmission(s)
Electrical Systems
Engines
Frame & Suspension Systems
Health Conditions / Faults & Events
Hydraulic / Pneumatic Work Systems
Navigation Systems
Operator/Console Systems
Payload
Trip Information
Wheels/Tracks/Tires
Table 2. (continued)
Asset/Equipment Information
Brake Systems
Drive Train/Transmission(s)
Electrical Systems
Engines
Frame & Suspension Systems
Health Conditions / Faults & Events
Hydraulic / Pneumatic Work Systems
Navigation Systems
Operator/Console Systems
Payload
Trip Information
Wheels/Tracks/Tires
Third-Party Value
OEM Value Drivers Drivers
Product Improvement Aftermarket Services Third-Party Technology
Equipment Data Class (OEM) (OEM) & Applications
ͻEĞǁĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŽƉƚŝŽŶƐ ͻŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶŵĂŝŶƚĂŶĂŶĐĞ ͻŝƐƉĂƚĐŚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ
ͻ/ŵƉƌŽǀĞĂĐĐŽƵŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ services ͻ'ĞŽƐƉĂƚŝĂů;'/^Ϳ
with OEMs ͻWĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽƉƚŝŵŝnjĂƚŝŽŶ ͻ'ĞŽƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
ͻZĞƐŽůǀĞǁĂƌƌĂŶƚLJĐůĂŝŵƐ services ͻdĞůĞŵĞƚƌLJƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
quickly ͻ&ŝŶĂŶĐĞͬůĞĂƐĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ͻ^ĐŚĞĚƵůŝŶŐΘƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ
ͻ&ĞĂƚƵƌĞƵƐĂŐĞǀƐĐŽƐƚ ͻZĞĨƵƌďŝƐŚͬƌĞƉůĂĐĞ ͻ^ŝƚĞŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐ
recommendations
Asset/Equipment Information
Brake Systems
Drive Train/Transmission(s)
Electrical Systems
Engines
Frame & Suspension Systems
Health Conditions / Faults & Events
Hydraulic / Pneumatic Work Systems
Navigation Systems
Operator/Console Systems
Payload
Trip Information
Wheels/Tracks/Tires
Loaders (bucket loader, front loader, front-end loader, Shotcrete Trucks – Driven heavy equipment used to
payloader, scoop, skip loader, or wheel loader) – Heavy deliver and agitate cement (shotcrete or Gunite) for use by
equipment machines used to move aside or load material spraying equipment.
into or onto another type of machinery (i.e., dump truck, Lifts/Fork Lifts – Vehicles used for roof reinforcement
conveyor belt, feed-hopper, or railroad car). works, explosive charging, and installation of cables, pipes,
Dozers – Crawlers (continuous tracked tractor) and ventilation equipment. Typical options include side-
equipped with a blade to push large quantities of soil, sand, shift platform, platform tilt, crane, pipe installing equip-
rubble, or other material during mining operations or con- ment, air compressors, and an electrically driven power
version work. This category also includes rubber-tired doz- pack for platform hydraulics.
ers. Chargers – Heavy equipment that delivers and inserts
Hydraulic Diesel Excavators – Hydraulic heavy equip- explosive charges for blasting operations.
ment consisting of a boom, stick, bucket, and cab on a Longwall – Complex underground heavy equipment
rotating platform known as the “house”. The house sits atop used to support the roof, “slice” panels of material, and
an undercarriage with tracks or wheels, which is operated crush and convey it away, all while moving along the rock
through hydraulic fluid with hydraulic cylinders and face.
hydraulic motors.
Graders (road grader, blade, maintainer, or motor 10. GUIDELINE REVISIONS (FUTURE VERSIONS)
grader) – Heavy machines with a long blade to create a flat During guideline development, the team worked to
surface during grading. Typical models have three axles: the develop strong consensus from the overall group at every
engine and cab are situated above the rear axles at one end stage in the process. When strong alignment could not be
of the vehicle, and a third axle is at the front end of the vehi- reached, points were tabled for subsequent discussion and
cle with the blade in between. versions of the guideline. The second version of this guide-
Electric Rope Shovels (electric cable shovel, stripping line has already been initiated, with the topic of
shovel, front shovel, or electric mining shovel) – Bucket- autonomous equipment, additional equipment types, and
equipped machines, usually electrically powered, operated “undecided” data groups. Data that are defined as closed,
by cables, winches, and steel for digging and loading earth which also includes undecided, will be revisited in future
or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction. guideline releases, along with new data items.
Scrapers – Wheel tractor-scrapers are heavy equipment
used for earthmoving. The rear part has a vertically move- 10.1 Autonomous Equipment
able hopper with a sharp, horizontal front edge. The hopper The same dataset available from manned equipment
can be hydraulically lowered and raised to cut into soil or should also be available from autonomous equipment.
clay like a plane and fills the hopper. Additional information from the autonomous control sys-
tem is also needed. To include these data groups, there
9.2 Underground Mining Equipment needs to be a stronger industry vision and models for the
LHD Trucks – Heavy equipment machines used in con- autonomous equipment segment. A separate GMSG initia-
junction with scoops, trams, and loaders to move aside or tive has begun to address this need, and will provide a
load materials into or onto another type of machinery (i.e., framework to include autonomous control system data in a
dump truck, conveyor belt, or lift) or material dumping loca- future guideline version.
tion.
Drills – Several types of drill rigs depend on the desired 10.2 Additional Equipment Types
purpose, such as production, bolting, cabling, and tunnel- Several other categories of mobile mining equipment
ing. were recommended for inclusion in future revisions of this
Scoops, Trams, and Loaders – Heavy equipment used in guideline, including mobile ventilation equipment and rock
conjunction with LHD trucks to move aside or load materi- breakers.
als into or onto another type of machinery (i.e., dump truck,
conveyor belt, or lift) or material dumping location. 10.3 “Undecided” Data Groups
Rock Bolters (roof bolter) – Hydraulically driven heavy Undecided data groups did not have the strong con-
equipment used to install rock bolts in mines, tunnels, and sensus needed for initial inclusion (e.g., electrical data).
storage facilities.
Rio Tinto PLC and Rio Tinto Ltd. (2014). Next-generation min-
ing: People and technology working together [Brochure].
Retrieved on February 19, 2016, from http://www.riotinto.com
/documents/Mine_of_The_Future_Brochure.pdf
ANNEXES
The following Surface Equipment (Annex A) and Underground Equipment (Annex B) annexes are “sample datasets” cre-
ated at the time of the 2015 workshops. They are continually evolving, and are not intended as a prescriptive dictionary or
standard for onboard datasets.
Annex A: Surface Equipment (- indicates the data are not relevant to that equipment category)
Annex B: Underground Equipment (- indicates the data are not relevant to that equipment category)
http://www.globalminingstandards.org