Brain Tumor and Diagnostic Imaging

Presented By:

Nageen Kousar
F20BPHYS3M01032
(M. Phil student)
 Brain Tumor
 A brain tumor is a set, or mass, of abnormal cells in your brain.
Your skull, which encloses your brain, is very rigid.
 Any growth inside such a restricted space can cause problems.

 Brain tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous

(benign).
 When benign or malignant tumors grow, they can cause the
pressure inside your skull to increase.
 This can reason brain injuries, and it can be harsh.

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 Symptoms of Tumor
 Symptoms of brain tumors depend on the size and location
of the tumor.
The most common symptoms of brain tumors are:
 Headaches

 seizures

 vomiting

 changes in personality

 changes in your hearing, speech, or vision

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 Types Of Brain Tumor

Primary brain tumor

A primary brain tumor originates in your brain. Whether

cancerous or benign, tumors that start in cells of the brain
are called primary brain tumors. Primary brain tumors may
spread to other parts of the brain or to the spine, but rarely to
other organs.

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 Metastatic or secondary Tumor

 A secondary brain tumor, also known as a metastatic brain tumor, occurs

when cancer cells spread to your brain from another organ, such as your
lung or breast.
 Metastatic or secondary brain tumors begin in another part of the body and
then spread to the brain. These tumors are more common than primary brain
tumors and are named by the location in which they begin.
 They are treated based on where they originate, such as the lung, breast,
colon or skin.

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 Scans and Imaging Techniques

A scan is the first step to identify if a brain tumor is present, and to

locate exactly where it growing. A scan creates computerized images of
the brain and spinal cord by examining it from different angles.

Commonly used scanning and imaging techniques:

 Computed Axial Tomography (CAT or CT scan)

 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
 Positron Emission Tomography

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 Computed Axial Tomography (CAT or CT scan)

 Computerized axial tomography (CT or “CAT”) scan is a type of X-ray

that provides information about the brain and skull.
 The procedure typically lasts 10 minutes while you lie on a moveable table
that glides smoothly into the center of a doughnut-shaped machine.
 A radiologist may inject contrast dye, which highlights abnormal tissue,
through an arm vein to render the tumor more visible.
 If you develop a rash or itching after the dye is administered, you must
quickly alert someone, as it may be an allergic reaction.
 This reaction is common for people with known allergies to shellfish,
which can contain iodine, the element used for CT contrast.

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 A computerized tomography (CT) image of the brain showing swelling in the left
cerebellum and hydrocephalus (enlargement and obstruction of the Lateral ventricles).

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 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

 MRI can create clear and detailed three dimensional images of a brain
tumor. An MRI is not often used with people who have a pace maker or
other metal device. it uses magnetic fields to take highly detailed
three-dimensional images of the brain.
 For your safety, you will be asked to remove all clothes with metal
parts and jewelry because of the magnets used in the technology.
Expect to lie within the MRI cylinder for about 20 minute’s to1 hour.
 Some people report feeling claustrophobic. If you expect this might be
the case for you, let the staff know beforehand.
 MRI scanner is very noisy. So you will probably wear earplugs and
headphones.
 However, a closed MRI is preferable as the images that result are of
higher resolution and better quality.

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 MRI Scanner

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 CT MRI
It uses It uses
radiations magnetic
field.
Excellent for
bones and Best for soft
organs. tissues.

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