ASSOSA UNIVERSITY

college OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNAL

By: Tegegn Hailemariam(Msc.)

 INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL CONCEPTS
q Two important tasks that engineers face in the
measurement of physical variables are (1) selecting a
measurement system and (2) interpreting the output
from a measurement system.
Analog and Digital Signal system
q The term Analog is a taken from “Greek” word
“analogos”. Analog signals are a representation of time
varying quantities in a continuous signal.
q Analog signals work with natural phenomena and
physical values like frequency, earthquake, volcano,
flow of water, speed of wind, weight, lighting etc.
Analog Device for Measuring Earthquakes
AMPLITUDE
• This is the strength of the signal.
• It can be expressed a number of different ways (as volts,
decibels).
• The higher the amplitude, the stronger (louder) the signal.
The decibel is a popular measure of signal strength.
FREQUENCY
• This is the rate of change the signal undergoes every
second, expressed in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second.
• A 30Hz signal changes thirty times a second.
• In speech, we also refer to it as the number of vibrations
per second.
• As we speak, the air is forced out of our mouths, being
vibrated by our voice box.
• Men, on average, tend to vibrate the air at a lower rate
than women, thus tend to have deeper voices.
q It works on continuous data.
q It is used to measure natural or physical values.
q It is specific to a particular task. Hence it is not versatile.
q Accuracy of Analog signal is not high in comparison
digital signal.
q Analog signal output form is like Curve, Line or Graph, so
it may not be meaningful to all.
q The Digital signal having a discrete set of values. Digital
signals are a series of ONs and OFFs (represented by 1s
and 0s). These can be voltages going from a high (one)
value to a low (zero) value or flashes of light. It is
usually encoded into binary in order to carry out the
information.
q Digital Signal are continuous signals
q Digital signal based on binary form 0’s and 1’s
q Digital signal can be processed and transmitted more
efficiently and reliable than analog signal.
q Digital signal are versatile, we can use digital signals
widely than analog signals
q Accuracy of digital signal is higher than that of analog
signal
General purpose computer is best example of digital signal system based
computer.