Spirent TestCenter

BGP Testing

www.spirentcampus.com
Topic Overview
„ BGP Routing Features
„ Configuring Routers
„ Route Generator
„ Editing Routes
„ Router Options
„ Sending Traffic to the Advertised Routes
„ Logging Protocol Events
„ Starting the Routers
„ Router Results
„ Starting Traffic and Viewing Results
„ Command Sequencer
„ Charting Incremental Results
„ Import Real Internet Routing Tables
„ Enhanced AFI/SAFI Support
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 BGP Routing Features
„ BGP4, BGP4+ and MP-BGP for IPv4, IPv6, dual-stack, and MPLS/VPLS
„ Single or Multihop Internal or External BGP
„ Support for Route Reflectors and Confederations
„ Support for MD-5 authentication
„ Support for BFD and Graceful Restart
„ Emulate up to 5,000 routers and over 10 billion routes per port group
„ Support for Route Attribute types 1-10 and 14-16
„ Custom MP-BGP Capabilities (AFI/SAFI) support any combination of well-known or
user-defined values
„ Support up to 128 standard communities or all well-known communities
„ Sending Route Refresh messages & packing BGP routes
„ Importing real Internet routing tables with millions of routes & associated attributes
„ Detailed result statistics show the state of all sessions
„ Control of all protocol timers
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Technology Selector
„ The Technology Selector is used to filter protocols seen in the Spirent
TestCenter Application.
„ The tool automatically opens each time the Application is launched.
„ Users can add unselected protocols to a test at any time by clicking the
Technology Selector button from the main toolbar.

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Adding Routers
„ Spirent TestCenter offers you different options to add routers:
‹ From either the All Ports or Individual Ports grids
‹ Manually or using the Create Routers Wizard
‹ or use a combination of any of the above

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Router Wizard – Select Ports
„ During a single Router Wizard session you can add one or more Routers
to one or more Ports.
„ However, all of the Routers added have similar attributes.
„ For example, they may all have the same encapsulation and support the
same protocols.
„ Multiple Router Wizard sessions can be used to add different Routers
with different attributes.

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Router Wizard – Select Protocols
„ Select the routing protocol(s) to run on these routers.
„ Select whether to launch Route Wizard when finished (optional).

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 Router Wizard – Encapsulation

„ Choose the Upper layer protocol (IPv4 only, IPV6 only, or both)
„ You can also add one or more (i.e., a stack) of 802.1Q tags by
checking the “Number of VLAN Headers” option.
‹ When this is selected, the Configure VLANs step will appear.

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Router Wizard – Configure VLANs
„ The following slide describes some stuff about this.

Ethernet
Ethernet 802.1Q Service Provider Tag
Frame 802.1Q Customer Tag
Frame (S-Tag) (C-Tag)
D S TPID CoS VLAN TPID CoS C VLAN Ether-
Priority
D
ID F Data FCS
A A E Priority I ID Type

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Configure VLANs continued
„ The example on the previous slide had 2 VLAN headers configured (i.e.,
Q-n-Q)
„ VLAN #1 is always the first (top) tag
‹ It is the only tag if only 1 VLAN header is configured
‹ If only 1 tag is configured, its TPID must be 0x8100 per IEEE 802.1Q
‹ Spirent TestCenter only counts it as a VLAN frame when its TPID is 0x8100
„ The TPID identifies the frame as 802.1Q.
„ The S-Tag TPID is vendor proprietary.
‹ Some vendors use a unique TPID for the S-Tag to identify the frame as
Q-in-Q.
‹ Some common S-Tag TPID values: 0x9100, 0x9200, 0x88a8
„ The C-Tag TPID is always 0x8100.
„ For the S-Tag, the Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) has been redefined
to be used for Discard Eligible (DE), similar to Frame Relay DE.
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Router Wizard – Configure Routers
„ Set the number of Routers, Router ID, Router MAC and IP
Addresses, Gateway, and Priority (don’t forget the Steps).

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Router Wizard – Configuring BGP

„ Configure the BGP Session attributes

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Router Wizard – Preview

„ A last chance to view the parameters before selecting Finish.

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BGP Route Generator
„ Is a quick and easy way to associate routes that will be advertised.
„ This will be covered in more detail later.

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Router Interface
„ Routing Emulation with Spirent TestCenter is router centric which is more like
you would set up a real router.
„ Go to All Routers > Router Interface tab or to an individual Port’s Routers tab.
„ The Router Interface tab is the common parameters for all protocols, such as IP
address, MAC address, default gateway and so on.

NOTE: You do not have to resolve the Gateway Address (ARP)

manually. Rather, it will resolve automatically when the Router
is started.
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Router Encapsulation
„ VLANs, Q-in-Q and other types of encapsulations like GRE tunneling are
configured on the Router Interface.
„ All protocols running on that router inherit the encapsulation.
‹ No need to configure the VLAN on each protocol
„ IPv6 is enabled when you set the encapsulation on the Router Interface.
„ All IPv6 related parameters are shown if IPv6 routers are configured (same with
VLANs).

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BGP Router Parameters

„ Used to configure session parameters of your BGP tests.

„ Well observe the “Router State” change when we start the
router soon.

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BGP Route Generator
„ Is a quick and easy way to associate routes that will be
advertised.
„ Is launched using the Router Generator button from the BGP
tab.

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Route Generator – Select Routers

„ Select the Port’s Routers that you want the routes added to.

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Route Generator – Configure Routes

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Configure Routes continued
„ Some things to think about:
‹ How many routes do you want added during this Route Wizard
session and what is the start prefix and mask?
‹ How do you want the routes distributed to each router?
• An even number per port
• An even number per router (even if the number of routers per port is not
linear)
• Based on the Port’s speed relative to each other (i.e., you want more
routes on higher speed ports regardless of the number of routers per
port)
‹ Do you want to duplicate routes on other routers, and if so, what is
the Path Suffix for the duplicate routes?
‹ How do you want the prefixes to be distributed?

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Viewing Routes Created and Edit Routes

„ Go to All Routers > BGP tab.

„ Select the router(s) you created the routes on.
„ Select Edit Routes… to view the routes.

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BGP Route Attributes
„ What are the Attributes of the advertised routes?
„ The “Route Category” can be one of the following:
‹ Undefined, Primary, Secondary, Unique.
‹ If you use the Route Generator and set the % to duplicate to be > 0, then it will
automatically tag the routes with either Primary or Secondary (Otherwise, it tags them
as Unique by default).
‹ Any route tagged as Secondary will NOT show up in the Traffic Wizard whether it is
an actual duplicate or not (see the following slides).

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BGP Global Options
„ Use the Edit BGP Global Options form to set global route
advertisement parameters that apply all BGP sessions.

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Sending Traffic to the Advertised Routes
„ You need a potential source and destination for the traffic.
„ These can be (among other things), a Host (see next slide)
or a Route (i.e., the same route(s) that you advertised).
„ Then you can use the Traffic Wizard to create a “Bound”
Stream Block.
‹ Bound Stream Blocks are used when you want to create automatic
traffic patterns.
‹ Bound Stream Blocks are “bound” between hosts, routers, and/or
route blocks.
‹ They inherit their attributes (source/destination addresses) from their
associated entity.
‹ This could include IP addresses automatically assigned by PPP or
DCHP, and/or destination MAC addresses resolved by ARP/ND.

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Creating Hosts
„ To create a Host you first must have at least one Port.
‹ Reserved or Offline
„ Hosts can be created in one of three ways:
1. Individually from the Host Interface grid under a single Port
2. One or more Hosts, across one or more ports, can be added simultaneously
using the Host Wizard
3. Copied (Duplicated) from existing Hosts

1
2

3
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Traffic Wizard

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Logging BGP Protocol Events

„ This should be set before you start the routers to see all of
the events.
„ Notice that the Log tab is selected.

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Starting the Routers

„ Right click or use Start Router button(s)

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Routers Running
„ Notice the “Router State”
„ Notice the Stop Routers button is now active

Router States defined by the BGP state machine:

Not Started - The emulated router has not been started.
Idle - The emulated router has initiated a TCP connection with its peer.
Connect - The emulated routing is waiting for a TCP session to be established with its peer.
Active - The emulated router trying to initialize a TCP session with its peer.
Open_Sent - An open message was sent but not received.
Open_Confirm - The open message was received from the remote peer.
Established - A keepalive message has been sent and received to/from the remote peer. 30
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BGP-specific Commands

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Selecting BGP Router Protocol
Statistics
„ In the Results Browser, change the Results View to Router
Protocols > BGP Results.

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BGP Results

„ The BGP state machine statistics and more.

„ Notice the Stop Routers and Stop BGP buttons in the
Results window.

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Viewing Received Routes

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Viewing Received Routes continued

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Starting Traffic and Viewing Results

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Command Sequencer
„ Allows customized testing.
„ Automatically created (but hidden) when Test Wizard used.
„ Create “Batch-mode” testing.
„ Build a complex series of events to truly stress a DUT.
‹ Run continuously or a timed test.

„ Add , remove or modify test steps.

„ Allows the introduction of “real world” events into a test
‹ Emulate link failures, route flapping, router failures, etc.
‹ Whole or partial failures supported.

„ Insert External Events – “White Box Testing”

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Command Sequencer

„ Use the command sequencer for customized testing.

Choose all or specific command groups
1

2
Add, then re-order the commands 3

Read the description

before selecting

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BGP-specific Commands

„ BGP-specific commands group.

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Starting the Test Sequence

„ Step through commands.

„ Run all at once.

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Event Results using a Chart
„ The example below show a Chart that was created to track incremental
results.
‹ In the Results Browser, right-click on an item to rack and “Add to Chart.”
„ Events are annotated with the assigned name and any comments
„ Width of the flap indication line depicts the amount of time that it took to
implement that event

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Import Real Internet Routing Tables
BGP Route Table Import imports millions of routes from real routing tables

Import a production Internet routing

table from a saved text file

Specify optional
configuration settings to
customize the BGP
table to the test

Specify the number of

routes and route blocks
to configure; this can
create very large tables
containing several BGP
peers with various BGP
attributes

I
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Enhanced AFI/SAFI Support
„ Spirent TestCenter now fully supports Multi-Protocol BGP (MP-BGP)
testing.
„ You can configure custom MP-BGP Capability support for RFC2858
AFI/SAFI values used for functional or negative testing.
„ Prior to release 2.30, Spirent TestCenter automatically configured the
AFI/SAFI and provided an option for users to add one extra pair of
AFI/SAFI values to be advertised in the BGP OPEN message.
„ However, AFI/SAFI capabilities were not advertised in the
MP_REACH_NLRI after the sessions were established.
„ You now have the ability to add or change (Multiple AFI/SAFI) values or
specify their own user-defined values. Up to 16 AFI/SAFI pairs per peer.
„ You define an address family type for each route block on the BGP
Route tab.
„ These will be advertised in the BGP UPDATE messages after the
sessions have been established.
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Custom AFI/SAFI – BGP Tab
„ Select commonly used AFI/SAFI values or enter your own
“User Defined” values.

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 Custom AFI/SAFI – Edit Routes
„ On the previous slide your selection was per Router AFI/Sub_AFI on the BGP tab
„ Edit Routes button gives you a “Sub_AFI” selection per Route block / Route Type

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End of Topic

www.spirentcampus.com
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