Identification of Dyestuffs

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(A) Preliminary Tests

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Appearance Amorphous Direct, Acid, Basic, Sulphur, Mordant, Vat,

of dye Naphthols, Fast bases, Salts, Rapid fast,
Powder Indigosol etc.

Crystalline Some Basic dyes, Disperse dye

Flakes like Aniline salts

2. Colour of Bright, Shining Basic

Powder
Bright Direct, Acid, Basic, Vat, Mordant etc.

Dull Sulphur

Light colour Indigosols, Naphthols, Fast salts, Some Fast

bases, Rapid fast, Rapidogen etc.

3. Weight of Light Basic, Direct, Vat, Acid etc.

Powder
Heavy Pigments

4. Smell of Phenolic Naphthols

Powder
Aromatic Fast bases, Salts

Sweet Smell Indigosols

like chloroform

(B) Solubility Tests

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Dye Powder + A Dissolves in warm but Fast salts

Water (Heat the precipitated at boiling
Solution)
B Dissolves very freely giving a Indigosols, Aniline
Original Solution faint coloured solution salt

1/7
 C Dissolves very freely giving a Direct, Basic,
deep coloured solution Reactive, Acid, Acid
(Transperent) mordant etc.

D Insoluble particles in Naphthol, Vat,

suspension condition Sulphur, Fast bases,
Pigments

E Insoluble particles in disperse Disperse

condition

Preliminary Tests For A

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Naphthol Solution Deep Coloured Solution Fast salts

Preliminary Tests For B

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + NaNO2 + dil. HCl or Deep Coloured Indigosol

H2SO4 & Heat Precipitates

No ppts. Pre –Aniline

Salt

Preliminary Tests For C

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Tannin Precipitates are obtained in Basic Dye

Reagent & Heat few minutes

No ppts. Direct, Acid,

Acid
mordant

2. Original Solution + Wool + I Both Cotton & Wool Basic Dye

Tanned Cotton + Acetic Acid (2 – dyed in full shade. Not
3 drops) & Heat fast to rubbing

II Cotton dyed deeper then Direct Dye,

wool & fast to rubbing Reactive dye

2/7
 III Wool is dyed & Cotton Acid, Acid
stained, it is stripped in mordant
hot dil. NH3

Preliminary Tests For D

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original powder + dil. A clear solution is obtained after few Base

HCl + NaNO2. Drop by minutes which give coloured ppts. With
drop naphthol solution

No ppts. Naphthol,
Vat, Sulphur
etc.

2. Powder + NaOH Dissolve freely giving clear solution Naphthol,

solution + Water & Rapidogen
Heat
Insoluble Sulphur, Vat

3. Original Solution + dil. Coloures ppts. Rapidogen

Acetic acid or Formic
acid & Heat ppts. as Original substance Naphthol

4. Powder + Na2S & Heat Dissolve freely with a change in colour Sulphur

Do not dissolves Vat

5. Powder + NaOH + Dissolve with a change in colour Vat

Na2S2O4 & Heat

(C) Confirmative Tests

Confirmative Tests for Fast Salt

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Naphtholated yarn Deep colour Fast Salt

Yarn dyed in full shade

2. Fastness test Not fast to rubbing Fast salt

Confirmative Tests for Indigosols

3/7
 Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.

1. Original Solution + NaNO2 + Cotton, Cotton gets dyed, in full Indigosol

Warm squeeze & put in hot dil H2SO4 shade
Solution

2. Dyed yarn + NaOH + Hydro, & Heat Colour is reduced & Indigosol
restored in air or
persulphite

3. Fastness test Fast to all Indigosol

Confirmative Tests for Aniline Salt

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + dil H2SO4 + Cotton is dyed, from Aniline salt

Cotton + K2Cr2O7 (drop) & Heat brown to black colour

2. Bleaching test Turns brown or Aniline salt

diminished

3. Fastness test to rubbing Not fast to rubbing Aniline salt

Confirmative Tests for Basic Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Dyed wool + white Cotton + white White Wool is dyed deeper Basic dye
Wool + Soap solution & heat than white Cotton

2. Dyed wool + 10 % Sodium Dye is not stripped and no Basic dye

hydrosulphite solution effect on original shade

Confirmative Tests for Direct Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original solution + Cotton + Cotton is dyed in deep Direct dye

2 – 3 drops Soda ash + NaCl Boil shade

4/7
 2. Dyed cotton + NaOCl solution Colour is discharge Direct dye
within
5 – 7 minutes

3. Dyed cotton + white Cotton + Soap White cotton stained Direct dye
solution, Boil

Confirmative Tests for Reactive Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Cotton & Dye stained untreated cotton and Reactive dye
after dyeing add Cotton & partially stripped from dyed
H2SO4 cotton

2. Above dyed cotton + Pyridine No effect Reactive dye

or Chloroform , Warm

Confirmative Tests for Acid Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Wool + CH3COOH Wool dyed deeper than Acid dye
+ Cotton & Heat Cotton or Cotton is not
dyed

2. Dyed wool + Strong hydrosulphite Dye stripped from the Acid dye
solution dyed fibre

3. Dyed wool + K2Cr2O7 + water & Heat Colour is stripped from Acid dye
for 5 minutes (Treated wool) + Soap both dyed samples
solution, Boil
& untreated dyed wool + soap solution
& boil separately

Confirmative Tests for Acid Mordant

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution + Wool + Wool dyed deeper than Acid

Cotton & Heat Cotton or Cotton is not dyed mordant

5/7
 2. Dyed wool + drop of K2Cr2O7 + Colour become deeper or Acid
Water & Heat changed on tone mordant

3. Dyed wool (untreated with Colour stripped Acid

K2Cr2O7) + Soap solution & Heat mordant

Confirmative Tests for Fast Base

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original Solution* + Yarn is dyed in deep full colour Fast Base

Naphtholated yarn

2. Fastness to rubbing Not fast to rubbing Fast Base

3. Dyed cotton + NaOCl solution No change in colour of the Fast Base

dyed cotton

4. Dyed cotton + Rongolite – C + Original colour of the dyed Fast Base

CH3COOH , Boil cotton is changed

· Original solution made by HCl + NaNO2 +Sodium acetate

Confirmative Tests for Rapidogen

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original solution + Yarn + Hot Acetic acid Yarns get dyed Rapidogen

Confirmative Tests for Naphthol

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Original solution + Fast salt Deep coloured ppts. Naphthol

2. Original Solution + Yarn & put it in fast Yarn gets dyed in full Naphthol
salt solution shade

Confirmative Tests for Sulphur Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

6/7
 1. Powder + SnCl2 + Lead acetate paper turns brown to Sulphur dye
Conc. HCl & Heat black with silvery effect

2. Fastness to bleaching Loose to bleach Sulphur dye

3. Powder + Na2S + Cotton dyed with full deep colour Sulphur dye
cotton & Heat

Confirmative Tests for Vat Dye

Sr. TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

No.

1. Dyed cotton + Soap solution Boil for 2 Colour is not Vat dye
minutes remove

2. Dyed cotton + NaOCl Fast to bleach Vat dye

3. Dyed fibre + Colour is not Vat dye

Formic acid (85 %), Boil remove

4. Dyed fibre + Na2S2O4 solution No change in Vat dye

colour

7/7