1. PRESENT T.

SIMPLE
FORM
Aff: S+vb+s/es(III sg)
Int: Do/Does+S+vb(I)
Neg: S+do/does+not+vb(I)

“Es” dupa verbele terminate in ch, sh, ss, x, o si y precedat de consoana

TIME INDICATORS
 Always, usually, often, sometimes,seldom, rarely, never ( intre subiect si
predicat)
 Every day, every week ….
 Once,twice a……
USES
 O actiune obisnuita
e.g.We meet twice a week.
 Un adevar general valabil (ştiinţific sau moral)
e.g.The earth moves around the sun.
Mothers are mothers.
 Pentru actiuni momentane,in cazul indicatiilor scenice, a instructiunilor
culinare,comentariilor sportive si titlurilor articolelor de ziar.
e.g.He stops,looks at her and starts laughing.
e.g.She puts the flour in the bowl and adds a little salt.
e.g.He passes the ball to Chivu and he scores.
e.g.Heirs suffer a great loss.
*are inteles viitor:
a)pentru planuri oficiale cu urmatoarele verbe:
-verbele de miscare:arrive,leave,land,take off……pentru mersul mijloacelor de
transport
e.g.The plane takes off at 7:30.
-verbele:begin,start,end,finish
e.g.The winter holiday starts on December 21st.
-verbele:celebrate,meet,take place
e.g.The President meets the Prime Minister tomorrow morning.
b)in temporale si conditionale cu inteles viitor ce determina propozitii cu
verbe la viitor
e.g.I will give you the book when I come at your place.
e.g.I will give you the book if you need it.
 2. PRESENT T. CONTINUOUS
FORM
Aff: S+am/is/are+vb(+ing)
Int: Am/Is/Are+S+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+am/is/are+not+vb(+ing)
TIME INDICATORS
 Now,at this moment, at the moment,today,this week…
USES
 O actiune in desfasurare in momentul vorbirii sau intr-o perioada ce cuprinde
si momentul vorbirii
e.g.He is writing now.
e.g.She is reading a novel this week.
 O actiune temporara
e.g.They usually go to school by bus,but today they are going by car .
Cu “always”, “continually”, “constantly”, “forever” arata o actiune repetata ce
enerveaza vorbitorul
e.g.He is always asking me stupid questions!
 Cu verbele:become,get,grow si adjective la comparativ redă idea de proces
e.g.It is getting colder and colder.
*are inteles viitor:
a)pentru planuri personale
e.g.We are going in the country next weekend.
b)in temporale cu inteles viitor ce determina propozitii cu verbul la
viitor,introduce de while/as
e.g.I will go at the library while you are sleeping.
I will be cooking while you are sleeping.

3. PAST T. SIMPLE
FORM
Aff: S+vb+ed/2ndform
Int: Did+S+vb(I)
Neg: S+did+not+vb(I)
TIME INDICATORS
 Yesterday, last week,last year ,two days ago …
 Orice alt moment trecut
USES
 O actiune trecuta fara legatura cu prezentul.
e.g.They arrived last night.
  O actiune obisnuita din trecut fiind sinonima cu expresiile: used
to/would+vb(I)
a) used+vb(I) – arata o actiune trecuta obisnuita ce nu se mai mai repeta in
prezent/viitor.
b) would+vb(I) – arata o actiune obisnuita ce se mai poate repeta in
prezent/viitor.
in propozitiile determinate de temporale introduse de
“whenever/every time…”.
They played football when they were young.
They used to play football when they were young.
On every Christmas they would decorate the Christmas tree together.
Whenever he had time,he would visit his relatives .
 Este timpul povestirii,folosit pentru o insusire de actiuni trecute successive.
e.g.He stopped,looked at her and started laughing.
 Este echivalentul trecut al lui present simple in vorbirea indirecta cand
verbul spunerii este la trecut
e.g. « He visits them every weekend »
She said he visited them every weekend.

4. PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS

FORM
Aff: S+was/were+vb(+ing)
Int: Was/Were+S+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+was/were+not+vb(+ing)
TIME INDICATORS
 Aceiasi ca la PAST TENSE SIMPLE, cateodata precedati de « at this time »
USES
 O actiune in desfasurare la un anumit moment in trecut, intre doua momente
trecute sau intr-o perioada de timp trecut.
e.g.She was working at this time yesterday.
e.g.He was doing his homework from 4 to 6 p.m. yesterday.
e.g.We were learning for the test paper last weekend.
 Cu indicatorii temporali : always, continually, constantly,forever – arata o
actiune trecuta ,repetata, ce enerva vorbitorul.
e.g.He was always asking me stupid questions!
 O actiune viitoare vazuta din trecut
e.g.She was busy packing because she was leaving the next day.
 Este echivalentul trecut al lui present continous in vorbirea indirecta cand
verbul spunerii este la trecut
e.g.”I am writing now.”
He said he was writing then.
 5. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM
Aff: S+have/has+Past Participle(vb+ed/3rd form)
Int: Have/Has+S+Past Participle(vb+ed/3rd form)
Neg: S+have/has+not+Past Participle(vb+ed/3rd form)

TIME INDICATORS
 Just, always, ever, never, already(intre subiect si predicat)
 Lately, recently, so far, up to now, yet
 For, since, ever since
USES
 O actiune inceputa in trecut si terminata pana in prezent cu efecte asupra
experientei vorbitorului sau asupra starii de lucruri prezente
e.g.I can help you with the homework because I have understood this topic.
e.g.Your car looks new!
Well,I have just bought it.
 O actiune inceputa in trecut ce continua si in prezent cu vorbele: to be, to
see, to hear, to know+for,since
e.g.We have been friends/have known each other for 2 years/since 2005.

*are inteles viitor in propozitiile temporale ce determina propozitii principale cu

verbul la viitor,aratand o actiune viitoare,anterioara regentei.
e.g.I will give you the book after I have read it.

6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM
Aff: S+have/has+been+vb(+ing)
Int: Have/Has+S+been+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+have/has+not+been+vb(+ing)
TIME INDICATORS
 For, since
 Compusii lui “all”
USES
 O actiune inceputa in trecut ce continua si in prezent
e.g.We have been studying English for 10 years.
 O actiune inceputa in trecut,terminata pana in prezent, dar ale carei efecte
persista inca+compusii lui “all”
e.g.Why are your feet aching?
Because I have been wearing tight shoes all day.
 7. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM
Aff: S+had+Past Participle
Int: Had+S+Past Participle
Neg: S+had+not+Past Participle
TIME INDICATORS
 Just, ever, never, always
 For, since
 Hardly, barely,scarcely, no sooner
o Obs:cand se afla la inceputul propozitiilor determina inversiune:
Hardly/Scarcely/Barely+had+S+P.P when+past t. simple
o No sooner+had+S+P.P+than+past t.simple

USES
 O actiune trecuta, anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment trecut si terminat
pana la acel moment.
e.g.By the time mother came home,I had already finished my homework.
 O actiune trecuta, anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment trecut si care
continua si la acel moment trecut si care continua si la acel moment trecut
pentru verbul: to be, to hear, to know,to see
e.g.When mother came home,I had been in my room for two hours.
 Este echivalentul trecut al lui P.Pf.S. sau Past Simple in vorbirea indirecta
cand verbul spunerii este la trecut
e.g. « I have just arrived. »
He said he had just arrived.
e.g.”I arrived yesterday.”
He said he had arrived the day before.

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

FORM
Aff : S+had+been+vb(+ing)
Int: Had+S+been+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+had+not+been+vb(+ing)

TIME INDICATORS
 For, since
Compusii lui “all”
USES
  O actiune trecuta, anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment trecut si care
continua si la acel moment trecut.
e.g.When mother came home I had been writing for two hours.
 O actiune trecuta,anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment trecut si terminata
pana la acel moment, dar ale carei efecte persistau inca
e.g.Why were your feet aching last night?
Because I had been wearing tight shoes all day yesterday.
 Este echivalentul trecut a lui Present Perfect Continous sau a lui Past Tense
Continous in vorbirea indirecta cand verbul spunerii este la trecut.
e.g.”I have been writing for two hours.”
He said he had been writing for two hours.
e.g.”I was sleeping at this time yesterday”
He said he had been sleeping at that time the day before.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE/PAST PERFECT SIMPLE-accent pe efecte ,de

regula cantitative

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS-

Accent pe durata

e.g.I have written four letters so far.

When she arrived I had written four letters.

e.g.I have been writing for two hours.

When she arrived I had been writing for two days.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE/PAST TENSE SIMPLE-

Creeaza cadrul general al actiunii/da detalii
Actiune al carui moment trecut este vag precizat/actiune al carei moment este bine
precizat

Have you ever eaten caviar?

When did you eat?
Did you like it?
 FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE
FORM
Aff: S+shall/will+vb(I)
Int: Shall/Will+S +vb(I)
Neg: S+shall/will+not+vb(I)
TIME INDICATORS
 Tomorow
 Next week, next month…soon
USES
 O actiune viitoare obisnuita
e.g.He will phone his girlfriend every night next week.
 O previziune
e.g.You will marry a wealthy man.
e.g.The weather will be warm and sunny tomorrow.
 Decizie de moment,o actiune spontana
e.g.I’ll have a pizza and a coke!
e.g.I’ll buy it!
 In propozitii determinate de conditionale si temporale cu verbe la prezent
e.g.I’ll phone you when the time is right.
e.g.I’ll phone you if I need anything.
 Dupa verbele :be sure, be afraid, to know, to think, to expect, to hope
e.g.I am sure he will be late tonight.

FUTURE TENSE CONTINUOUS

FORM
Aff: S+shall/will+be+vb(+ing)
Int: Shall/Will+S+be+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+shall/will+not+be+vb(+ing)
TIME INDICATORS
 At this time(cateodata) +indicatorii de la Future Tense Simple
USES
 O actiune in desfasurare la un anumit moment viitor, intre doua momente
viitoare sau intr-o perioada de timp viitor
e.g.They will be playing volleyball at this time tomorrow.
e.g.He will be doing his homework from 4 to 6 p.m. tomorrow.
e.g.You will be revising for the testpaper next weekend.
 Mod politicos de a intreba legat de intentiile interlocutorului
e.g.Will you be using the car tomorrow evening ?
  In propozitii determinate de temporale cu verbul la prezentul simplu/
continuu.
e.g.I will be dancing while you are out.
e.g.I will be dancing while you are singing.

9. FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM
Aff: S+shall/will+have+Past Participle
Int: Shall/Will+S+have+Past Participle
Neg: S+shall/will+not+have+Past Participle
TIME INDICATORS
“by”+indicatorii de la Future Tense Simple
For, since, just,already
USES
 O actiune viitoare,anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment viitor si terminata
pana la acel moment
e.g.By the time mother comes home,I will have finished my homework.
 O actiune viitoare,anterioara altei actiuni sau altui moment viitor si care
continua si la acel moment(pentru verbele :to be,to hear,to know)
e.g.By the time mother comes home,Iwill have been in my room for 2 hours.
10. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS
FORM
Aff: S+shall/will+have+been+vb(+ing)
Int: Shall/Will+S+have+been+vb(+ing)
Neg: S+shall/will+not+have+been+vb(+ing)
TIME INDICATORS
“by” +indicatorii de la future t.simple
for, since
USES
 O actiune viitoare, anterioara unei actiuni sau unui moment viitor si care
continua si la acel moment
e.g.By the time mother comes home,I will have been writing for two hours.

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE-accent pe efecte

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS-accent pe durata

e.G.By December 1st,we will have been revising grammar for almost 3
months/we will have revised a lot of grammar issues.
 ALTE MODURI DE EXPRIMARE A VIITORULUI

1.PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE

a)pentru planuri oficiale

b)in temporale si conditionale cu inteles viitor

2.PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS

a)pentru planuri personale

b)in temporale cu inteles viitor introduse de while/as

3.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

in temporale cu inteles viitor ce exprima o actiune viitoare anterioara regentei

4.TO BE GOING TO=A AVEA DE GAND SA/A INTENTIONA SA

a)exprima realizarea viitoare a unei intentii prezente

e.g.He is going to apply for the job next week.

b)exprima realizarea a unei cauze prezente (accidente fericite/nefericite)

e.g.Look at the clouds!It’s going to rain.

Look out!It’s going to fall!
She’s going to have a baby in December.

c)In engleza vorbita ,tinde sa ia locul lui Future simple,dar in engleza standard
exista o deosebire intre acestea si anume:
Future simple-exprima o actiune viitoare spontana
To Be going to-exprima o actiune viitoare planificata

e.g.There is no butter in the house!

 I’ll go and buy some!

Why are you carrying your guitar?

Because I am going to play it at your birthday.

TO BE GOING TO/PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS

*deciziile exprimate cu GOING TO se refera la un punct mai indepartat din viitor

*PRESENT CONTINUOUS descrie aranjamente fixe,in special aranjamente

sociale si de calatorie.Se include ,de obicei si referinta temporala.

e.g.We are going to France next week.

5.TO BE TO=A URMA SA

*folosit pentru viitor apropiat;pentru aranjamente oficiale

e.g.All pupils are to be at school tomorrow.

e.g.We are to visit the museum tomorrow

TO BE ABOUT TO=TO BE ON THE POINT OF=A FI PE PUNCTUL SA

TO BE ON THE VERGE OF=

6.TO BE DUE TO

*folosit pentru viitor official

e.g.The plane is due to take off at 7:30.