FEM analysis with bar

elements - examples

Finite elements
FIMCM - Naval Engineering program
II 2020
Example: hanging bar with distributed
weight

Discretization with one element:

 f̂ 1x  W / 2  EA  1  1 0 
    
 W / 2  L  1 1 d̂ 2 x 

First subsystem (equations with unknown displacements):

d̂ 2 x  WL /( 2 EA )

Second subsystem (equations with unknown external forces):

f̂ 1x  W / 2 
EA
 WL /( 2 EA )  f̂ 1x  W  x̂  x
û( x̂ ) 1  d̂ 1x  d̂ 2 x 
W
x
L  L L 2 EA
Does it make sense?
2
… Example: hanging bar with
distributed weight
Analytic solution:

EAu ,xx   w, BC : u( 0 )  0 , y , u ,x ( L )  0

wx 2
EAu ( x )    Wx
2
WL
EAu( L ) 
2

W
û( x̂ ) x
2 EA

3
… Example: hanging bar with
distributed weight

W
Strain, FEM: EA x 
2

Strain, analytic EA x   wx  W

4
Example: two aligned elements with a
concentrated force

 F1x   1 / 20  1 / 20 0  d 1 x 
    
 F2 x  EA 1 / 20 1 / 20  1 / 50  1 / 50  d 2 x 
F    1 / 50 1 / 50  d 3 x 
 3x  0

1 1
30 E 06* 2  d 2 x 6000
 20 50 
d 2 x 1.4286 E  3 p lg

0 
 F1x   1 / 20  1 / 20 0    4286 
  EA  d 2 x  
 F3 x   0  1 / 50 1 / 50      1714 
0 

5
Example: … two aligned elements with
a concentrated force
For each element: û( x )( 1  x / L )d̂ 1x ( x / L )d̂ 2 x

Element 1 : d 1x  0 , d 2 x 1.4286 E  3 p lg, L  20"

Element 2 : d 1x 1.4286 E  3 p lg, d 2 x  0 , L  50"

d 2 x  d 1x 1.4286 E  3  0
Element 1 :  x  
L 20
d 2 x  d 1x 0  1.4286 E  3
Element 2 :  x  
L 50

6
Example: Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

Derrick composed by a 8 inches standard steel pipe mast (A: 8.399 in2), and cables are assumed as 8 mm in
diameter. Take E=2.068E11 N/m2.

y Element Joint 1 Joint 2 q l, m A , m2 EA/l , N/m

x 1 1 2 45 1.29 0.000050 8035557

2 2 3 1.83 0.005421 612842007
3 3 4 63.435 1.02 0.005421 1096285109
y 4 2 4 1.02 0.000050 10164265

7
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

 x̂   x̂ 
y û( x̂ )( e )  1  d̂1x  d̂ 2 x
 L L
x

y
3  ( e ) dû d̂ 2 x  d̂1x
 x  
x  dx̂ l
Element ( e ) : 
 ( e )  E d̂ 2 x  d̂1x
 x l

8
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

 C 2 CS  C 2  CS 
y  

( e ) EA CS S  CS  S 
2 2
x k    2 
l  C  CS C 2 CS 
y  2 2

 CS  S CS S 
x

9
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

[T] 0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 [k] 4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06
4 45 -0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 EA/L 4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06
0.785398 0.000 0.000 0.707 Bar 10.707 8035557 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 4.02E+06 4.02E+06
0.000 0.000 -0.707 0.707 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 4.02E+06 4.02E+06

y
[T] 0.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.30E-24 -3.75E-08 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08
x -90 1.000 0.000 0.000 Bar 20.000 EA/L -3.75E-08 6.13E+08 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08
-1.5708 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.000 6.13E+08 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 2.30E-24 -3.75E-08
0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 -3.75E-08 6.13E+08
y
[T] 0.447 0.894 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.19E+08 4.39E+08 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08
x 63.435 -0.894 0.447 0.000
Bar 3
0.000 EA/L 4.39E+08 8.77E+08 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08
1.10715 0.000 0.000 0.447 0.894 1.1E+09 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 2.19E+08 4.39E+08
0.000 0.000 -0.894 0.447 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 4.39E+08 8.77E+08

[T] 0.447 -0.894 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.03E+06 -4.07E+06 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06
-63.435 0.894 0.447 0.000 Bar 40.000 EA/L -4.07E+06 8.13E+06 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06
-1.10715 0.000 0.000 0.447 -0.894 1.0E+07 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 2.03E+06 -4.07E+06
0.000 0.000 0.894 0.447 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 -4.07E+06 8.13E+06

10
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

[T] 0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 [k] 4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06
45 -0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 EA/L 4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06
5
0.785398 0.000 0.000 0.707 0.707 8035557 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 4.02E+06 4.02E+06
0.000 0.000 -0.707 0.707 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 4.02E+06 4.02E+06
Global stiffness matrix
d1x
d1x d1y
d1y d2x d2y d3x d3y d4x d4y
[T] 0.000 -1.000 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.30E-24 -3.75E-08 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08
4.02E+06
0.00E+00 4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 F1x
-90 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 EA/L -3.75E-08 6.13E+08 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08
4.02E+06
0.00E+00 4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 F1y
-1.5708 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.000 6.13E+08 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 2.30E-24 -3.75E-08
-4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 6.05E+06
0.00E+00 -4.79E+04
0.00E+00 -2.30E-24
0.00E+00 3.75E-08
0.00E+00 -2.03E+06
0.00E+00 4.07E+06
0.00E+00 F2x
0.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 -3.75E-08 6.13E+08
-4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.02E+06
0.00E+00 -4.79E+04
0.00E+00 6.25E+08
0.00E+00 3.75E-08
0.00E+00 -6.13E+08
0.00E+00 4.07E+06
0.00E+00 -8.13E+06
0.00E+00 F2y
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -2.30E-24
0.00E+00 3.75E-08
0.00E+00 2.19E+08
0.00E+00 4.39E+08
0.00E+00 -2.19E+08
0.00E+00 -4.39E+08
0.00E+00 F3x
[T] 0.447 0.894 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.19E+08 4.39E+08 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 3.75E-08
0.00E+00 -6.13E+08
0.00E+00 4.39E+08
0.00E+00 1.49E+09
0.00E+00 -4.39E+08
0.00E+00 -8.77E+08
0.00E+00 F3y
63.435 -0.894 0.447 0.000 0.000 EA/L 4.39E+08 8.77E+08 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -2.03E+06
0.00E+00 4.07E+06
0.00E+00 -2.19E+08
0.00E+00 -4.39E+08
0.00E+00 2.21E+08
0.00E+00 4.34E+08
0.00E+00 F4x
1.10715 0.000 0.000 0.447 0.894 1.1E+09 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 2.19E+08 4.39E+08
0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 4.07E+06
0.00E+00 -8.13E+06
0.00E+00 -4.39E+08
0.00E+00 -8.77E+08
0.00E+00 4.34E+08
0.00E+00 8.85E+08
0.00E+00 F4y
0.000 0.000 -0.894 0.447 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 4.39E+08 8.77E+08

[T] 0.447 -0.894 0.000 0.000 [k] 2.03E+06 -4.07E+06 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06
-63.435 0.894 0.447 0.000 0.000 EA/L -4.07E+06 8.13E+06 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06
-1.10715 0.000 0.000 0.447 -0.894 1.0E+07 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 2.03E+06 -4.07E+06
0.000 0.000 0.894 0.447 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 -4.07E+06 8.13E+06

11
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

Solve first (for displacements) and second subsystems (for forces).

6 BigValue 1.0E+25 Spec.values Forces {Fij} Solution {dij}
1.00E+25 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0.00E+00 0.000000
4.02E+06 1.00E+25 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0 0.00E+00 0.000000
-4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 6.05E+06 -4.79E+04 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 0.00E+00 0.001413
-4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.79E+04 6.25E+08 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 0.00E+00 0.000027
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 1.00E+25 4.39E+08 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 0 0.00E+00 0.000000
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 4.39E+08 1.00E+25 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 0 0.00E+00 0.000000
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 2.21E+08 4.34E+08 0.00E+00 0.002091
0.001058
y 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 4.34E+08 8.85E+08 -2.23E+04

4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.57E-22 -5.57E+03

x 4.02E+06 4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.57E-22 -5.57E+03
-4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 6.05E+06 -4.79E+04 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 1.41E-03 -9.09E-13
-4.02E+06 -4.02E+06 -4.79E+04 6.25E+08 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 -2.73E-05 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.30E-24 3.75E-08 2.19E+08 4.39E+08 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 -5.57E-22 5.57E+03
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.75E-08 -6.13E+08 4.39E+08 1.49E+09 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 -2.78E-21 2.78E+04
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.03E+06 4.07E+06 -2.19E+08 -4.39E+08 2.21E+08 4.34E+08 2.09E-03 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.07E+06 -8.13E+06 -4.39E+08 -8.77E+08 4.34E+08 8.85E+08 -1.06E-03 -2.23E+04

Joint displacements and forces in the Global reference system.

12
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

7 d̂1x 
   C S 0 0  d 1 x 
d 
d̂1 y   S 
C 0 0  1y 
y    
d̂ 2 x   0 0 C S  d 2 x 
  0 
x
 0  S C  d 2 y 
d̂ 2 y 
y
 ( e ) dû d̂ 2 x  d̂1x
x  x  
 dx̂ l
 ( e ) d̂ 2 x  d̂1x
 x  E
 l
 P( e )   ( e ) A( e )
 x
13 
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

7 {di}global
0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 0
-0.707 0.707 0.000 0.000 0
y 0.000 0.000 0.707 0.707 0.00141
x 0.000 0.000 -0.707 0.707 -0.00003

{di}local
y
0 x 0.000757616
0 x 1.57E+08
x
0.000979967 P 7.87E+03
-0.00101851

14
Example: … Truss structure in the plane
(Popov 3-11)

P(2) = -1670
y
x
P(1) = 787
y P(4) = 1250

15