Professional Documents
Culture Documents
03 MODULE 3 The Types of Business A Guide For Students
03 MODULE 3 The Types of Business A Guide For Students
MODULE 3
THE TYPES OF
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
E
Ntrepreneurs engage in various activities – some big, some small, and others in between.
Their activities could be trading, manufacturing, or service business. They are supported by
either the family members or members of the community as employees. Entrepreneurs cater
to the people not only in big cities but in small towns as well.
1) Merchandising or Trading
This refers buying of goods and selling the same without change in form. There are two types of
merchandising: (1) retailing and (2) wholesale.
Retailing – In this type of merchandising, goods are sold in small quantities. The final consumer
may be an individual person or a business unit.
ENT 112
Budget Wise
This sells variety of food and household
Yubengco
(2) Supermarket products.
LB Supermarket
Lenin Computer
These carry a variety of models for one Systems
(3) Specialty Stores
kind or limited product line. Expression Mobile
Center Lenin Hardware
SM Hypermarket
These are larger than supermarkets and
(5) Superstores Puregold
department stores have emerged.
Super 8
*Other forms of retailers include vendors (market vendor, ice cream vendor, ‘Taho’ vendor),
market stall sellers, ‘Carinderia’, ‘Sari-Sari’ store, etc.
Wholesaling – In this type of merchandising business, goods are sold in big quantities or in
volume. Products sold in this type may either be apparel, electrical goods, groceries and related
products, hardware, plumbing, heating equipment, lumber, construction materials, machinery,
equipment, supplies, motor vehicles, automotive equipment, paper, paper products, petroleum,
or petroleum products. Examples of wholesaler would be Unicity and Unitop Zamboanga.
2) Servicing
It is a type of business whose purpose is to do work or to provide services for people. It is a kind
of business that renders or sells services to customers or clients.
ENT 112
MLhuillier
Cebuana Lhuillier
These include banking and
Garden Orchid Hotel
finance, hotel and restaurant
Astoria Regency
services, schools, entertainment
Enchanted Kingdom
(theme park, movie houses, and
(2) Corporations ABS-CBN TV Station
TV productions), hospitals, call
GMA Broadcasting Network
centers, and transportation
Philippine Airlines
services (bus companies, airlines
Cebu Pacific
and shipping lines).
2Go
Aleson Shipping Lines
3) Manufacturing
It is a type of business who manufactures products by converting raw materials into finished
products. The manufacturer buys the raw materials. Then, it makes the raw materials to finished
products by applying direct labor and factory overhead. There are manufacturers of
shoes/footwear (in Marikina), canned goods, soap and toiletries, food products, garment, school
and office supplies, glass wares, silverwares, China wares, or kitchen wares. Examples would be
Mega Fishing Corporation, Uniliver, Nestle, Nutri Asia, San Miguel Corporation, Toyota Motor
Corporation, and Advance Paper Corporation.
Raw Materials – These are what you see in the completed product. For example, in
shoes and handbags, the leather is the raw material. Paper is the raw material for books.
Wood is the raw material for furniture.
Direct Labor – This is the work on the raw materials as it is converted into finished
product. Direct labor is the work of the carpenter on the wood to convert wood to
furniture.
Factory Overhead – These are the resources needed or costs that need to be paid for in
making products other than raw materials and direct labor. To manufacture handbags,
some examples of factory overhead are the electricity, salary of the supervisors, phone
bill, rental of factory space, and the water bill. Factory overhead refers to all costs in
manufacturing other than raw materials and direct labor.
Although numerous and diverse, the legal forms of business organization fall into three categories:
the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. To understand the basic differences
among these forms, we need to define each one and understand its advantages and disadvantages.
1) Sole Proprietorship – A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person who operates it
for his or her own profit. The typical sole proprietorship is small, such as a sari-sari store,
convenience store, barbershop, parlor, and hardware shop.
ENT 112
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Owner receives all profits. Owner has unlimited liability – total wealth can be
Low organizational cost taken to satisfy debts
Income is included and taxed on Limited fund-raising power tends to inhibit growth
proprietor’s personal tax return Proprietor must be jack-of-all-trades
Independence Difficult to give employees long-run career
Secrecy opportunities
Ease of dissolution Loses continuity when proprietor (owner) dies
2) Partnership – A partnership is formed through ―a contract whereby two or more persons bind
themselves to contribute money, property, or industry into a common fund with the intention of
dividing profits among themselves. (Art. 1767, Civil Code of the Philippines)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
It is easy and inexpensive to organize, as it is The personal liability of a partner for
formed by a simple contract between two or more firm debts deters many from investing
persons. capital in a partnership.
The unlimited liability of the partners makes it A partner may be subject to personal
reliable from the point of view of creditors. liability for the wrongful acts or
The combined personal credit of the partners omission of his/her associates.
offers better opportunity for obtaining additional It is less stable because it can easily
capital than does a sole proprietorship. be dissolved.
The participation in the business by more than There is divided authority among the
one person makes it possible for a closer partners.
supervision of all the partnership activities. There is constant likelihood of
The direct gain to the partners is an incentive to dissension and disagreement when
give close attention to the business. each of the partners has the same
The personal element in the characters of the authority in the management of the
partners is retained. firm.
3) Corporation – A corporation is an artificial being created by operation of law, having the right of
succession and the powers, attributes and properties expressly authorized by law or incident to
its existence. (Sec. 1, Corporation Code of the Philippines)
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
The corporation enjoys a continuous existence
It is not easy to organize because of
because of its power of succession.
its complicated legal requirements
The corporation has the ability to obtain a strong
and high costs in its organization.
credit line because of continuity of existence.
The limited liability of its shareholders
Large scale business undertakings are made
may weaken its credit capacity.
possible because many individuals can invest
It is subject to rigid governmental
their funds in the enterprise.
control.
The liability of its investors or shareholders is
It is subject to more taxes.
limited to the extent of their investment in the
Its centralized management restricts
corporation.
a more active participation by
The transfer of shares can take effect without the
shareholders in the conduct of its
need of prior consent of other shareholders.
corporate affairs.
Its smooth operation is guaranteed because of its
centralized management.
ENT 112
Quizzer 1: IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Indicate whether each statement is a retailing activity or not. Write R if the statement is a
retailing activity or NR if the statement is not on the space provided.
Quizzer 2: IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Indicate whether each statement corresponds to a service business or a manufacturing
business. Write S if the statement corresponds to a service business or M if the statement
corresponds to a manufacturing business on the space provided.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
______________ 1. Taxi Business A. Entertainment Service
REFERENCES
Banastao, C. B. & Frias, S. A. (2010). Entrepreneurship. Makati City, Philippines: KATHA Publishing Co., Inc.
ENT 112