Recycling in Japan

Kazuyuki Kubo
Leader, Pavement Team
Public Works Research Institute
Japan

Recycling in Japan

History of Pavement Recycling

1970s Development of Recycling Technology for Pavement Wastes was started.

1984 Published “Handbook of Recycling Technology of Pavement Waste”

1986 Published “Handbook of In-situ Surface Recycling”

1987 Published “Handbook of In-situ Basecourse Recycling”

1992 Published “Handbook of Plant Recycling of Pavement”

2004 Published “Handbook of Pavement Recycling”

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

Recycling Ratio of Construction By-Products

„ Recycling Ratio of Asphalt Concrete is Over 98%

All of Construction 㪏㪌㩼

By-Products 㪌㪏㩼
㪐㪏㩼
Asphalt Concrete
㪏㪈㩼
Cement concrete 㪐㪍㩼
Waste Wood 㪍㪌㩼
For Construction Material 㪊㪏㩼 For Fuel 㪋㪌㩼 㪏㪊㩼
from Construction site 㪋㪇㩼
Construction Sludge 㪋㪈㩼 2000 fiscal year
㪈㪋㩼
Mixed Construction 㪐㩼 1995 fiscal year
Wastes 㪈㪈㩼
㪇 㪉㪇 㪋㪇 㪍㪇 㪏㪇 㪈㪇㪇㩼
International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

Recycling Method for Pavement

Recycled base Recycled base

Base course waste course material course
Plant recycling
method Recycled asphalt Recycled surface
mixture / binder course
Asphalt mixture
waste
In-place recycled
base course
In-place
Cement concrete recycling method
In-place recycled
waste
surface

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

Plant Recycling
„ Recycle pavement by-products at a stationary
mixing plant (recycling mixing plant)
„ Reuse them as pavement materials

Pavement
by-products crusher sieve
Recycled Virgin
aggregate aggregate

Asphalt
Recycled crusher-run

Recycled asphalt mixture

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

Plant Recycling
90,000

„ Most popular in Japan

80,000
„ Recently, the ratio of
Total Production of Asphalt Mixture (×1,000ton)

recycled asphalt mixture is 70,000

close to 70%.
„ Recycled asphalt mixture 60,000

has already been promoted VirginMixture

to use according to the 50,000

following law
‰ Law Concerning the
40,000

Promotion of Procurement
of Eco-Friendly Goods and 30,000

Services by the State and

Other Entities (Law on 20,000 RecycledMixture

Promoting Green
Purchasing), enacted in 10,000

FY2000
0
1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

In-place Base Course Recycling

„ Crush existing asphalt mixtures
„ Mix the milled asphalt mixture with existing granular base material and
stabilizing agents such as cement and/or emulsified asphalt
„ Compact this mixture to form a new base course
„ Finally, construct new asphalt layers as surface and binder courses

In-place Base Course Recycling Method

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

In-place Base Course Recycling

„ Limitation on the
thickness of existing
asphalt layers (to 㪊㪃 㪌㪇㪇
Construction Area (*1,000m2)

10cm) 㪊㪃 㪇㪇㪇
„ Rather popular at local 㪉㪃 㪌㪇㪇
ᣉᎿታ❣䇭䇭䇭ජ䋛

roads
㪉㪃 㪇㪇㪇
„ Technology transfer
㪈㪃 㪌㪇㪇
has been tried to
㪈㪃 㪇㪇㪇
Vietnam or other
Asian countries 㪌㪇㪇

㪇
ᐔᚑ 㵭92
㪋 㵭93
㪌 㵭94
㪍 㵭95
㪎 㵭96
㪏 㵭97
㪐 㵭98 㪈㪈
㪈㪇 㵭99 㪈㪉
㵭00 㵬01
㪈㪊
ᐕᐲ
Fiscal Year

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

In-place Surface Recycling

„ Heat the existing asphalt mixture
„ Scarify to loosen the material
„ Add new asphalt mixture and/or rejuvenators if necessary
„ Spread and compact it to construct a new surface course or binder course.

(Rejuvenator) Virgin Asphalt Mixture

Heating Crushing Mixing Spreading Compacting

(Road Surface Heater) (Re-mixer) (Compactor)

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

In-place Surface Recycling

„ Once it was popular in expressways
‰ Drainage asphalt pavement (DAP) has become popular

‰ In-place surface recycling is not adequate for DAP

„ There is a environmental problem such as an influence of heated air to

plants along the roads
Construction Area (*1,000m2)

㪉㪃㪌㪇㪇

㪉㪃㪇㪇㪇
ᣉ
Ꮏ
㪈㪃㪌㪇㪇
ታ
❣
㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇
䋲
䋨ජ㫄 䋩
㪌㪇㪇

㪇
㪌㪍ᐕᐲ 㪌㪎ᐕᐲ 㪌㪏ᐕᐲ 㪌㪐ᐕᐲ 㪍㪇ᐕᐲ 㪍㪈ᐕᐲ 㪍㪉ᐕᐲ 㪍㪊ᐕᐲ 㪈ᐕᐲ 㪉ᐕᐲ 㪊ᐕᐲ 㪋ᐕᐲ 㪌ᐕᐲ 㪍ᐕᐲ 㪎ᐕᐲ 㪏ᐕᐲ 㪐ᐕᐲ 㪈㪇ᐕᐲ 㪈㪈ᐕᐲ 㪈㪉ᐕᐲ 㪈㪊ᐕᐲ 㪈㪋ᐕᐲ
㵬81 㵬82 㵬83 㵬84 㵬85 㵬86 㵬87 㵬88 㵬89 㵬90 㵬91 㵬92 㵬93 㵬94 㵬95 㵬96 㵬97 㵬98 㵬99 㵬00 㵬01 㵬02
ᣉᎿᐕᐲ
Fiscal Year International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

Production of Modified Asphalt Mixture

Ratio of Modified Mixture Production%

㪈㪋㪅㪇
ో ឃ᳓ᕈ
಴
㪈㪉㪅㪇 Porous Asphalt Mixture
Modified Asphalt Mixture
ᡷ⾰
⩄ 㪈㪇㪅㪇
㊂
䈮 㪏㪅㪇
ኻ
䈜 㪍㪅㪇
䉎 㪋㪅㪇
ഀ
ว 㪉㪅㪇
䋦
㪇㪅㪇
㪈㪐㪐㪍ᐕ 㪈㪐㪐㪎ᐕ 㪈㪐㪐㪏ᐕ 㪈㪐㪐㪐ᐕ 㪉㪇㪇㪇ᐕ 㪉㪇㪇㪈ᐕ 㪉㪇㪇㪉ᐕ

Problem:
Recycling Method of Modified Asphalt
International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

Outstanding problems about

AC (Asphalt Concrete) recycle
„ Improve the ratio of AC waste reclaimed to AC
‰ According to the survey in 2002,
„ Total amount of AC waste in Japan is 30million tons
„ Amount of AC waste recycled to reclaimed AC is 15million tons (=50%)
„ The rest has been reused as recycled base course material
‰ Recycle use of modified AC and Porous AC
„ How will modifier act in the recycled mixture?
„ How about the influence of the difference in gradation between dense-
graded AC and Porous AC
„ Evaluation method for recycled asphalt
‰ Present : Penetration of old asphalt
‰ Revised : Indirect tensile test for reclaimed AC mixture
International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

Typical wastes from other areas

Molten slag made from

Wood municipal waste and
Glass
sewer sludge

Steel slag Used tire rubber Fly ash from fire

power plants
International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009

Recycling in Japan

Attention to use waste from other areas

„ Environmental Safety
‰ No seeping out of any harmful materials such as lead, chrome, etc.
„ Durability
‰ Equal strength with natural aggregate in hardness, wear-resist, etc.
„ Economical
‰ Not so expensive rather than natural aggregate
„ Stable supply
‰ Can be supplied with constant quantity and uniform quality
„ Sustainability
‰ Can be recycled in several times

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009
 Recycling in Japan

Thank you for your attention!

See you again at

ISAP NAGOYA 2010
http://isap-nagoya2010.jp/

International Workshop
ISAP Technical Committee APE
Asphalt Pavements and Environment
Qingtao, China, August 8, 2009