(Pressure, Volume, Temperature) behaviour of fluid​

Includes
Reservoir Composition

Crucial for understanding the flow behaviour of flow behaviour Single or multi-stage flash
and flow assurance
Flashed gas and oil compositions

GOR
Critical to hydrate and scale risk assessments

Water Composition Analysis Easy

Typical cation components with ICP​
PVT Analysis
Bicarbonate
2. LAB ANALYSIS
Wax Great Care
Sulphate

Normal Paraffin Distribution

Measured on dead oil
High temperature gas chromatography (HTGC)
Different region, and multiple
stacked pay zone even in single
Wax appearance temperature
continuous reservoir will have Flow Assurance Property
different fluid properties and it will Characterization
affect the production system design Viscosity and pour point
Asphaltenes
and more.​
Saturate Aromatic Resin Asphaltene (SARA)
Measured on dead oil
Sampling is done by utilizing a 1. DOWNHOLE FLUID SAMPLING Paraffinic solvent titration endpoint
sampling device. This is done in
the appraisal stage. The challenge Composition from a standard PVT
Gas Hydrates
of fluid sampling is the changes in Thermodynamic model
pressure and temperature can Produced Water Composition
cause phase changes that lead to
sample alteration. ​ Formation Water Composition
Evaluate scaling potential in various production scenarios​
Inorganic Scales

That is why fluid sampling is done. The

goal of the downhole sampling 3. THERMAL HYDRAULIC MODELLING ! A. Steady State Analysis Done for system during normal
procedure is to bring a sample back to Flow Assurance Workflow Process operation. Help narrow down the
the lab that is identical in composition to design options and specifications
the fluid in the reservoir.​
The outcomes are cool down time, warm
up time, slugging, chilly choke effect, hot
oil circulation. To study how the system
B. Unsteady/Transient state analysis behave during start-up and shut-down

5.IMPLEMENTATION

Chemical solvents are used to breakdown the deposits​

Temperature can be increased to liquefy wax or hydrate by
installing heating systems across a few points along the
pipeline or continuously supplying heat via the constant flow
of hot crude oil from the reservoir to the end facility​
The depressurization to dissociate hydrates​
Mechanical intervention and scrapping through the process of
pigging whereby an equipment in the shape of a pipeline/tubing wall
is inserted moved along the inside of the pipe/tubing wall to remove
any solid/hardened components in the pipeline​
Flow assurance remediation strategy should be integrated into the
4. Engineering
production system in the planning stage. For instance, different
mechanisms should be thought of being installed in order to
prevents the accumulation of any of the Saturate, Aromatic, Resin ,
Asphaltene (SARA) components in the production tubing or
flowlines. The list below shows a list of methods that can be applied
as remediation strategy for flow assurance related issues.​
SOP that operators needs to follow in order to manage flow
assurance risk.
B. Operation

Example:
What is the SOP for maintaining production to avoid slugging.
What is the SOP in ramping up wells during startup to avoid
hydrate blockage.

Determine what chemicals that are needed to mitigate or

remediate problems caused by solid depositing in the tubulars.
C. Chemicals