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Electronic Fuel Injection System

Diagram and Working Principle
Amrie Muchta 3/27/2018

The electronic fuel injection system is a new innovation in

gasoline engine, this system incorporates electronic
computerizm to get the best fuel and air comparisons under
all engine conditions.
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The EFI system basically has the same diagrams as

Materi Otomotif
conventional fuel systems. However, the EFI system does not
equip with carburetor. Instead, the injector will be placed in
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front of the intake valve in each cylinders.

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Then how about the diagram of electronic fuel injection ?
below we will learn a basic schematics of EFI system for you
to understand easily.

A. Fuel Line diagram of EFI system

As seen above, the efi system has a fairly simple diagram of

fuel lines. The fuel will be moved directly from the tank to the
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1/22/2021 Electronic Fuel Injection System Diagram and Working Principle - AutoExpose

injector. The flow of gasoline in the EFI system is more like

5 Types of Fuel Injection S
this, Diesel Engine

1. Gasoline inside the tank will be pumped by an electric

Fuel Injection Pump Worki
pump located inside the tank (sink). Principle in Diesel Engine
2. Gasoline from the pump will flow through the fuel
filter. In the fuel filter, the gasoline will be filtered from
Understanding Fuel Injecti
any dust or dirts. System in Diesel Engine
3. After passing the fuel filter, the gasoline will be
inserted directly into the delivery pipe. The delivery 8 Main Parts Of Diesel Eng
pipe has multiple channels that directly connected to Their Function
each injectors.

4. When one of the injector solenid opened, the gasoline Two Types Of Electronic Ig
will spray out. To adjust the amount of gasoline that Systems and Differents
sprayed, the ECU will adjust the duration of the injector
solenoid opening time.
4 Types of Fuel Injection S
With Differences and Expla

Perhaps there is a question, why does gasoline spray out

4 Stroke Diesel Engine Val
when the solenoid open? Timing Diagram

There is a difference pressure between intake manifold and

inside the injectors (actualy, the pressure inside the injector is
greater than the pressure inside the intake). Thus, the gasoline
inside the injector will spray out into the intake manifold that
has lower pressure.

How to make the fuel pressure inside the injectors greater ?

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This is the task of electric fuel pump, the fuel pump will pump
the gasoline from the tank to the delivery pipe. That is, the
fuel pump does not just deliver gasoline from the tank to the
engine, but also raises the gasoline pressure constantly.

B. The diagram of Electronic fuel injection

For efi circuit, might be more complicated. However, we will

explain a basic of EFI system schematic with a very simple
circuit.

As shown in the image, this circuit consists of three main

components. They’re sensors, ECU, and actuators. The sensor
will be an indicator or benchmark of the ECU in computing,
while the actuator is used as the executor of the result of the
ECU calculation (eg injector and fuel pump).

If explained, maybe the circuit will be like this

1. IAT and MAF sensors, will detect air temperature and

the mass of air that flowing passing the filter. This will

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1/22/2021 Electronic Fuel Injection System Diagram and Working Principle - AutoExpose

be an early indicator to determine how much gasoline

is needed.

2. The TP sensor will detect the opening angle of the

throtle valve, it will know the RPM desired by the driver
(the higher the RPM the more gasoline it will take)

3. CKP and CMP sensors will give the info to determine

when the injector is open, this will make the gasoline
spray out fitting during the intake step.

4. O2 sensor, served as feedback or correction of the

combustion results, whether the combustion works
perfect or premature. Data from O2 sensor, will be
used to improve AFM (air fuel mixture). This sensors,
locate inside the exhaust manifold.

The data from the above sensors, will form a voltage with a
certain value. Each voltage value, has different information to
what is measured. The ECU will translate all these voltage
values, and perform the calculations. The results, is also in the
form of voltage.

There are two outputs from the ECU, first ECU output to the
injector and second to the fuel pump. The output voltage from
the ECU to the injector has a duration, the duration will affect
the amount of gasoline sprayed. While the ECU output to the
fuel pump, has a value variation. The greater the voltage the
greater the pressure generated by the pump, this makes the
amount of gasoline coming out of the injector more and more.

From the above explanation, I think it is quite clear how the

EFI system works. Hope can increase our insight.

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