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Reviews of Related Studies and Literatures Related Theories
Reviews of Related Studies and Literatures Related Theories
Reviews of Related Studies and Literatures Related Theories
Related Theories
These theories were presented and integrated by the researches because they deemed that
Lent et al. (1994) developed SCCT to facilitate understanding of career choice, interest,
and performance processes. This theory identifies the factors that interplay when a student
chooses a certain track and progresses on the chosen career path. Moreover, it provides a
framework on using social cognitive processes to explain success and failure, academic
2013 Google Scholar search, only two percent of articles published on SCT are in the pure
psychology field. About 20% of articles are from Education and 16%from Business. The
majority of publications using SCT, 56%, come from the field of Applied Health Psychology.
The majority of current research in Health Psychology focuses on testing SCT in behavioral
Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. One way to discover your closest Myers-Briggs type(s) is to
complete the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator instrument and go through a validation process under
researchers link this theory on their study because along with the duration of the study, they
would like to figure out if they decided on their own or there are other intervening factors that
One of the questions in the instrument used by the researcher has to do with this theory
which is, “Why did you choose Accountancy, Business and Management Strand when you were
Happenstance Theory
John Krumboltz's planned happenstance theory makes it fine to not always plan, because
John Krumboltz is an established career theorist. He most recently developed ideas about
supporting indecision in clients. He states that indecision is desirable and sensible, as it allows
the opportunity for clients to benefit from unplanned events. This theory is called planned
happenstance.
This emerging theory specifically addresses the need for people to deal with change
within the rapidly changing labour market. Managing life transitions is seen as an essential
career management skill. Krumboltz’s theory offers insight on how to deal with the limited
At the core of this theory is the fact that unpredictable social factors, chance events and
environmental factors are important influences on clients’ lives. As such, the counsellor’s role is
to help clients approach chance conditions and events positively. In particular, counsellors foster
in their clients, Curiosity to explore learning opportunities, Persistence to deal with obstacles,
Flexibility to address a variety of circumstances and events, Optimism to maximize benefits from
unplanned events.
Krumboltz states that people with these qualities are more likely to capitalize on chance
data from the program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies’ Survey of Adult
Skills (PIAAC), this paper shows that although students may choose to specialize in a particular
field, it is not solely up to them to actually work in that field. In accordance with assignment
theories, both the degree of saturation of a particular field in the labor market and the level of
generic skills of a particular field predict the occurrence of field-of-study mismatch, highlighting
that mismatch is the result of both labor supply- and demand-side factors. The paper then
evaluates the costs to individuals – in terms of wages, risk of being out of work and job
satisfaction. Findings suggest that the costs of field-of-study mismatch may only be high in terms
study mismatch, when associated with qualifications mismatch, can amount to important costs,
meriting the attention of policy makers to better aligning course places to skill needs or by
Base on this theory, the individual has the capability on changing their decisions. The
researchers link this theory on their study because along with the duration of the study, they
would like to figure what are the reasons or factors why did they changed their decision.
One of the questions in the instrument used by the researcher has to do with this theory
which is, “ Cite reasons why you enrolled on courses that is not in line with ABM Strand.”
Theoretical Framework
MYERS
HAPPENSTANCE
BRIGGS’
THEORY
THEORY
SOCIAL
COGNITIVE
THEORY
Figure 1.1
The three theories above are connected to each other as shown above. Myer’s Brigg Theory is
connected to Happenstance Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Happenstance Theory is
connected to Myer’s Brigg Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. Social Cognitive Theory is
connected to Myer’s Brigg Theory and Happenstance Theory