uõni

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
^2020 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

5
mia jk fY%a‚h

uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk úoHq;a ;emE, ( info @ nie.lk

uqøKh yd fnodyeÍu - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

uõni
mia jk fY%a‚h
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh - 2019

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN 978-955-25-0524-9

uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info @ nie.lk

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

kqf.af.dv" kdj, mdr" ks¾udK udj;" wxl 227$30 ork ia:dkfhys msysá
ke‚, mí,sflaIka ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

ii
 





            
   
          


           
        
        
            
          


          
          
  
           


         
 
  








iii
 wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a m‚jqvh
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a
lr .ekSu iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s
wka;¾.;h mokï jQ úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ndckh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska
iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § cd;sl wOHdmk
wdh;kh úiska Y%S ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È¡
m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| j úúO md¾YAjhka
bÈßm;a l< fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk ,o úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï
l%shdj,shl m%;sM,hla f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd
§u 2015 jif¾ isg wdrïN lr we;¡
fuu ;d¾lSlrK l%shdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg
Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv keÕSu i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria
ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;s w;r úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a
ùu yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy l%shd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re
úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh o Ndú; lr we;¡
.=re Nj;=kg
a mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%h s dj,sfhys id¾:l j ksr; ùu"
mka;s ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk ud¾f.damfoaY
,nd§fï wruq‚ka kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd § we;¡ mka;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS
.=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY WmldÍ jkq we;¡ isik q f
a .a ksmK
q ;d
j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd l%h s dldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH
ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí¡ tfuka u ks¾foaY; s mdG .%k:a j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq
ms<n
s | j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkdfõ¡ tu ksid fuu .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;j = úiska ilid we;s
wod< mdG .%k:a iu. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ¡
;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j,
uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka ñ§ YsIH flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla
yd jvd;a l%shdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH
jkakd jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh
lsÍuhs¡
kj úIh ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk
wdh;kfha Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha § odhl;ajh ,nd
ÿka ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhska yd fjk;a md¾YAjhkaf.a o buy;a lemùu we.hSug o fuh
wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ¡

wdpd¾h à'ta'wd¾'fÊ' .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u

iv
 fmrjok

2015 j¾Ifha § wdrïN jQ kj úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh wkqj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY uqøKh

iy fnodyeÍu wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=jg mejÍ we;s ld¾hNdrhls' ta wkqj
2015 j¾Ifha isg 2019 j¾Ih i`oyd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY uqøKh iy fnodyeÍu jd¾Islj isÿ
flßKs' thg iu.dó j 2020 j¾Ih i`oyd kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, f,i ilia lr
we;s fuu 5 fY%aKsfha .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh fufia Tn w;g m;afõ'

±kqu .fõIK l%shdj,sfhys ,d YsIHhdg u`. fmkajkafka .=rejrhd h' tfukau

úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd isiqka le`ojdf.k hk kshuqjd jkafka o
.=rejrhd h' tlS l¾;jHh Wfoid Tng w;aje,la iïmdokh lsÍu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY
ix.%yhl ld¾hNdrh fjhs' fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhka Tn ,nd .kakd mßph
weiqfrka" ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkfha kshe,S isák YsIH m%cdj fj; bf.kqï b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh jvd t,odhS f,i iqidOHlrKfha j.lSu mejÍ we;af;a Tng h' tu j.lSug
ixfõ§ jk Tn" ,dxflah iudcfha muKla fkdj iuia; úYajfha u hymeje;au Wfoid
w.kd iïm;la jkq fkdwkqudk h'

Tn lemù isákafka ±kqu" wdl,am" l=i,;d iy ksmqK;d fuka u m%n, iudc yelshd
iy wka;¾ mqoa., yelshdjkaf.ka mßmQ¾K ñksiqka msßila iudchg odhdo lsÍfï NdrOqr
yd úYsIag fufyjr Wfoid h' j¾;udk f,dalfha wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK Èh yels
msßila" Tnf.a odhl;ajfhka wm rfgys ks¾udKh fj;ehs hkak udf.a wfmalaIdjhs'
tlS wfmalaIdj u,aM, .ekaùug Tn i;= YlH;dj fuu.ska jvd;a Woa§mkh fj;ehs uu
;rfha úYajdi lrñ'

ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
2019'04'10

v
 ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjqvh

bf.kqu mq`M,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir,
njg o m;a lrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh
flakaø fldg .;a rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd .;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug
o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr .kq ,nkafka
bf.kqu hs'

bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd
ks¾udKh úh hq;= h' úIhud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï
lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr

.ksñka iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka
;=<ska jir wglg jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re
w;afmd;a ks¾udKh fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd .; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re
w;afmd;ays bf.kqï l%ufõo" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ'
úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu i|yd wka;¾.;h ;=<ska
bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkia lr .ekSug
iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s nj i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by<
uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd
ks¾udKh jk .=re w;afmd; YslaIlhd yg o" fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm<
fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re w;afmd; ;j;a fm<fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka
fm< fmd; yd .=r w;afmd; hk iïm;a øjH folu Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿ lrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrhl=

jqj o wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIhh b.ekaùug u`. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska
mdvu wjidkfhys mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu`. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;a úh hq;= h' tu
tald;añlùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk`.d .ekSug .=re w;afmd; myqrla"
hd;%djla lr.kq we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

wdpd¾h" mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

kssfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vi
 ye¢kaùu
2020 jif¾ § mia jk fY%a‚h i|yd y÷kajd fok fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh" 2008
j¾Ifha y÷kajd ÿka .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh jir wgla mdi,aj, l%shd;aul lsÍfï §
,o w;aoelSï ie,ls,a,g f.k ixialrKh lrk ,oaols' tfiau cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
u.ska l%shd;aul lrk ,o úIhud,d miqúmrï jevigyk u.ska ,nd.;a f;dr;=re o"
úúO wdh;k u.ska m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ms<sn| j mj;ajk ,o m¾fhaIKj,ska ,nd.;a
f;dr;=re iy .=reNj;=ka yd .=re WmfoaYl Nj;=ka úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re o
fuu ixialrKh i|yd m%fhdackhg .kakd ,È'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh hkq .=reNj;=ka yg ;u mka;sj, bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh
ixúOdkh lr .ekSug u. fmkajkq ,nk Wmfoia ix.%yhls' tu uÕ fmkaùïj,g
wkqj ;ukaf.a bf.kqï b.ekaùï lghq;= ilia lr .ekSu .=reNj;=kaf.a j.lSu fjhs'
m%d:ñl fY%aKsj, isák isiqka Tjqkaf.a mQ¾K ixj¾Okfha b;du;a ;SrKd;aul wjêhl
miqjkakka h' isiqkaf.a ks¾udKd;aul Ñka;kh" iudc l=i,;d iy fm!reI ,laIK
f.dv kefÕkafka;a" yev.efikafkaa;a fï wjêfha § h' tu ksid isiqka i|yd bf.kqï
w;aoelSï ixúOdkh lsÍfï § fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha we;s f;dr;=re fuka u by;
i|yka l< <ud ixj¾Okh yd iïnkaO lreKq o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= h'
isiqkaf.a bf.kSu isÿ jkafka Tjqkaf.a wdikak mßirh ;=<ska ,nk w;a±lSï
id¾:lj fhdod f.k ta iu. wka;¾l%shd lsÍfuks' tu ksid isiqka i|yd bf.kqï-
b.ekaùï lghq;= ixúOdkh lsÍfï § isiqkaf.a wdikak mßirh w¾:dkaú; f,i Ndú;
l< hq;= h' fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha we;s bf.kqï l%shdldrlï ixúOdkh lsÍfï §
ie,iqï.; fi,a,ï" úfkdaockl jev iy l%Svdj,g fuka u .fõIK" ksÍCIK yd
úYaf,aIKd;aul l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍug jeä bvla ,nd§ug l%shd l< hq;= h' isiqkag
;u <ud ld,fha § m%S;sh N=la;s ú£ug yd id¾:l;ajh w;aoelSug by; l%shdldrlï fuka
u Ñka;k l=i,;d ixj¾Okhg wod< wjia:djka ;sîu Tjqkaf.a mQ¾K ixj¾Okh i|yd
w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ' tfuka u Tjqkaf.a wkd.; Ôú;hg wod< ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh
lsÍfï moku o fuys § we;s l< hq;=h' ta i|yd mka;s ldurh ;=< fuka u bka msg; o
yels;dla bf.kqï wjia:d iïmdokh lsÍu jeo.;a h' ;udf.a mka;sfha bf.k .kakd
isiqka bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh iu. fld;rï fyd¢ka iïnkaO jkafka o hkak
ms<sn|j ksrka;rfhka ie,ls,su;a j isg wjYH ms<shï fhdoñka lghq;= lsÍu .=re uy;au
uy;aókaf.a wjOdkhg ,laúh hq;= lreKls' fuys wjidk mshjr jk ;lafiare lsÍu
hkqfjka woyia lrkafka fuu l%shdj,sh ;=< id¾:lj m%;sM,h uekúka uek ne,Su yd
iEu isiqfjl=f.a u bf.kSu jeäÈhqKq lsÍug lghq;= lsÍuhs' tkï" isiq-isiqúhkaf.a
m%.;sfha iajrEmh ms<sn| j ;SrK .ekSu;a" th ksjerÈ j jd¾;d lsÍu iy Bg WÑ; mßÈ
tlS jd¾;dj wkqj l%shd;aul ùu;a h'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ilia lsÍu i|yd .=rejreka" .=re WmfoaYljreka"
úÿy,am;sjreka" .=re úoHd," wOHdmk úoHdmSG" úYajúoHd, lÓldpd¾hjreka yd wOHdmk
ks,OdÍka úYd, msßilf.a o iydh ,nd.kakd ,È' ta ish¨ fokdu oelajQ odhl;ajh
fjkqfjka wmf.a lD;{;dj m<lruq' tfiau ksrka;rfhka wmg wjYH u.fmkaùï
,ndfok wm wdh;kfha ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,a" wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k
ysñmdKka jykafia iy wOHlaI ckrd,a" wdpd¾h à' ta' wd¾' fÊ' .=Kfialr uy;añh o
lD;{;d mQ¾jl j isysm;a lruq' fuu lD;sh ilia lsÍu fjkqfjka wemlem ù l%shd l<
wm fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ish¨u ks,OdÍ uy;au uy;aókaf.a yd wkOHhk ld¾h uKav,fha
fiajh o b;d w.h fldg i,lñ'
wd¾' tï' fla' o is,ajd
wOHCI ^jev wdjrK&
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'

vii
 cd;sl wruqKq
i. udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha
ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh"
cd;sl iu`.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dvke`.Su
iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

ii. fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s
odhdo y÷kd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu

iii. udkj whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn| oekqj;a ùu"
yDohdx.u ne£ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx.
m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;dka;%sl
Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh
ùu

iv. mqoa.,hska f.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hj,g .re lsÍu u;
mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu

v. iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i|yd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh"

úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¿ fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK
ixj¾Okh lsÍu

vi. mqoa.,hd f.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól
ixj¾Okh i|yd odhl jk M,odhS ld¾h i|yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj iïm;a
ixj¾Okh lsÍu

vii. YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev .eiSug yd
tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iQodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs;
wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu

viii. cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh"
iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh
lsÍu

viii
 uQ,sl ksmqK;d
wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl
wruqKq uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'
i. ikaksfõok ksmqK;d
idCIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dCIK m%ùK;ajh
hk wkqldKav y;rla u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'
idCIr;dj ( idjOdk j weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l;d lsÍu"
f;areï .ekSu i|yd lshùu" ksje/È j iy ksrjq,a
j ,sùu" M,odhS whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu
ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu ( NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh
iy ñkqï i|yd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h
rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu
iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r"
Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu
f;dr;=re ;dCIK m%ùK;ajh ( mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o" fiajd mßY%hka
;=<§ o" fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o" f;dr;=re iy
ikaksfõok ;dCIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu
ii. fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d
²² ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨
ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;=
lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r in|;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d
²² Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks
w.hhka
²² Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh
iii. mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d
fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirj,g wod< fõ'
iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreu ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka
ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh
ms<sn| ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd
ffk;sl iïm%odhhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne£ï
ffcj mßirh ( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .iaje,a" jkdka;r"
uqyqÿ" c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh" Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg
iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d
fN!;sl mßirh ( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg
tajdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LHh" iqj
myiqj" kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u<my lsÍï
hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj

ix
 bf.kSu jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu i|yd fuj,ï iy ;dCIKh
m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'
iv. jev f,dalhg iQodkï ùfï ksmqK;d
²² wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu
²² ;u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y÷kd .ekSu
²² yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr
Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug
wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d

v. wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uj,g wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+,
yeisÍï rgdj,g wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;=
lsÍu i|yd wod< w.h Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh

vi. l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a
ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka
udkqIsl w;aoelSï

vii. zbf.kSug bf.kquZ ms<sn| ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k
l%shdj,shla yryd fjkia ùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j
m%;spdr oelaùu;a" iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a" i|yd mqoa.,hska yg Yla;sh ,nd §u

x
 úIhud,d lñgqj
WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkqu;sh ( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
wOHCIKh ( wd¾' tï' fla' o is,ajd ñh
wOHCI
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

úIh iïnkaëlrKh ( fÊ'ta' ks¾u,d ouhka;s chisxy fukúh

^fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h&
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

f,aLl uKav,h ( fÊ' ta' ks¾u,d ouhka;s chisxy fukúh

^fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h&
uq,a <udúh ixj¾Ok yd
m%d:ñl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'
úfYaI iïm;a odhl;ajh ( uydpd¾h" fÊ'î' Èidkdhl
uydpd¾h" i|f.dañ fldamrfyajd
lÓldpd¾h" ví,sõ' lreKdr;ak uhd
lÓldpd¾h" tÉ'mS' iqis,a isßfiak uhd
lÓldpd¾h" mQcH" ouk iq.;Oïu ysñ
wd¾'tÉ' §msld fmf¾rd ñh ^.=re fiajh&
iS'ã'mS' /áh, ñh ^.=re fiajh - úY%dñl&
fla'ã'whs' k§rd ñh ^.=re fiajh&

Ñ;% ( iuka l¿fndaú, uhd

;s,la fyÜáwdrÉÑ uhd
Ô' wxc,S ufyakaød .=Kj¾Ok ñh
hQ'Ô' o¾YkS È,arelaIsld wfífiak ñh

NdId ixialrKh ( Y%Skd;a .fKaj;a; uhd

mß.Kl jpk fhÿu ( ks,añ‚ ngj, ñh

l<ukdlrK iyldr

úúO iydh ( ví,sõ' tÉ' áhqv¾ is,ajd uy;d

l<ukdlrK iyldr
tia' mS' ta' ir;a l=udr uy;d
ld¾hd, wdOdrl

xi
 .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,khg Wmfoia

m%d:ñl wOHdmk úIhud,dfõ kj úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh hgf;a mia jk fY%a‚h

uõni ^isxy,& úIhud,dj 2020 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fjhs' ta wkqj mia jk fY%a‚fha
uõni ^isxy,& úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+, j iïmdÈ; fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh .=rejreka
w;g m;a lrkq ,nkafka buy;a f.!rjfhks'

m%d:ñl wOHdmk wjêfha isiqka i|yd 1998 j¾Ifha m%d:ñl wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj,
§ y÷kajd ÿka ie,iqï.; fi,a,ï" l%shdldrlï iy wiqka.; jev hk l%ufõo ;%s;ajfhka
;=ka jk m%Odk wjêhg wh;a jk mia jk fY%a‚h i|yd l%shdldrlï iy wiqka.; jev
i|yd jvd jeä wjOdkhla ,efnk mßÈ bf.kqï l%shdj,shla ilia lr we;'

m<uq jk jdrh i|yd m<uq jk ksmK q ;djfha isg mia jk ksmK q ;dj olajd o" fojk
jdrh i|yd yh jk ksmK q ;djfha isg oy jk ksmK q ;djfha uq,a l%h
s dldrlï lsym
s hla o" ;=ka
jk jdrh i|yd oyjk ksmK q ;djfha iuia; l%h s dldrlï o wdjrKh jk mßÈ l%h s dldrlï
ilia lr we;' tkuqÿ fulS fn§u ksYÑ a ; fyda ia:djr fyda jQjla fkd fõ' mka;s ldurfha
isák isikq f
a .a olaI;d" yelshd" nqoê
a uÜgï wkqj l%hs dldrlï isÿ lsÍug .; jk ld,h flá
ùu fyda §¾> ùug isÿ úh yels h' ta wkqj jdrj,g § we;s ksmK q ;d wxl fjkia ùu isÿ ùug
bv ;sfí' flfia jqj o ksmK q ;dj, wkqlu % h fkdì| l%h s dldrlï isÿ lsÍu w;HjYH jQjls'

ieu ksmqK;djla i|yd u bf.kqï m, bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r bÈßm;a lr we;s

l%shdldrlï ukdj isÿ lsÍfuka isiqka wfmalaIs; bf.kqï m, lrd <Õd lrúh yels h'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha § we;s ish¨ u l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdjk w;r mka;s
ldurfha isák isiqkaf.a olaI;d" yelshd" nqoaê uÜgïj,g idfmalaI j l%shdldrlïys wod<
mshjr lsysmhla fyda f;dard .ksñka wod< bf.kqï m, lrd <Õd lrùug .=rejrhdg
ksoyi we;' fuys § iuia; .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha u l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lr we;s
wdldrh ms<sn| .=rejrhdg ukd oekqula ;sìh hq;= h' ta i|yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh lsysm
jrla fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr úIhhg wod< mß{dkh ,nd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ'

ieu l%shdldrlulg u wod< bf.kqï iïm;a ilid .ekSu w;HjYH jQjls' wod<
bf.kqï iïm;aj,ska f;drj id¾:l f,i l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug fkdyels jkq we;' ta
wkqj .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr" fmr iQodkulska hq;= j" ukd lemùulska
isÿ lrk b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh jvd id¾:l jkq we;'

tla tla l%shdldrlula w;r;=r iy l%shdldrlula wjidkfha § isiq ;lafiarej isÿ

jk wdldrhg fuu uõni ^isxy,& úIhud,dfõ l%shdldrlï ixúOdkh lr we;'

mia jk fY%‚
a h isikq a i|yd uõni lshùu fmd;la ilia lr we;' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha
§ we;s wod< ksmKq ;dj,g isik q a <Õd lrùu i|yd lshùï fmdf;a mdvï Rcq j u wod<
lr.; hq;= h' ta wkqj isik
q a wod< bf.kqï m, lrd fldf;la ÿrg <Õd ù we;a oehs ;lafiare
lsÍu i|yd lshùï fmdf;a wNHdi wdOdr lr .ekSu jeo.;a h'

xii
 uõni ^isxy,& .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha wjidkfha we;s ;lafiare lsÍu" jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd
we;=<;a lr we;s zuõni ;lafiare lsÍu - f;dr;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï m;%l
s djZ ksjerÈ j iy ukd
wjfndaOhlska hq;= j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH h'

m<uqjk fY%‚
a fha isg mia jk fY%‚a h olajd uõni .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, we;=<;a
jpkj, ksjerÈ Ndú;h oelaùu i|yd jpk tl;=jla we;=<;a lr we;s w;r jpkj, ksrjoH
Ndú;h i|yd fuu m;%ls dj wdOdrhla f,i ;nd .ekSu jeo.;a h'

uõni ^isxy,& úIhfha ,sÅ; we.hSï i|yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl olajd we;s w;r tlS
we.hSï ks¾Kdhl u; msyg s d lghq;= lsÍu jeo.;a jk w;r .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh wjidkfha
olajd we;s uõni ^isxy,& úIhfha ,sÅ; we.hSï i|yd úIh wka;¾.;fha iSudj,g hg;a j
,sÅ; we.hSï isÿ l< hq;= ùu w;HjYH fõ'

ks¾u,d ouhka;s chisxy

fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h

xiii
xiv
 mgqk

msgqj

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a m‚jqvh ¸¸¸

wOHCI ckrd,a m‚jqvh ¸¹

fmrjok ¹

ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,a m‚jqvh ¹¸

ye¢kaùu ¹¸¸

cd;sl wruqKq ¹¸¸¸

uQ,sl ksmqK;d ¸º- º

úIhud,d lñgqj º¸

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,khg Wmfoia º¸¸ - º¸¸¸

úIh ks¾foaYh y÷kajd §u 1 - 11

j¾Ih ;=< uõni úIhh l%shd;aul úh hq;= wdldrh 12

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 13 - 341

uõni f;dr;=re jd¾;d lsÍfï m;%sldj 343 - 344

m<uq jk fY%a‚fha isg mia jk fY%a‚h f;la uõni

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, we;=<;a jpkj, wCIr úkHdih 345 - 346

,sÅ; we.hSï i|yd ks¾Kdhl 347 - 349

,sÅ; we.hSï i|yd uõni úIhh wka;¾.;fha iSud 351 - 353

xv
xvi
 1' uõni ^isxy,&
úIh ks¾foaYh iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
1' ye¢kaùu
uõni bf.kSu mqoa., Ôú;hg w;HjYH idOlhls' ta wkqj mqoa.,hl=f.a j¾;udk
iy wkd.; Ôú;fhys id¾:l;ajh idOkfhys ,d ud;DNdIdfjys m%d.=KHh w;HjYH fõ'
iuia; ikaksfõokfhys jeo.;a u idOlh jkafka o ud;DNdIdj ukd f,i Ndú; lsÍu
hs'
uõni udOH NdIdjla f,i bf.kSu mdif,a m<uq jk fY%K a f
s ha isg u wdrïN fõ'
uõni ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍug fkdokafka kï wfkl=;a ieu úIhhla flfrys u th
RKd;aul idOlhla f,i n, meje;afõ' ish¨ u úIh ixl,am yeoEÍfï moku jkafka
uõni ms<n
s | j isij
q d ,nk mßph hs' NdId ±kqfuka úhql;
a j wka lsiÿs úIhhla ms<n
s |
j ±kqu ,nd .ekSu W.yg h'
m<uq jk m%Odk wjêfha § uõni úIhfhka isxy, NdIdfõ j¾Kud,dj;a" ms,s
Ndú;h;a we;=¿ fldg ir, jpk" ir, jdlHdxY" ir, jdlH f.dvkeÕSfuys ,d wjYH
jk iuia; moku wjOdrKh lr wjika h' tfuka u ir, nfõ isg ixlS¾K;ajh f;la
l%udkql+, j .uka lrk uõni úIh ksmqK;d idOkfhys ,d wjYH jk wfkl=;a ish¨
u lafIa;%j, moku ,nd § we;'
fojk m%Odk wjêhg wh;a ;=ka jk iy y;r jk fY%aKsj, § uõni úIhfhys
wka;¾.;h o m<uq jk iy fojk fY%aKshg idfmalaI j hïlsis by< uÜgulska ilia
lr we;' ta wkqj fojk m%Odk wjêhg jvd ;=ka jk m%Odk wjêfha fyj;a tu wjêhg
wh;a mia jk fY%a‚fha § o úIh wka;¾.;h wkql%ufhka ixlS¾K jk wdldrhg ie,iqï
lr we;'
mia jk fY%a‚h úIhud,dfõ m<uq jk ksmqK;dj i|yd jk wka;¾.;h fjka lr
we;af;a m<uq jk m%Odk wjêfha § ,nd .;a ms,s iys; wl=re" jpk" jdlH ms<sn| ±kqu
w¨;a lsÍu;a" fmr ,nd .;a ±kqu ;j ÿrg ;yjqre lsÍu;a hk idOlh fmr±ß lrf.k
h' Bg wu;r j m<uq jk m%Odk wjêfha § iy fojk m%Odk wjêfha § y÷kajd ÿka úrdu
,l=Kq ms<sn| j kej; wNHdifha fhdod we;s w;r w¨;ska y÷kajd fok úrdu ,l=Kq
ms<sn| j l%shdldrlï o we;=<;a lr we;' tfuka u cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKqj, iy uQ,sl
ksmqK;dj, m<uq jk ksmqK;dj jk ikaksfõok ksmqK;dj idlaId;a lrùfuys ,d fuka
u wfkl=;a uQ,sl ksmqK;d idOkfhys ,d uõni úIhhg wod< úIh wruqKq my; whqßka
fm< .iajd we;'

) m%shukdm yd reÑl;ajhla iys; úIhhla f,i uõni úIhh flfrys wdl,am

we;s lr ùu
) ksjerÈ wjfndaOhlska hq;= j NdIdj yeisrùu
) wd;au úYajdihlska hq;= j ish u;h iy woyi m%ldY lsÍu
) uQ,sl NdId;aul yrh wjfndaO lr .ekSu
) ks¾udKd;aul Ñka;khlg uÕ újr lr .ekSu
) ;d¾lsl Ñka;kfhka úIh m%ùK;djg iqÿiqlï ,eîu'

1
 ) ld,amksl Ñka;kfhka idys;Huh jgmsgdjla we;s lr .ekSu'
) ffoksl ikaksfõok l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd uõni ksjerÈ j Ndú;
lsÍu'
) wfkl=;a úIh bf.kSu i|yd uõni úIhh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu
) uõni úIhhla f,i ;j ÿrg;a bf.kSu i|yd wjYH moku ilid .ekSu

2' m%d:ñl wOHdmkh i|yd ksmqK;d iy ;=ka jk m%Odk wjêh i|yd ksmqK;d
²² wjfndaOfhka m%;spdr oelaùu i`oyd ijka fohs'
²² ri úkaokh i`oyd ijka fohs'
²² tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu i|yd ijka fohs'
²² jdxud,d ixj¾Okh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² ikaksfõokh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² NdIdj yeisrùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² u;l Yla;sh ixj¾Okh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² bf.kqï ixj¾Okh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² wjfndaOh i|yd;a ks¾udK l=i,;d m%ldY lsÍu i|yd;a wjfndaOfhka ijka
fohs'
²² iïu; NdId jHjydrh i|yd ijka fohs'
²² wjfndaOfhka meyeÈ,s WÉpdrKh iys; j w¾:h meyeÈ,s jk fia l;d lrhs'
²² leue;af;ka yd ri ú¢ñka l;d lrhs'
²² tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² jdxud,d ixj¾Okh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² ikaksfõokh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² NdIdj yeisrùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² l:k l=i,;d ixj¾Okh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² bf.kqï ixj¾Okh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² ks¾udKYS,S j wjiaf:daÑ; j l;d lrhs'
²² iïu; NdId jHjydrh i|yd l;d lrhs'
²² lshùfï hdka;%Kh wkq.ukh lrñka lshjhs'
²² ri úkaokh i|yd lshjhs'
²² tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu i|yd lshjhs'
²² jdxud,d ixj¾Okh i|yd lshjhs'
²² ikaksfõokh i|yd lshjhs'
²² NdIdj yeisrùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd lshjhs'
²² lshùfï l=i,;d ixj¾Okh i|yd lshjhs'
²² bf.kqï ixj¾Okh i|yd lshjhs'
²² ks¾udKYS,S j iy wjiaf:daÑ; j lshjhs'

2
 ²² iïu; NdId jHjydrh yd NdId wNHdi i|yd lshjhs'
²² iïu; ksjerÈ l%uhg ,shhs'
²² leue;af;ka yd ri ú¢ñka ,shhs$w¢hs'
²² tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu i|yd ,shhs'
²² jdxud,d ixj¾Okh i|yd ,shhs'
²² ikaksfõokh i`oyd ,shhs'
²² NdIdj yeisrùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ,shhs'
²² ,sùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ,shhs'
²² bf.kqï ixj¾Okh i|yd ,shhs'
²² ks¾udKYS,S j iy wjiaf:daÑ; j ,shhs'
²² iïu; NdId jHjydr yd NdId wNHdi i|yd ,shhs'

3' bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%fudamdh

mia jk fY%a‚h i|yd bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ie,iqï lsÍfï § m<uq jk
m%Odk wjêhg yd fojk m%Odk wjOêhg jvd idfmalaI j wvq jeä jYfhka ie,iqï
iy.; fi,a,ï iy l%shdldrlï o wiqka.; jev o ixúOdkh lsÍu wfmalaId flfrhs'
fndfyda wiqka.; jev jqj o ks¾udKd;aul Ñka;kh wjÈ flfrk" Woafhda.fhka ksr;
úh yels whqßka ixúOdkh lsÍu isÿ lr we;' úfYaIfhka u ieu úIh lreKla u
Ndú;h uÕska wjfndaOh ,nd.; yels jk whqßka ilia lr we;' Ndú;fhka ,nk
wjfndaOh ia:djr uÜgulska È.=ld,Sk u;lfhys ;ekam;a jk w;r u thska ,nk
wjfndaOh o ;¾ldkql+, h'
úfYaIfhka u flaj, l%h s dldrlï" hq., l%h s dldrlï" l=vd lKavdhï l%h s dldrlï"
úYd, lKavdhï l%h s dldrlï iy iuia; mka;h s u tla lKavdhula f,i f.k lrk
l%h
s dldrlï uõni úIhud,dfõ we;=<;a lr we;' tfy;a uõni úIhfhys lshùug
iy ,sùug iïnkaO l%h s dldrlï flaj, l%h s dldrlï f,i isÿ lsÍu b;d u jeo.;a fõ'
lshùfï iy ,sùfï l%h s dldrlï flaj, l%h s dldrlï f,i isÿ lsÍu uQ,l s NdId;aul
ÿ¾j,;d u`.yeÍug;a" tla tla isij q d flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug;a myiq u`.la jkq we;'
isikq f
a .a lshùfï iy ,sùfï ÿ¾j,;d y÷kd.;a ie‚ka th fmkajd § ÿ¾j,;d wju lsÍu
i|yd .=re iydh fuka u wjYH m%;f s mdaIK l%h s dud¾. o ,nd Èh hq;= h' hï NdId;aul
ÿ¾j,;djla mj;sk isif q jla fõ kï Tyqg th u`. yrjd .ekSug wjYH m%;f s mdaIK ,nd
foñka wLKav ksÍlaIKhg fhduqùu isÿ úh hq;= h'
uõni úIhh i|yd we;s fiiq l%shdldrlï hq., fyda lKavdhï fyda l%shdldrlï
f,i l< yels h'
l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § wjYH ;ekaj, lshùï fmd; fhdod .; hq;= h' tfuka
u .=rejrhd ieu isiqfjl= flfrys u wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= w;r ieu isiqfjl=f.a u
wNHdi fmd;a mÍlaId l< hq;= h' tfia wNHdi fmd;a mÍlaId lrk w;r jerÈ fjf;d;a
tu wjia:dfõ § u isiqjdg meyeÈ,s lr th ksjerÈ l< hq;= h' jerÈ iu`. isiqjd bÈßhg
fkdhd hq;= h' tfyhska ieu isiqfjl=f.a u ÿ¾j,;d wju lsÍug tlS wjia:d y÷kd .;a
fudfydf;a isg u l%shd l< hq;= h'

3
 bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%h
s dj,sh i|yd ,nd § we;s idys;Huh fldgia .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha
i|yka mßÈ u lsÍu jvd jeo.;a fõ' ,nd § we;s l%h s dldrlï id¾:l j bgq lsÍfuka
isik
q a ;=< wd;au úYajdih we;s jk w;r ;j ÿrg;a l%h s dldrlïj, ksr; ùfuys ,d th
Wmia;ïNkhla o jkq we;'
tfuka u ieu l%h s dldrlul § u .=re wdo¾Ykh b;d jeo.;a fõ' bf.kqï -- b.ekaùï
l%h
s dj,sfha § isik
q g
a meyeÈ,s lrk hï úIh lreKla fõ o th b;d u ir, j meyeÈ,s lr §u ;a
tys,d isij
q d yqfol,d fkdlsÍug;a .=rejrhd l,amkdldÍ úh hq;= h' ieu úg u ish¨ u isik
q a
iu`. bÈßhg hd hq;= h'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha tla tla l%shdldrlu hgf;a i|yka lr we;s iqúfYaI lreKq
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lr tu úIh lreKq Ndú;h ;=<ska wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug yels
jk jgmsgdjla ks¾udKh lsÍu ks¾udKYS,S olaI .=re N+ñldjl iqúfYaI o ,laIKhla
úh hq;= h'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha i|yka lr we;s mßÈ úIh lreKq b.ekaùu l< hq;= h' tfuka
u .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha i|yka lr we;s mßÈ tla tla bf.kqï m, hgf;a isiqkaf.ka
wfmalaId lrk uÜgu ta f,ig u l%shd;aul lsÍu wksjd¾h jQjls'
bf.kqï -- b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha § WmlrK Ndú;h wksjd¾h fõ' bf.kqï wjia:d
;yjqre lsÍfuys ,d WmlrK Ndú;fha jeo.;alu .=rejrhd úiska ukd j wjfndaO lr .;
hq;= h'
bf.kqï-- b.ekaùï l%h s dj,sfha § isik
q f
a .a NdId;aul udkisl ;;a;j
a h ieye,a¨fjka
iy i;=áka ;eîfuys ,d wjYH jk jgmsgdj .=rejrhd úiska ilia l< hq;= h' l%h s dldrlïj,
fh§fï § ksoyfia is;uS g" ksoyia woyia m%ldYkhg wjia:dj iy m%Yk a lsÍug isikq g
a yels
;dla ksoyi ,nd Èh hq;= h'
isiqkag f.or jev ,nd Èh hq;af;a bf.kqï wjia:d ;yjqre lrk iy ÿ¾j,;d wju
lr .kakd mßÈ ñi wkjYH nrla fkdjk mßoafoka h' ieu l%shdldrlulg u f.or
jev ,nd §u wfmalaId fkdflf¾'
uõni úIhh i|yd mia jk fY%‚ a fha § Ndú; l< hq;f a ;a wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;j
= ,nd fok lshùï fmd;g wu;r j ;ksrE,a fmd; mu‚'
uõni úIhfha tla tla úIh fldgia i|yd fjka fjka jYfhka fmd;a Ndú; lsÍu
isÿ fkdl< hq;= h'

4' mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka

mka;s ldurh ;=< isÿ lrk .=re isiq wka;¾ l%shd iys; bf.kqï wjia:dj,ska
muKla isiqkaf.a NdId ixj¾Okh m%udKj;a j isÿ fkd fõ' ta wkqj uõni úIhh
bf.kSfï wjia:d ndysr mßirh uÕska iïmdokh l< hq;= h'
mdif,a WoEik /iaùï" mka;s /iaùï" úúO m%ix." m%o¾Yk" wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl
jevigyka hk wdÈh bka lsysmhls' y;r jk fY%aKsfha isg mka;s uÜgñka fyda iudka;r
mka;s uÜgñka fyda meje;afjk idys;H iñ;s wksjd¾h jevigykls'
tfuka u .dhkd ;r." újdo ;r." kdgH ;r." ±kqu ñkqu ;r." i;sfha Ñ;%h
ms<sn| woyia" ì;a;s mqj;am;" mka;s uÜgñka l;kaor fmd;a" lú$.S; fmd;a ieliSu"
mqia;ld,h mßyrKhg wjia:dj ,nd §u hk wdÈ úúO wjia:d mdi, ;=< l%shd;aul l<
yels h' fuu wjia:d uÕska isiq we.hSu wksjd¾h fõ'

4
5' YsIH m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu
uõni úIhh yodrk ieu isif q jl= ms<n
s | j u ksrka;r wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu b;d
u jeo.;a fõ' fuu`.ska isiqjdf.a m%.;sh ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a" isiqjdf.a
.eg¨" ÿIalr;d ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a yels jkq we;'
isiqjdf.a m%.;sh iïnkaOfhka ,nk wjfndaOh u`.ska Bg jvd jeä bf.kqï wjia:d
,nd §ug yels h' isiqjdf.a ÿn,;d iïnkaOfhka ,nk wjfndaOh u`.ska .eg¨" ÿIalr;d
u`. yrjd .ekSug isiqjdg iydh úh yels h'
mia jk fY%a‚fha § uõni úIhh ms<sn| ,sÅ; mÍlaIK fuka u isiqka iu`. jev
lrñka iy isiqkaf.a jev ksÍlaIKh u`.ska lrk we.hSï isÿ l< hq;= h'
ie,iqï .; fi,a,ï" l%shdldrlï" lshùï fmd; Ndú;fha § ksÍlaIKh" idlÉPd"
jdÑl m%Yak uÕka isiqka ;ks ;ksj;a" lKavdhï jYfhkq;a l%shdldrlïj, ksr; jk
w;r;=r § isiq m%.;sh ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia l< yels h'
fuu f;dr;=re l%uj;a j igyka lr .ekSu b;d u jeo.;a h' fuf,i f;dr;=re
igyka ;nd .ekSu b;d u ksjerÈ j isÿ l< hq;= w;r" th yqfola f;dr;=re igyka
lsÍula muKla fkdúh hq;= h' fuu f;dr;=re isiqjdf.a iuia; wOHdmk l%shd,sh ms<sn|
jk ;SrKd;aul idOlhla jkq we;'

5
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h
L1S1 L1 wjfndaOfhka m%;spdr L1 ²² mjik fohlg ijka §u
oelaùu i|yd ijka fohs' ²² l;kaorj,g ijka §u
²² <ud .S;j,g ijka §u
²² <ud lúj,g ijka §u

S1 wjfndaOfhka meyeÈ,s S1 ²² ksoyfia l;kaor mejiSu

WÉpdrKh iys; j ²² ud;Dldjlg wod< j l;d lsÍu
w¾:h meyeÈ,s jk fia
l;d lrhs'

R1W1 R1 lshùfï hdka;K

% h R1 ²² ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; jdlH
wkq.ukh lrñka lshjhs' lshùu iy ,sùu
²² ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; ir,
fþo lshùu
²² úrdu ,l=Kq ie,ls,a,g f.k lshùu
)) ;s;
)) fldudj
)) m%Yakd¾: ,l=K
)) hq., Wvq fldud
)) úiauhdÈ ,l=K
)) ir, jryka
)) flá br
²² Yío k`.d fõ.fhka ksjerÈ j lshùu
²² Yío k`.d ye`.Sï m%ldY jk mßÈ lshùu
²² ksYaYío j lshùu

W1 iïu; ksjerÈ l%uhg W1 ²² ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk ,sùu

,shhs' ²² ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; j
jdlH ,sùu
²² úrdu ,l=Kq fhdod ,sùu
)) ;s;
)) fldudj
)) m%Yakd¾: ,l=K
)) hq., Wvq fldud
)) úiauhdÈ ,l=K
)) ir, jryka
)) flá br

6
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

L2S2R2W2 L2 ijka §fï l=i,;d L2 ²² ir, fþo

ixj¾Okh i|yd ijka ²² ir, .S;
fohs'

S2 l:k l=i,;d S2 ²² ir, fþo

ixj¾Okh i|yd l;d ²² ir, .S;
lrhs'

R2 lshùfï l=i,;d R2 ²² ir, fþo

ixj¾Okh i|yd lshjhs' ²² ir, .S;

W2 ,sùfï l=i,;d W2 ²² ir, fþo

ixj¾Okh i|yd ,shhs' ²² ir, .S;

L3S3 L3 leue;af;ka yd ri L3 ²² <ud lú ² úoHd m%nkaO

ú¢ñka ijka fohs' ²² <ud .S; ² fõÈld kdgH
²² <ud l;kaor ² Ñ;%mg

S3 leue;af;ka yd ri S3 ²² <ud lú ² úoHd m%nkaO

ú¢ñka l;d lrhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fõÈld kdgH
²² <ud l;kaor ² Ñ;%mg
²² pß;dfrdams; j l;d lsÍu

R3W3 R3 leue;af;ka yd ri R3 ²² <ud lú ² úoHd m%nkaO

ú¢ñka lshjhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fõÈld kdgH
²² <ud l;kaor ² Ñ;%mg
²² pß;dfrdams; j lshùu
²² Ñ;% l;d lshùu

W3 leue;af;ka yd ri W3 ²² <ud lú ² úoHd m%nkaO

ú¢ñka ,shhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fõÈld kdgH
²² <ud l;kaor ² Ñ;%mg
²² pß;dfrdams; j ,sùu
²² Ñ;% l;d ,sùu

7
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h
L4S4R4W4 L4 tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq L4 ²² Wmfoia
lr .ekSu i|yd ijka ²² m%jD;a;s
fohs'
²² ksfõok
²² úia;r l:k
S4 tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq S4 ²² Wmfoia
lr .ekSu i|yd l;d ²² m%jD;a;s
lrhs'
²² ksfõok
²² úia;r l:k
R4 tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq R4 ²² Wmfoia
lr .ekSu i|yd lshjhs' ²² m%jD;a;s
²² ksfõok
²² úia;r l:k
W4 tÈfkod wjYH;d bgq W4 ²² Wmfoia
lr .ekSu i|yd ,shhs' ²² m%jD;a;s
²² ksfõok
²² úia;r l:k
L5S5R5W5 L5 jdxud,d ixj¾Okh L5 ²² l;kaor ² hq., mo
i|yd ijka fohs' ²² f;arú,s ² wdmaf;damfoaY
²² iudkd¾: mo ² rEÎ$b`.s jels
²² úreoaOd¾: mo ² m%ia;dj msre`M
²² Wmud
S5 jdxud,d ixj¾Okh S5 ²² l;kaor ² hq., mo
i|yd l;d lrhs' ²² f;arú,s ² wdmaf;damfoaY
²² iudkd¾: mo ² rEÎ$b`.s jels
²² úreoaOd¾: mo ² m%ia;dj msre`M
²² Wmud
R5 jdxud,d ixj¾Okh R5 ²² l;kaor ² hq., mo
i|yd lshjhs' ²² f;arú,s ² wdmaf;damfoaY
²² iudkd¾: mo ² rEÎ$b`.s jels
²² úreoaOd¾: mo ² m%ia;dj msre`M
²² Wmud
W5 jdxud,d ixj¾Okh W5 ²² l;kaor ² hq., mo
i|yd ,shhs' ²² f;arú,s ² wdmaf;damfoaY
²² iudkd¾: mo ² rEÎ$b`.s jels
²² úreoaOd¾: mo ² m%ia;dj msre`M
²² Wmud

8
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

L6S6 L6 ikaksfõokh i|yd L6 ²² .=rejreka iu`.

ijka fohs' ²² úfYaIs; mqoa.,hka iu`.
²² l=vd lKavdhula iu`.

S6 ikaksfõokh i|yd l;d S6 ²² .=rejreka iu`.

lrhs' ²² úfYaIs; mqoa.,hka iu`.
²² l=vd lKavdhula iu`.

R6W6 R6 ikaksfõokh i|yd R6 ²² iqn me;=ï m;a ² fm!oa.,sl ,sms

lshjhs' ²² ldgQka ² wdrdOkd m;%
²² j.=.; lsÍï ² wdlD;s m;%

W6 ikaksfõokh i|yd W6 ²² iqn me;=ï m;a ² fm!oa.,sl ,sms

,shhs' ²² ldgQka ² wdrdOkd m;%
²² j.=.; lsÍï ² wdlD;s m;%

L 7S 7R 7W 7 L7 NdIdj yeisrùfï L7 ²² ck lú
l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ²² idys;H iñ;s
ijka fohs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< jdlH
S7 NdIdj yeisrùfï S7 ²² ck lú
l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ²² idys;H iñ;s
l;d lrhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< jdlH
R7 NdIdj yeisrùfï R7 ²² ck lú
l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ²² idys;H iñ;s
lshjhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< jdlH
W7 NdIdj yeisrùfï W7 ²² ck lú
l=i,;d j¾Okh i|yd ²² idys;H iñ;s
,shhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< jdlH
L 8S 8R 8W 8 L8 bf.kqï ixj¾Okh L8 ²² pdßld
i|yd ijka fohs' ²² ks¾udK
S8 bf.kqï ixj¾Okh S8 ²² pdßld
i|yd l;d lrhs' ²² ks¾udK
R8 bf.kqï ixj¾Okh R8 ²² pdßld ² mqia;ld,h Ndú;h
i|yd lshjhs' ²² ks¾udK
W8 bf.kqï ixj¾Okh W8 ²² pdßld ² mqia;ld,h Ndú;h
i|yd ,shhs' ²² ks¾udK

9
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

L 9S 9R 9W 9 L9 wjfndaOh i|yd;a L9 ²² <ud lú ² f;dr;=re

ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d ²² <ud .S; ² fjí wvú
m%ldY lsÍu i|yd;a
²² <ud l;kaor
idjOdk j ijka fohs
S9 ks¾udKYS,S j iy S9 ²² <ud lú ² f;dr;=re
wjiaf:daÑ; j l;d lrhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fjí wvú
²² <ud l;kaor

R9 ks¾udKYS,S j iy R9 ²² <ud lú ² f;dr;=re

wjiaf:daÑ; j lshjhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fjí wvú
²² <ud l;kaor
W9 ks¾udKYS,S j iy W9 ²² <ud lú ² f;dr;=re
wjiaf:daÑ; j ,shhs' ²² <ud .S; ² fjí wvú
²² <ud l;kaor

L 10 S 10 R 10 L 10 iïu; NdId jHjydrh L 10 ²² ,sÅ; jHjydrfhka ,shQ WoaOD;

i|yd ijka fohs'
S 10 iïu; NdId jHjydrh S 10 ²² ,sÅ; jHjydrfhka ,shQ WoaOD;
i|yd l;d lrhs'
R 10 iïu; NdId jHjydrh R 10 ²² ,sÅ; jHjydrfhka ,shQ WoaOD; lshùu
i|yd lshjhs' )) j¾;udk ld,h ) w;S; ld,h
²² kdu mo
)) m%dKjdÖ iy wm%dKjdÖ kdu mo
)) ia;%S,sx. iy mqreI,sx. kdu mo
)) taljpk yd nyqjpk kdumo
)) Wla; yd wkqla; kdu mo
²² ir, jdlHhl Wla;h" l¾uh iy l%shdj
ksjerÈ j fh§u ms<sn| y÷kajd §u
²² ,sÅ; jHjydrhg wkqj jdlH lshùu iy
Ndú;h y÷kajd §u ^j¾;udk ld,h -
m%:u mqreI yd W;a;u mqreI&
²² ,sÅ; jHjydrhg wkqj jdlH lshùu iy
Ndú;h y÷kajd §u ^w;S; ld,h - m%:u
mqreI yd W;a;u mqreI&
²² zo$;a$hs$yd$iyZ hkak fhdod kdu mo
lsysmhla Wla;h f,i fhÿKq jdlHj,
Ndú;h ^j¾;udk ld,h iy w;S; ld,h&
²² wlaIr úkHdih
)) k"K","< fh§u
)) i" Y" I fh§u
)) w,amm%dK" uydm%dK Ndú;h

10
lafIa;%h ksmqK;dj úIh wka;¾.;h

W 10 W 10 iïu; NdId jHjydrh W 10 ²² kdu mo

i|yd ,shhs' )) m%dKjdÖ iy wm%dKjdÖ kdu mo
)) ia;%S,sx. iy mqreI,sx. kdu mo
)) taljpk iy nyqjpk kdu mo
)) Wla; yd wkqla; kdumo
²² ir, jdlHhl Wla;h" l¾uh iy l%shdj
ksjerÈ j fhdod ,sùu ^j¾;udk ld,h
iy w;S; ld,h&
²² ,sÅ; jHjydrhg wkqj jdlH ,sùu
^j¾;udk ld,h&
²² ,sÅ; jHjydrhg wkqj jdlH ,sùu ^w;S;
ld,h - m%:u mqreI yd W;a;u mqreI&
²² zo$;a$hs$yd$iyZ hkak fhdod kdu mo
lsysmhla Wla;h f,i fhÿKq jdlH ,sùu
^j¾;udk ld,h iy w;S; ld,h&
²² wlaIr úkHdih
)) k"K","< fh§u
)) i" Y" I fh§u
)) w,amm%dK" uym%dK

11
 j¾Ih ;=< uõni úIhh l%shd;aul úh hq;= wdldrh

jdrh ksmqK;dj Èk .Kk

L1 S1

R1 W1

L2 S2 R2 W2

m<uq jk jdrh L3 S3 60
R3 W3

L4 S4 R4 W4

L5 S5 R5 W5

L6 S6

R6 W6

L7 S7 R7 W7

fojk jdrh L8 S8 W8 R8 60
L9 S9 R9 W9

L10 S10 R10

W10

L10 S10 R10

;=ka jk jdrh 65
W10

uõni mdvï ie,iqula ilia lsÍfï § ksmqK;dj" wka;¾.;h" bf.kqï m,"

iïm;a" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd .; jk ld,h" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh ^ieflúka& ;lafiarelrKh hk lreKq we;=<;a lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

12
 L1S1

bf.kqï m,
²² mjik fohlg ijka § wik m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,nd fohs'
²² l;kaorhla weiqfrka wik ,o m%Yakj,g wjfndaOfhka hq;= j m%;spdr olajhs'
²² l;kaorfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| ;u woyia m%ldY lrhs'
²² <ud lú" .S;j,g ijka foñka ;d, ;nhs'
²² <ud lú" .S;j,g ijka foñka .dhkd lrhs'
²² isoaê .<mñka ks¾udKd;aul f,i l;kaorhla bÈßm;a lrhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< j l;d lsÍug fkdmels< j bÈßm;a fjhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< j ksjerÈ j l;d lrhs'

mjik fohlg ijka §u

l%shdldrlu 01
mshjr 1 (
²² isiqka wvljhla wdldrhg jdä lrjkak'
²² my; i|yka fþoh isiqkag lsysm jrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² fþofha wka;¾.;h isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
ieu f.hla u f.j;a;lska hql;
a h' wlalrhla folla ;rï úYd,
f.j;a; y;r jfÜ u me< bks jegls' f.a bÈß miska jefgka we;=¿ ùug
iE¥ lvq,,
a ls'
f.j;= foys" fodvï yd u[af[dlald hk j.djkaf.ka hql; a h' fldax"
udox" ishU,d" nqre;" jEjrk" ñ,a, jeks úYd, .ia tlla folla fyda
ke;s bvula oelsh fkdyels h' uhs, .ila fyda lsym s hla ieu bvul u
fjhs' lmd ìu fy<k ,o úYd, .iaj, l|ka ms,i s i
a S b;=re jQ fldgia fï
bvïj, iq,n h' ' ' '
yeu bvul u ,nq je,la folla wksjd¾hfhka olskk
a g ,efí' Èh
f.k taug .kakd Ndckh jYfhka yd îc i|yd .kakd OdkH ;ekam;a
lr ;eîug ,nqleg Ndú; fõ' fï ksid ìka;ekafka ck Ôú;hg ,nq
je, ke;=j u neß fohls'
jk.; pdßld" mshfiak ly|.uf.a'

²² fþoh weiqfrka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr jdÑl ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'

Wod ( 1' f.j;a; jfÜg we;af;a l=ula o @
2' f.a bÈßmi jefgka we;=¿ ùug idod we;af;a l=ula o @
3' f.j;af;a we;s j.djka fudkjd o @
4' f.j;af;a we;s úYd, .ia j¾. ;=kla mjikak'
5' ìka;ekafka ck Ôú;hg ,nq je, ke;=j u neß fohla jkafka wehs @

13
l;kaorj,g ijka §u
l%shdldrlu 02 ^t<suyka l%shdldrluls&
mshjr 1
²² isiqkag my; i|yka l;kaorhg ijka §ug i,iajkak'
l;kaorh
i;=gq l÷¿
ksmKq oïir jk uu .fï mdif,a yh jk fY%‚ A fha bf.kqu ,nk
YsIHfhla fjñ' udf.a kx.S ksm‚
q oïidß o udf.a mdif,a u mia jk
fY%‚
a fha bf.kqu ,nkakS h' udf.a ;d;a;d .,a jevm<l /lshdj lrk
w;r wïud b¢wdmam idod úl=Kd f.or úhou msßuid .ekSug W;aidy
.ksh's
—uu fï ;rï uykais fjkafka wfma orefjda fokakdf.a Ôú; óg
jvd ,iaik lrkak ´kE ksid hs' fyd|g bf.k .;af;d;a wms jdf.a
fufyu ÿla ú¢kak ´fk keye fka'˜ ;d;a;d ieu úgl u jdf.a wïud
iuÕ mjikq ug weiS ;sfí'
—ta fokak;a ta .ek f;areï wrf.khs bkafka' talfka uykais fj,d
mdvï jev lrkafka'˜ wïud ;d;a;d wiajihs'
l=lal= ' ' ' l+ ' ' ' l+ ' ' ' kdoh mßirhg uqiqjkjd;a iuÕ u wïud
f.or <sm t<sh lrkafka wm ieuf.a u is;a t<sh lrkakg fuks'
wk;=re j wïud b¢wdmam idohs' uu tiekska u wjÈ ù Ññks ,dïmqj
o,ajd f.k mdvï lrñ' ;d;a;d fndfyda úg wïudg Wojq lsÍu i|yd
wjÈ jqj;a wïud ;d;a;dg mjikafka .,a jevmf<a uykais ù jev lrk
ksid úfõl .kakd f,i h' kx.S o wjÈ ù mdvï lr wïud wi,ska
jdä fjhs' wïud b¢wdmam ;Ügqj,ska .,jd jÜáhlg ouhs' kx.S tajd
.Kka lr lvj,g ,nd §u i|yd fjk fjk u l+vj, wiqrhs'
WoEikska u mdi,a hEu i|yd iQodkï jk kx.S;a uu;a fndfyda úg
Wfoa wdydrh i|yd yS,an;a lkafkuq' zyS,an;aZ hkq fmr Èk /fha msiQ
n;a h' wfma f.or wdydr kdia;s jkq ud oel ke;' yS,an;a fkd;snqKq
úfgl wïud idok b¢wdmam fmd,a iïn, iuÕ lkafkuq'
Èk m;d u jdf.a mdi, wi, lvhg b¢wdmam l+vh § hkafka ud
úisks' ;d;a;d .,a jevm<g hk úg wfkla lvj,g b¢wdmam fnod
fohs'
mdif,a YsIH kdhlfhl= jk uu ta j.lSï o fkdmsßfy<d bgq lrñ'
uu bf.kSï lghq;= fyd¢ka isÿ lrk ksid kx.S o wehf.a bf.kSï
lghq;= id¾:l j lr .ekSug fjfyfihs'

14
 wïud iy ;d;a;d b;d ÿla uykaisfhka wm Ôj;a lr ùug .kakd
fjfyi wms oksuq' ta ksid fyd¢ka bf.k f.k fyd| /lshdjla lsÍu
wm fofokdf.a u n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhs' mdif,a .=rejre o ieu úg u wm
fofokd w.h lr;s' ieu jirl u jdf.a jdr úNd.j, § kx.S;a uu;a
mka;sfha m<uqfjkshd jkafkuq' ta .ek wïudg iy ;d;a;dg we;af;a
uy;a jQ wdvïnrhls'
wïudf.a f.or fodr iliqreju fjfiiska u w.h l< hq;a;ls'
WoEik b¢wdmam idok wïud wm ieu ksjiska msg;a jQ miq f.or fodr
lghq;= ksu lr t<j¿ j.d lrhs' f.org wjYH t<j¿ f.j;af;ka
u imhd .ekSug fjfyi ork weh oU," jïngq" jÜglald" uElr,a
wdÈh j.d lrhs' wmg wjYH fldgi ;ndf.k b;=re tajd lvhg §
wu;r wdodhula o ,nd .kshs' Èk m;d u jdf.a t<j¿ md;a;sj,g j;=r
oukafka ud hs' kx.S l=iaisfha Whk msysk jev i|yd wïudg Wojq fjhs'
.,a jevmf<a jev ksu lr ;d;a;d ksjig f.dv fjkafka ìï lrej,
jefgk úg h' .,a lvk ñáhg ;d;a;df.a w;aj, lr.eg ths' l=mams
,dïmqj ;nd f.k wïud" ;d;a;df.a w;aj, f;,a .dk wjia:d uu oel
we;af;ñ' ta ieu úgl §;a uu flfia fyda ;j;a Wkkaÿfjka mdvï
jev lr Ôú;h ch.; hq;= njg wÈgka lr .;af;ñ'
jir lsysmhla .; úh' uu w'fmd'i' ^id'fm'& úNd.hg uqyqK ÿkafkñ'
udi lsysmhlska miq j úNd. m%;sM, ksl=;a úh' ud ieu úIhhlg u
úYsIag idud¾: ,nd f.k úNd.h b;d Wiia f,i iu;a ù ;snq‚' ud yg
i;=g ord.; fkdyels ;rï h' úÿy,am;s;=ud mdif,a WoEik /iaùfï §
—ksmqKf.a ukd lemùu" Wkkaÿj iy b;d fyd¢ka bf.kSï lghq;=j,
ksr; ùu ksid fuf,i úYsIag m%;sM,hla ,enqKq nj;a" mdi,g fujka
m%;sM,hla ,nd ÿka m<uqfjkshd ksmqK oïir nj;a ta fya;=fjka mdi,g
,nd ÿka lS¾;sh b;d jákd nj;a˜ m%ldY lf<a h'
wïudg iy ;d;a;dg o tÈk mdi,g meñfKk f,ig okajd ;snq‚'
úÿy,am;s;=ud .=rejre wïudg;a ;d;a;dg;a Tjqkaf.a i;=g m%ldY lr iqn
me;+y' ta fofokd ta iqn me;=ï ms<s.;af;a oE;a tla lr wdpdr lsÍfuks'
wïud;a ;d;a;d;a .=rejrekag wdpdr lrk úg wïudf.a oEiska l÷¿
jefgkq uu ÿgqfjñ' ta i;=gq l÷¿ nj uu okafkñ'

mshjr 2
²² l;kaorfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

15
mshjr 3
²² iuia; l;kaorh weiqfrka m%Yak lsysmhla wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( 1' ksmqK oïir bf.k .kafka l=uk fY%a‚fha o @
2' wïud WoEik wjÈ ù isÿ lrkafka l=ula o @
3' ksmqK iy kx.S fyd¢ka bf.k .ekSug W;aidy .kafka wehs @
4' ksmK
q úNd.h iu;a ùug fya;j
= f,i úÿy,am;s;u
= d m%ldY lf<a
l=ula o @

mshjr 4
²² isiqkag kej; jrla l;kaorhg ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² z i;=gq l`ÿ¿Z l;kaorh mejiSug wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqka lsysm fofkl=g
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

<ud .S;j,g ijka §u

l%shdldrlu 03
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka .S;h ixhqla; ;eá wdOdrfhka$fjk;a iqÿiq l%uhlska isiqkag ijka
§ug i,iajkak'
.S;h

wE; uE; iqj| § ie,S

fkal fkal yev reúka ueù
mdg mdg u,a jf.a msmS
hd¿ hd¿ fmdä <uhs wms $$
, , , ,d ' ' ' $$$$
WoEikl Wod.srl wreK lsrK wms
lvd yef,k Èh oyrl msfmk nqnq¿ wms
iodyß; ;=re f.duqjl i,s; <m¨ wms
mdg mdg u,a jf.a msmS
hd¿ hd¿ fmdä <uhs wms $$
i| we;s /h ñysr ú|sk ;re msßjr wms
foaÿkakl mdg iok ;re msßjr wms
mdg mdg u,a jf.a msmS
hd¿ hd¿ fmdä <uhs wms $$
wE; uE; ' ' '
mo rpkh ( wdpd¾h" fidaur;ak Èidkdhl

16
 ²² .=rejrhd iu`. isiqka ;d, ;nñka .S;h .dhkd lrkak'
²² fuys § .S;hg wkqj úkaokd;aul m%;spdr ±laùug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( w;amqä .eiSfuka$;d,ïmg Ndú;fhka$ wdfoaY NdKav Ndú;fhka

mshjr 2 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'
²² t
la lKavdhula .S;h .dhkd lrk úg wfkla lKavdhug ;d, ;eîug Wmfoia
fokak'
²² w
k;=re j ;d, ;enQ lKavdhu .S;h .dhkd lrk úg" .S;h .dhkd l< lKavdhug
;d, ;eîug wjia:dj fokak'

<ud lúj,g ijka §u

l%shdldrlu 04
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka lú fm< .=rejrhd foj;djla ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'
²² wk;=re j isiqka iuÕ o ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'

isß;a u,aou
br Wod fjkak g
m<uq j keÕsg isys fldg
w,ilï ÿre fldg
lrka jevm, ÈhqKq jkakg

f.fodr w;= .Efuk

uQK lg fidaod f.k
T`Mj mSrd f.k
wl=re mdvï lrkq i;=ák

w;mh fidaod f.k

krl lEula fkdu f.k
fyd| fohla lE fuk
ierfikak mdi,g hk fuk

;u foúhka keuo
uõmsh fofok oel je|
.=reka fj; f.dia je|
wl=re ksis f,i bf.k .kq fid|

17
 ;u fmd;am;a /f.k
kshu ;ekaj, b|f.k
f.daid fkdlrñ k
lrkq mdvï is;g .ksñk

mdif,ys ;ek ;ek

fkdhka ÿjñka n,ñk
o`. fkdlr b| f.k
.=reka lS foh lrka tf,isk

wkqkaf.a fmd;a m;a

kdÈkq fkd.kq lsisjla
Wjukd l< fyd;a
lshd b,a,d .ekqu hym;a

is`.d ldf.k j;a

ls¨gq jerye,s we|j;a
ìu jeà b| j;a
uy;a iem fjhs bf.k .; fyd;a

t,a' tï' o is,ajd .=re uqykaÈrï;=ud

mshjr 2 (
²² tla tla lúh ne.ska f.k lúj, w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
²² lú fmf<ys wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
²² mdi,a hk orefjl= jYfhka Ôú;hg tla lr .; hq;= hym;a mqreÿ iy bf.kSfuys
w.h ms<sn| j wjOdrKh jk mßÈ fuu idlÉPdj fufyhjkak'

ksoyfia l;kaor mejiSu

l%shdldrlu 05 ^t<suyka l%shdldrluls&
mshjr 1 (
²² isiqka wv ljhlg jdä lrjkak'
²² ish¨ fokd tl;= ù" l;kaorhla f.dv keÕSug iQodkï úh hq;= nj mjikak'
²² w
¾:j;a l;kaorhla f.dv kef`.k f,ig w¨;a jdlHhla ne.ska tl;= l< hq;=
njg o Wmfoia fokak'
²² .
=rejrhd úiska l;kaorhla f.dv kef`.k wdldrhg jdlHhla mjid l;kaorfha
wdrïNh ,nd fokak'

18
 ²² .=rejrhd mejiQ jdlHhg .e<fmk mßÈ jdlHhla mejiSug tla isif
q jl=g wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
²² tu isijq d mejiQ jdlHhg .e<fmk jdlHhla ;j;a isif
q jl=g mejiSug wjia:dj
fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqkag jdlH f.dv k`.d mejiSug fhduq lrkak'
²² l;kaorh ksjerÈ ÈYdjg fhduq lsÍu i|yd .==rejrhd o jdlH tl;= lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
²² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
²² lKavdhï ;=< ksoyfia l;kaor f.dv ke`.Sug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
²² t
ys § lKavdhfï tla isiqfjl=g l;kaorfha wdrïNh ,nd §u i|yd jdlHhla
mejiSug fhduq lrkak'
²² t
u jdlHhg .e<fmk f,i jdlHhla f.dv ke`.Sug tu lKavdhfï ;j;a
isiqfjl=g mjikak'
²² f
ï wdldrhg ieu lKavdhul u isiqkag jdlH mjid" l;kaorhla f.dv
ke`.Sug Wmfoia fokak'
²² i
eu lKavdhulg u f.dia l;kaorh ksjerÈ ÈYdjg fhduq lsÍu i|yd .=rejrhd
ueÈy;alrefjla jkak'

ud;Dldjlg wod< j l;d lsÍu

l%shdldrlu 06
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka ud;Dld yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
Wod ( ) ud leu;s u l;d fmd;
)) rEmjdysksh
)) jeäysáhkag i,luq
)) uf.a f.j;a;
)) ud .sh úfkdao .ukla
²² b
ka tla ud;Dldjla f;dardf.k ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d l< hq;= njg isiqka
±kqïj;a lrkak'
²² tys § f;dard.;a ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d l< hq;= wdldrh .=rejrhd WodyrK
weiqßka fmkajd fokak'

19
 Wod ( ud leu;s u fmd;

ud lshjQ fmd;a w;ßka ud jvd;a u leu;s .`. woaor lef,a kï

fmd;g hs'
tys l;=jrhd jkafka fidauùr fiakdkdhl uy;d hs'
.eñ mßirhl Ôj;a jk úg ,efnk fndfyda w;aoelSï fï l;d
fmdf;a we;=<;a lr ;sfnkjd'
myqrl .sh .uk" jeiais iy meáhd fidhd .;a wdldrh uf.a is;a .;a
wjia:d hs'
hy`Mjka iu`. tluq;l = ñka Ôj;a ùfï jákdlu fuu fmd;
lshùfuka ug meyeÈ,s jqKd'

mshjr 2 (
²² .
=rejrhdf.a bÈßm;a lsÍu WodyrKhg .ksñka isiqkag o leu;s ud;Dldjla
ms<sn| j l;d lsÍug iQodkï úh hq;= njg Wmfoia fokak'
²² l;d lsÍug iQodkï ùu i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd mka;s ldur fõÈldj Ndú; lrkak'
²² ieu isiqfjl=g u l;d lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² Wojq wjYH isiqkag iydh ,nd fokak'

20
 R1W1

bf.kqï m,
²² Yío k`.d lshùfï mßph m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² Yío k`.d" ye`.Sï m%ldY jk mßÈ lshùfï l=i,;dj j¾Okh lr .kshs'
²² ksYaYío j lshùfï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² úrdu ,laIK ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a fjñka fõ.fhka lshjhs'
²² ksjerÈ j ms,s fh§u ms<sn| l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² jpk w;r mr;rh ;nñka ,shhs'
²² úrdu ,laIK ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ,shhs'
²² w¾:h ksjerÈ j m%ldY jk mßÈ ,shhs'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%fudamdh

lshùug iy ,sùug yqre lsÍu

²² mia jk fY%a‚fha § wl=re ,sùu i|yd ñ,sóg¾ 8l Wi m%udKfha ;ksrE,a iys;

fmd;la Ndú; l< hq;= h'
²² mia jk fY%a‚fha § wl=rl m%udKh ;ks rEf,a 1 ls'
2
²² m<uq jk m%Odk wjêfha § wl=rl m%udKh iïmQ¾K ;ksrEf,a o" fojk m%Odk
wjêfha § wl=rl m%udKh ;ksrEf,a 3 o fõ'
4
²² fï i|yd wdo¾Yhla olajd we;'

21
22
ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; jdlH lshùu iy ,sùu
l%shdldrlu 01
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka jdlH ldâ m;aj, ,shd ilia lr .kak'$yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
1' l¿jrg lKueÈßhd w,xldr j fmfkhs'

ldjHd ld,fhka Wmßu m%fhdack .kshs'

2' le¨ï leú,s f.k le,‚hg hhs

lEr,d lE.iñka le,Ejg mshdUhs'

3' ls;aisß uy;d lsߢje, nihg k`.shs'

lS¾;s ,shQ kjl;dj lS¾;shg m;a úh'

4' l=re¨ meáhd iq<s l=Kdgqjg yiq fkdù fíß‚'

wms l+v¨ u,a l+vhg ouuq'

5' lú÷ mka;sfha fl<jrg f.dia flál;djla ,shqfõ h'

fla;lS fla;,hg j;=r oud <sm u; ;enqjd h'

6' fldia.i wi, fldfnda,S, m÷r irejg jeã we;'

fldai, fldaK uekSug fldaKudkh Ndú; lf<a h'

²² háka bß we¢ wl=re flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka jdlH lshjkak'

²² m<uq jk m;%sldfõ jdlH hq.,fha we;s háka bß we¢ wl=rej, Yío flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lr —w - wd˜ Yío w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( l¿jrg" lKdueÈßhd hk jpkj, —l˜ wl=f¾ —w˜ Yíohg ms,a,la
fkdfhfok nj;a" ldjHd" ld,fhka hk jpkj, —l˜ wl=f¾ —wd˜ Yíoh
i|yd we,ms,a,la fh§ we;s whqre;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' fï wdldrhg —l˜
wl=rg we" wE" b" B" W" W!" t" ta" T" ´ hk Yío i|yd ms,s fh§ we;s
wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2
²² mshjr 1ys i|yka f;dard.;a jdlH lsysmhla wid ,sùug fokak'
²² jdlH ,sùfï § jpk w;r mr;rh ;nñka ,sùug;a" ksjerÈ j úrdu ,l=Kq
fh§ug;a Wmfoia fokak'

23
l%shdldrlu 2
²² my; i|yka jdlH ldâ m;aj, ,shd ilia lr .kak'$yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
1' lDIs l¾udka;fha § lD;%su lDñkdYl Ndú;fhka
je<lSu jeo.;a h'
2'
;DK N+ñfha úúO ;DK j¾. j.d lr we;'
3'
rEmjdysksh Y%jH oDYH ikaksfõok WmlrKhls'
4' t<suyka l%Svd iy .Dyia: l%Svd f,i l%Svd foj¾.hls'

5'
jDYaÑl ;re rgdfjka f.dakqiaidf.a rEmh fmkakqï
flfrhs'
6' k¿fjda kD;H Yd,djg m%úIag fj;s'

²² háka bß we¢ wl=rej,g jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka by; i|yka jdlH lsysm
j;djla lshjkak'
²² tu wl=rej, l" ;" o" ." j" k hk wlaIr iuÕ zRZ Yíoh wefik nj myod
fokak'
²² zRZ Yíoh i|yd .eg we,ms,a, fhfok nj ;yjqre lrkak'
²² by; i|yka jdlH lsysm j;djla lshùug;a" thska jdlH lsysmhla wid ,sùug;a
fokak'
²² jdlH ,sùfï § jpk w;r mr;rh ;nñka ,sùug;a" ksjerÈ j úrdu ,l=Kq
fh§ug;a Wmfoia Wmfoia fokak'

l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka jdlH ldâ m;aj, ,shd ilia lr .kak'$yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
1' wms fl!;=ld.drh keröug .sfhuq'

2' fm!rd‚l jia;= /l .ekSu wm i;= j.lSuls'

3'
wms Tn ieu f.!rjfhka ms<s.ksuq'

4' iuyr isik

q f
a .a NdId fl!Y,Hh by< uÜgul mj;sh's
5' fi!LH idhkfha § uqL fi!LHh ms<sn| j jeä
wjOdkhla fhduq flß‚'
6'
fk!ldj jrdhg <Õd fjhs'

²² háka bß we¢ wl=rej,g jeä wjOdkhla ,nd foñka by; jdlH lsysm j;djla
lshjkak'

24
 ²² tu wl=rej, l" m" ." i" k wl=re iuÕ zT!Z Yíoh wefik nj myod fokak'
²² zT!Z Yíoh i|yd wl=rg uq,k
s a zfldïnqjZ o w.ska z.hkql;
s ;
a Z o fhfok nj ;yjqre
lrkak'
²² by; i|yka jdlH lsysm j;djla lshùug;a" thska jdlH lsysmhla wid ,sùug;a
fokak'
²² jdlH ,sùfï § jpk w;r mr;rh ;nñka ,sùug;a" ksjerÈ j úrdu ,l=Kq
fh§ug;a Wmfoia fokak'

l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka jdlH ldâ m;aj, ,shd ilia lr .kak'$yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
1' ld,.=Kh ms<sn| ffoksl jd¾;dj ëjrhkag b;d
m%fhdackj;a fõ'
2' ksjerÈ ridhkd.dr jd¾;d ffjoHjrfhl=g b;d
jeo.;a h'
3' O¾udfYdal rc;=ud ffp;H rdYshla f.dv keÕ=fõ h'

4' wOHdmkfha kshu M, ,nd .ekSug wms ffO¾hjka;

j jev lruq'
5'
ñksia isrer ie§ we;af;a ffi,j,sks'

6'
i|lv myK ffY,uh ks¾udKhls'

²² háka bß we¢ wl=rej,g jeä wjOdkhla ,nd foñka by; jdlH lsysm j;djla
lshjkak'
²² tu wl=rej, o" j" N" O" i" Y wl=re iuÕ —ft˜ Yíoh wefik nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² zftZ Yíoh i|yd zfldïnq fol - ffZ fhfok nj ;yjqre lrkak'
²² by; jdlH lsysm j;djla lshùug;a" thska jdlH lsysmhla wid ,sùug;a fokak'
²² jdlH ,sùfï § jpk w;r mr;rh ;nñka ,sùug;a" ksjerÈ j úrdu ,l=Kq
fh§ug;a Wmfoia fokak'

25
ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; ir, fþo lshùu yd ,sùu'
l%shdldrlu 1
mshjr 1
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² my; i|yka fþo ldâ m;aj, ,shd lKavdhï m%udKhg wkqj ilia lr .kak'
²² háka bß we¢ wl=re flfrys wjOdkfhka hq;= j tu ldâ m;a lshùug
m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² ldâ m;a lshjQ miq tajd wd" we" wE" b" B" W" W!" t" ta" T" ´" ft" T! wdÈ Yío
wkql%uhg fm<.eiaùug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
²² ta tla tla Yíoh i|yd fh§ we;s ms,a, ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

mdkaoßka u wjÈ jk mdró mdi,a hEug iQodkï fjhs' mdró fmrÈk

mdvï l< fmd; nE.hg ouhs' mdif,a iSkq y~ ksjig u wefihs' mdró
fouõmshkaf.a md je| mdi, fj; md k`.hs'

oeyeñ wu;r oekqu ,nd .ekSug fmd;m; lshjk oeßhls' wm mdif,a

oekqu ñkqu ;r.hg oeyeñ iyNd.s jQjd h' oeyeñ m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fok
wdldrh oel ish¨ fokd u i;=gq úh'

nEkd fo,al| fmd<g .sfha h' fmdf<ka .;a nvq f,dl= nE.hlg oud
.;af;a h' nEkdf.a nvq nE.h yß u nr h' f.org tk mdf¾ nEjqu o jeä
h' nE.h Tijd .;a nEkd b;d wudrefjka f.org wdfõ h'

wE; l÷ mduq, .ia fnkhl .srjq rxpqjla isáhy' fï .srd rxpqj WoEikska
u lEu fidhd h;s' .suka ksjd .ekSug .ia u; ji;s' .skshï jQ ysre
lsrK ksid .srjq úvdjg m;a fj;s' ? fndajk úg .srd rxpqj .ia fnkhg
mshUd h;s'

wms iS.ß
s h keröug .sfhuq' wm iu`. wdÉÖ iy iShd o .ukg tl;= jQy'
iS.ß
s ., Wvg kÕs;a u iq<`.la iu`. iS;, jeä jk nj iShd mejiqfõ h'
wdÉÖ iy iShd iS.ß
s fha isxy mdoh wi, kej;S isákakg ;SrKh l<y' ta
iu`. u iS,j;S kekaod o kej;=Kd h' iS;, iq<`. ú¢ñka wms iS.ß
s ., uqÿkg
u kexf.uq'

kqjr fmryer ieu jirl u wei< ui meje;afõ' kqjka kqjr fmryer

ne,Sug b;d m%sh lrhs' kqjkaf.a kekao,d kqjr isá ksid Tyqg kqjr
fmryer ieu jirl u keröug wjia:dj ,enq‚'

26
wfma f.or u,a md;a;sfha iQßhldka; u,a .ila ;sfí' iQßhldka; u,a
.fia fmdfydÜgqjla ;sfnk nj ÿgq ug iQ¾hdf,dalh foig yeÍ u, msfmk
wdldrh n,d .ekSug bjiqula fkdùh' iQ¾hdf,dalh ,efnkjd;a iu`.
iQßhldka; u, msfmk whqre uu ksÍlaIKh lf<ñ'

mjks Ñ;% we£ug olaI h' ta ksid u wehf.a mshd wehg mdg fmÜá f.k;a
fohs' fmykaid ieu úg u mdg fmÜáh f.k Ñ;% we| mdg lrhs' weh
fmryerl Ñ;%hla we| Ñ;% ;r.hlg hejqjd h' tu Ñ;%hg m%:u ia:dkh
ysñ úh' tys § wehg jákd mdg fmÜáhla ;E.s f,i ,enq‚'

fõje,afo‚h wdikakfha fndfyda fofkla fõje,a l¾udka;fha fh§ isá;s'

Tjqyq fõje,aj,ska úúO ks¾udK lr;s' tajd b;d w,xldr h' fõje,aj,ska
ksu lrk úis;=re NdKav o fõ' fõje,aj,ska ilik NdKavj, ñ, wêl
jkafka fõje,a imhd .ekSug we;s ÿIalr;dj ksid u úh yels h'

wd;¾ ù' Èfhia uy;d zfldia ududZ kñka o y÷kajhs' rg mqrd fldia me<
isgù
q fï jHdmdrhla wdrïN l< ksid t;=udg fldia udud hk ku ,eî we;'
t;=ud .ñka .ug fldia me< fnod §ug .;a fjfyi fldmuK oehs úia;r
l< fkdyels h' fldia yd fldia weg" ;ïnd wdydrhg .ekSug;a jHxckhla
f,i ie§ug;a fhdod .ks;'s fldia .eg" fmdf<dia kñka o ye¢kafõ' fldia
f.äh bÿKq úg rij;a m,;=rls'

f,dapkd .=re;=ñh mßirh mdvug f,dal f.da,h /f.k mka;h s g meñ‚hd

h' weh f,dalh f.da,dldr nj ;yjqre l< yels fndfyda f;dr;=re meyeÈ,s
lr ÿkakd h' f,dal f.da,h ,nd § f,dalfha rgj,a fidhd ne,Sug wmg
mejrejd h'

i|lv myK ffY,uh l,d ks¾udKhls' wdÈ uq;k = ñ

a ;a;ka tjeks ffY,uh
l,d ks¾udK fndfydauhla lr we;' ta ffY,uh ks¾udK ÿgq úg wmg mqÿu
isf;hs' Tjqka ms<n
s | wdvïnrhla oefkhs'

wm mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok jevigykla meje;aúKs' oka; fi!LHh ms<n

s |
fndfyda f;dr;=re wmg fi!LH jevigykska oek.; yels úh' wmf.a uqL
fi!LHh ms<n s | j óg jvd wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj fi!LH ffjoH
ks,Odß;=ud wmg mejiqfõ h'

27
l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka fþofha msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
mrdl%u uyd úoHd,fha mia jk fY%‚ a fha isi-q isiú
q hkaf.a Ñ;% yd
fmdaiga ¾ m%o¾Ykhla j¾Idjidkfha § meje;aùug iQodkï lr ;sn‚ q '
ta wkqj mdif,a ieu isif q jl=f.a u Ñ;%hla m%o¾Ykhg bÈßm;a lsÍug
Wmfoia fok ,È' tu m%o¾Ykfha § mekai, Ndú; lr mika úiska w¢k
,o mdislv = d fjr< oelafjk Ñ;%hg m%:u ia:dkh o" mEk Ndú; lr
mskia r úiska w¢k ,o Ñ;%h fojk ia:dkh o ysñ lr .;af;a h' ;=ka
jk ia:dkh Èkd .;af;a Èh idhï Ndú;fhka w¢k ,o mQ¾Kf.a Ñ;%h hs'
zmsßisÿ mßirhlaZ hk f;audj meyeÈ,s jk fia fmdaig a ¾ ;r.hla o
mj;ajk ,È' tys § fmaY, úiska w¢k ,o ,o zfvx.= u¾okhZ f;aud lr
.;a fmdaiga rh m<uq ;ekg;a mis÷ úiska w¢k ,o zli< l<ukdlrKhZ
iïnkaO fmdaig a rh fojk ;ekg;a f;aÍ m;a úh' ;=ka jk ;ek Èkd
.;af;a zfmd,s;k s a ÿr,uqZ hkak f;aud lr .;a mqnÿq f.a fmdaig
a rh hs'
;Hd. m%odfkda;i
a jfha § ch.%dylhkag iy;sl m;%hla iu`. Ñ;%
we£ug wjYH jk mdg fmÜá" mski a ,a iy Ñ;% fmd;a msßkeñ‚'
Ñ;% iy fmdaig
a ¾ m%o¾Ykh kerUQ m%Odk wdrdê; wuq;;a ka mjid
isáfha Ñ;% iy fmdaig
a ¾ ks¾udKh i|yd mqyKq q jevigyka bÈßfha §
y÷kajd fok nj;a tajdg iyNd.s ùfuka tu l=i,;d ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh
lr .; yels jk nj;a h'
²² fþofha wka;¾.; my; i|yka tla tla jpkh mjikak'
mdif,a" mekai," mdisl=vd" mskair" mEk" mQ¾K" msßisÿ" meyeÈ,s" fmaY,"
mqnqÿ" fmdaiagrh" fmd,s;Ska" mdg" fmÜá" mskai,a" fmd;a" msßkeñ‚" mqyqKq
²² .=rejrhd mjik jpk fþofhka fidhd háka brla we£ug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'

mshjr 2 (
²² háka bß we¢ tla jpkhla .=rejrhd mjikak'
²² .=rejrhd kï l< isiqfjl=g tu jpkfha uq,a wl=f¾ w.g wefik Yíoh m%ldY
lsÍug;a" tys ms,a, kï lsÍug;a Wmfoia fokak'
Wod ( mdif,a → zwdZ Yíoh - we,ms,a,
²² fuf,i háka bß we¢ jpk .=rejrhd mjid uq,a wl=f¾ w.g wefik Yíoh iy
Bg wod< ms,a, kï lsÍug wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

28
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka wdldrfha j.=jla ilia lr .kak'

Wod (
ms,a, l o n
we,ms,a, ldish odrh nd,sld
flá weoms,a,
Èla weoms,a,
flá biams,a,
Èla biams,a,
flá mdms,a,
Èla mdms,a,
fldïnqj
fldïnqj iys; y,a lsÍfï ,l=K
fldïnqj iys; we,ms,a,
fldïnqj" we,ms,,
a iys; y,a lsÍfï ,l=K

²² ieu isiqfjl=g u j.=j we;=<;a m;%sldj ne.ska ,nd fokak'

²² § we;s wl=rg wod< ms,a, fhdod jpk ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr 2 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² lKavdhug tla m;%sldjla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² by; j.=fõ § we;s wl=re fjkqjg fjk;a wl=re ,nd fokak'
²² lKavdhug tla ù jpk ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² fuh lKavdhï w;r l%Svdjla wdldrhg mj;ajkak'
²² blaukska jpk ,shQ lKavdhu ch.%dyS lKavdhu f,i kï lrkak'

ms,s iys; wl=re fhÿKq jpk iys; ir, fþo lshùu yd ,sùfï
wNHdij,g miqj hxYh yd rldrdxYh fhÿKq wl=re iys; jpk
we;=<;a ir, jdlH yd fþo lshùu yd ,sùug wod< wNHdi ilia
lr isiqka l%shdldrlïys fhdojkak'

29
 ms,s Ndú;fha § isiqka ksjerÈ j wjfndaO lr fkd.;a wjia:d fjf;d;a
Bg wjYH m%;sfmdaIK l%shdldrlï .=rejrhd úiska ilia lr isiqka
tajdfhys ksr; lrúh hq;= h'
Wod ( 1' zmdms,af,a m%fNao ;=kZ ms<sn| wjfndaOh ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh
lsÍu i|yd"
)) wïud ;=U lrú, ;=kg lmd ;=kmy od rig bjqjd h'
)) uqoaor tl;= lsÍu uqÈ;f.a úfkdaodxYhhs'
)) reÑr rejkaje,a, uyd úÿyf,a bf.kqu ,nhs'
)) rejka fmd<g f.dia uqrex.d iy ;=Ulrú, f.kdfõ h'

2' zre$/Z Ndú;h ms<sn| wjfndaOh ;j ÿrg;a j¾Okh lsÍu

i|yd"
)) rejks rejkamqrfhka re,x w¿jd f.kdjd h'
)) mdi, /l n,d .ekSu wð;af.a /lshdjhs'
)) rejks kdgHhl /ðkf.a pß;h rÕ oelajQjd h'

úrdu ,l=Kq y÷kajd §u

1' ;s; ^ ' &
² z;s;Z kej;Sfï ,l=K f,i lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh
lrkak'
²² tu fþofha z;s;Z kej;Sfï ,l=K f,i fhÿKq ;eka wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² jdlH wjidkh yeÕùu i|yd z;s;Z fhfok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² tu fþoh lshjd z;s;Z fhfok wdldrh kej; wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² kej;Sfï ,l=Kg wjOdkh fhduq lrñka isiqka iuÕ o tu fþoh kej;
lshjkak'
²² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j lshùug fokak'
²² tu fþofha jdlH folla n,d ,sùug;a" jdlH folla wid ,sùug;a fokak'
²² isik
q a z;s;Z ksjerÈ j fhdokafka ±hs ;lafiare lr wjYH m%;f
s mdaIK ,nd fokak'
²² z;s;Z kej;Sfï ,l=Kla f,i fuka u my; i|yka wjia:dj, § o fhdok njg
WodyrK iys; j isik q g
a meyeÈ,s lrkak'
a , kdu" uq,Zl=re yd ;s; ^'& fh§u'
²² mqo.
Wod ( fÊ'ta' mis÷ ks¾udK
²² kduhla flá lr oelaùfï § ;s; ^'& fh§u'
Wod ( ) ,x'.'u' ^,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h&
)) re'30$} ^remsh,a 30$}&

30
2' m%Yakd¾: ,l=K ^@&
² m%Yakd¾: ,l=K lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² zm%Yakd¾: ,l=KZ fmkajd ta ms<sn| j wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² m%Yak wik jdlHj, w." m%Yakd¾: ,l=K fhdok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² m%Yakd¾:h fhÿKq jdlH lshùfï § o úrduh ;eìh hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² ,sùfï § o m%Yak wik jdlHj, jdlH wjidkfha m%Yakd¾: ,l=K fhÈh hq;=
nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² m%Yakd¾: ,l=K fhÿKq jdlH ,sùug fokak'

3' fldudj ^ " &

² zfldudjZ ,l=K lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² zfldudjZ ,l=K fmkajd ta ms<sn| j wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² jdlHhla wjika ùug fmr ;nk úrduh i|yd fldudj fhdok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² fldudj ,l=K fhÿKq jdlH ,sùug fokak'
—
4' hq., Wvq fldud ^ — &
²² hq., Wvq fldud lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² zhq., Wvq fldudZ fmkajd ta ms<sn| wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² hul= úiska l< m%ldYhla" hulska Wmqgd .ekSula i|yd jk fldgila fmkaùug
hq., Wvq fldud fhdok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² fþoh kej; kej;;a lshjñka hq., Wvq fldud fhfok ia:dkj, § lshjk
wdldrh ms<sn| wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² hq., Wvq fldudj,g wjOdkh fhduq lrñka isiqka iuÕ o lsysm jrla tu fþoh
lshjkak'
²² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² lshùï fmdf;a hq., Wvq fldud fhÿKq fldgia kej; kej; lshùfï wNHdij,
isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

5' úiauhdÈ ,l=K ^ æ &

²² úiauhdÈ ,l=K lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² zúiauhdÈ ,l=KZ fmkajd ta ms<sn| j wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² úiauhla ±kùug" m%d¾:khla yeÕùug" i;=gla ±kùug" fYdalhla yeÕùug
úiauhdÈ ,l=K fhdok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² úiauhdÈ ,l=K fhdok by; wjia:d fjk fjk u fþo uÕska ,nd § lshùu
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² úiauhdÈ ,l=K flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka isiqka iuÕ o lsysm jrla fþo
lshjkak'

31
 ²² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² lshùï fmdf;a úiauhdÈ ,l=K fhÿKq fldgia kej; kej; lshùfï wNHdij,
isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

6' ir, jryka ^ &

²² ir, jryk lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² zir, jrykZ fmkajd ta ms<sn| j wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² m%ldYkhl hï ;ekl w¾:h meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd fyda wu;r f;dr;=rla ±laùu
i|yd fyda jpkhla" jdlHhla ke;fyd;a jdlH lsysmhla w;rg fh§fï § ir,
jryk fhdok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² fþoh kej; kej; lshjñka ir, jryk fhfok wjia:dj, § lshjk wdldrh
wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² ir, jrykg wjOdkh fhduq lrñka isik
q a iuÕ o lsym
s jrla tu fþoh lshjkak'
²² isiqkag ;ks ;ks j lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

7' flá br ^--&

²² flá br lsysm jrla we;=<;a fþohla f.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² flá br fmkajd ta ms<sn| wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² ld,mßÉfþo" msgq wxl wdÈh b,lalfuka oelaùfï § flá br fhfok nj meyeÈ,s
lr fokak'
Wod ( jhi wjq' 5-11 f;la
msgq wxl 1-3 f;la
²² fma<shl fl<jfrys iïmQ¾K mohla i|yd bv m%udKh uÈ jQ wjia:djl" tys
fhÈh yels wjidk wl=rg miq j flá br fhfok nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod (
uu fmdf;ys i`o-
yka jdlHhla ,shñ'

²² fþoh kej; kej; lshjñka flá br fhfok wjia:d wjOdrKh lrkak'

8'
²² ;s;" m%Yakd¾: ,l=K" fldudj" hq., Wvq fldudj" úiauhdÈ ,l=K" ir, jryka"
flá br hk úrdu ,l=Kq i|yka fþo lshùï fmdf;ka fyda fjk;a f;dard.;a
fþohlska$ilia lr.;a fþohlska fyda f;dardf.k lshùu wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq Ndú;h ms<sn| j lreKq isysm;a lrkak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq iys; flá fþo ,nd § by; i|yka úrdu ,l=Kq i,l=Kq lsÍug
wjia:dj fokak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq fhdod n,d ,sùfï wNHdi fokak'

32
²² wid ,sùfï § úrdu ,l=Kq fhdod ,sùfï wNHdi ,nd fokak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq flfrys ie,ls,su;a j lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq fkdfh¥ flá jdlH ,nd § iqÿiq úrdu ,l=Kq fh§ug wjia:dj
fokak'
²² úrdu ,l=Kq fkdfh¥ flá jdlH iys; ir, fþo ,nd § iqÿiq úrdu ,l=Kq
fh§fï wNHdij, isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

Yío k`.d fõ.fhka ksjerÈ j lshùu" Yío k`.d ye`.ïS m%ldY

jk mßÈ lshùu" ksYY a ío j lshùu iy úrdu ,laIK ms<n s |j
ie,ls,us ;a fjñka fõ.fhka lshùu i|yd mia jk fY%‚a h lshùï
fmdf;a mdvï fhdod .kak'

33
 L2 S2 R2 W2

bf.kqï m,
²² ir, fPaohlg wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka oS wik m%Yakj,g ksjerÈ j ms<s;=re
imhhs'
²² ir, fþohlg wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ijka oS wka;¾.;fhka lshfjk woyi
m%ldY lrhs'
²² ir, fþohla lshjd tys iqúfYaI lreKq Wmqgd olajhs'
²² ir, .S;hlg ijka § wik m%Yakj,g wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ksjerÈ j ms<s;=re
imhhs'

l%shdldrlu 01 ^t<suyka l%shdldrluls&

mshjr 1 (
²² wvljhla wdldrhg isiqka fm< .iajkak'
²² .=rejrhd lshjk fþohg ijka §ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
²² .=rejrhd my; i|yka fþoh fojrla Yío k`.d lshjkak'
wms frdao mdr Èf.a jkh ;=<g ßx.=fjuq' f;drf;daxÑhla ke;s j kef`.k
l=re¨ .S;fhka ksye`ähdj uelS hhs' ñksia lgy~la wikakg ke;s neúka
l=re¨ .S;h jqj o is; i,s; lrùfï n,hla ,nd we;' .ia folla tlg
we;s,,
a S kef`.k l%xS ' ' ' l%xS ' ' ' kdoh .ia w;ßka ßx.d wE;g u Èj hhs'
w;af;ka w;a;g mksk ß<d j÷re fiakdj wm foi n,d isákafka wm ìh
.kajk ú,dihlsk's lka ìysß lrjk /yehs kdoh jk .efí md`Mjg
;¾ckhla jqj o is; ;=< rchk md`Mj ìh uqiq ye`.ï = ckkh lrjhs'
jfka we÷Kq msh igyka
mshfiak ly|.uf.a
²² i
siqka wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka ÿkakd ±hs ksÍCIKh lsÍu i|yd jdÑl m%Yak
lsysmhla wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) ksye`ähdj uelS hkafka l=ulska o @
)) wikakg fkdue;s hehs i|yka j we;af;a l=uk y~ o @
)) l%Sx ' ' ' l%Sx ' ' ' hehs kdohla ksl=;a jkafka flf,il o @
mshjr 2 (
²² by; i|yka fþoh msgm;a lr isiqkag msgm; ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd fþofha m<uq jk jdlHh lshjkak'
²² isiqka ish¨ fokdg u tla j B<Õ jdlHh lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
²² isiqka lshjQ jdlHhg miq j ;sfnk jdlHh .=rejrhd lshjkak'
²² fï wdldrhg .=rejrhd iy isiqka udrefjka udrejg jdlHh lshjñka fþoh
iïmQ¾Kfhka lshjkak'

34
mshjr 3 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'
²² .=rejrhd ,nd fok ix{djlg wkqj tla lKavdhul m<uq j isák isiqjdg
fþofha m<uq jk jdlHh lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² lKavdhfï B<`.g isák isiqjdg fojk jdlHh lshùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg fþoh iïmQ¾K jk f,i lKavdhfï ish¨ u isiqkaf.ka lshùu
,nd .kak'
²² wk;=re j by; mßÈ fojk lKavdhfuka o lshùu ,nd .kak'
²² fþoh lshùug fmr my; i|yka Wmfoia isiqkag ,nd fokak'
Wmfoia ( ) Yío k`.d lshúh hq;= nj
)) ksjerÈ j jpk WÉpdrKh l< hq;= nj
)) WÑ; fõ.fhka lshùu l< hq;= nj
)) wka;¾.;fha woyig wkqj yeÕSï m%ldY úh hq;= nj
²² by; i|yka ks¾Kdhl Tiafia wvq u ld,hla ;=< lshjk ,o lKavdhu ch.%dyS
lKavdhu jk nj isiqkag mjikak'
²² lKavdhï foflys isiqkaf.ka lshùu i|yd wvq u ld,hla .; lrk lKavdhu
ch.%dyS lKavdhu f,i kï lrkak'
²² fuh l%Svdjla wdldrhg mj;ajkak'
mshjr 4 (
²² fþoh weiqfrka wikq ,nk m%Yk a lsyms hlg ms<;
s r
= e ,sùug isik
q g
a wjia:dj ,nd
fokak'
Wod ( ) frdao mdr Èf.a .sfha fldydg o @
)) f;drf;daxÑhla ke;s j kef`.kafka l=ula o @
)) is; i,s; lsÍfï n,hla we;af;a l=ulg o @
)) ìh .kajk ú,dihlska n,d isákafka ljqreka o @
)) is;g ìh uqiq ye`.Sï we;s jkafka l=ula ksid o@
mshjr 5 (
²² fþofha we;=<;a jdlH ;=kla wid ,sùug fokak'

l%shdldrlu 02
mshjr 01 (
²² my; i|yka fþoh isiqkag fojrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
tla w;lska uqyoq g;a" wfkla w;ska úYd, kÈhlg;a" ueÈ jQ wfma .ï
fmfoi" l=vd ìï ;Srhls' fmd,a .iska o fo,a .iska o fijK jQ" w;a;k"
lSvdrï" n¨k.=g" lyô,shd" nqre,a," lsß,a," .|mdk hk wdÈfhka fyjqKq
le,E frdoj,a nyq, ìï fmfoia yer" wm is;a .;a iqÿ je,s ;,d we;s jk
frdola o tys ù h' lcq" udoka" wU hk wdÈ .iaj,g jeä úYd, jDlaIhka
fkdjQj o" fkdfhla j¾.fha mlaIk S a o" ydjqka o" f,fykqka o" i¾mhka o"
uq.áhka o" W.=vj
q ka o" j,a óhka o jdih lrk .kj jevqKq wem, m÷re"
trñkshd iy .|mdk wl=,"a fndaúáhd f.duq" tys nyq, ù h' fmar .iaj,

35
 fnfyúka fmar yg.;a kuqÿ bÿKq fmar f.ähla wmg lvd .kakg ,enqfKa
b;d u l,d;=rlsk's fmarhla hka;ï meiS ly mdg ùf.k tkq olsk
<uhsk"a th lvd .kakd neúks' tfy;a fld<fha u mdáka fjka fkdl<
yels wuq fmar f.ä" <uhskf a .a weiaj,g yiq fkdù ie`. ù fld< wiafia
ie`.ùu ksid" lyjg yqre r;=mdg jk f;la bÿKq fmar f.ähla fidhd
.;a úg" wm m%;
S s jQfha" ueKsla .rk ñksyl= f,dl= r;= leghla ,;a úg m%;
S s
jkakdla fuks'
wfma .u
ud¾áka úl%uisxy
²² fþoh weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr.kak'
²² tu m%Yak isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) .ï fmfoi l=vd ìï ;Srhla ù we;af;a l=ula ksid o @
)) le,E frdoj, ;snqKq .ia fudkjd o @
)) l,d;=rlska bÿKq fmar f.ähla lvd .kakg isÿ ù we;af;a wehs @
mshjr 2 (
²² by; fþofha msgm; ne.ska isiqkag ,nd fokak'
²² fþoh lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd kï lrk isiqfjl=g fþofhka fldgila lshjk f,ig mjikak'
²² .=rejrhd ix{djla ,nd ÿka miq fþoh lshùu k;r lrk f,ig Wmfoia fokak'
²² wk;=re j wyUq f,i kï lrk ,o isiqfjl=g fmr lshjk ,o isiqjd k;r l<
ia:dkfha isg lshùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg mka;sfha ieu isiqfjl=g u fþoh lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
mshjr 3 (
²² isiqkag kej; fþoh lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² tla tla isiqjdf.ka lshùu ,nd .kak'
²² fþoh lshùug fmr my; i|yka Wmfoia isiqkag ,nd fokak'
Wmfoia ( ) Yío k`.d lshúh hq;= nj
) ksjerÈ j jpk WÉpdrKh l< hq;= nj
) WÑ; fõ.fhka lshùu l< hq;= nj
)) wka;¾.;fha woyig wkqj yeÕSï m%ldY úh hq;= nj
²² by; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl Tiafia wvq u ld,hla ;=< lshjk isij
q d ch.%yKh ,nk
nj mjikak'
²² i
eu isiqfjl=f.ka u lshùu ,ndf.k wvq u ld,hla ;=< by; ks¾Kdhlj,g
wod< j lshjQ isiqjd ch.%dyS isiqjd f,i kï lrkak'
²² fuh l%Svdjla wdldrhg mj;ajkak'

36
mshjr 4 (
²² my; i|yka jdlH yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² tu jdlH ksYaYío j lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² wk;=re j fþohg wod< jdlH muKla f;dard wNHdi fmdf;ys ,sùug isiqkag
Wmfoia fokak'
)) wfma .u le,E frdols'
)) wfma .u l=vd ìï ;Srhls'
)) wfma .fï le,E frdoj,a nyq, ìï fmfoia fjhs'
)) wfma .fï iqÿ je,s;,d ìï fndfyda h'
)) iqÿ je,s;,d we;s jk frdola tys úh'
)) iqÿ je,s;,d we;s .x.d ;Srhla tys úh'
)) wem, m÷re" trñkshd" .|mdk wl=,a iy fndaúáhd f.duq nyq, úh'
)) w;a;k" lsvdrï" n¨k`.=g .ia le,E frdfoys fkdù h'
)) hka;ï lymdg jqKq fmar <uhs lv;s'
)) hka;ï lymdg jqKq fmar <uhs fkdlv;s'
)) <uhskaf.a weiaj,g yiq fkdjQ fmar" fld< wiafia meiS b§ ;sfnhs'
)) lyjg yqre r;= mdg jk f;la bÿKq fmar f.ähla lsisúfgl fidhd .;
fkdyels h'

mshjr 5 (
²² by; i|yka fþofhka f;dard.;a jdlH ;=kla wid ,sùug fokak'

l%shdldrlu 03
mshjr 01 (
²² y~ mghla weiqfrka my; i|yka .S;h isiqkag foj;djla ijka §ug i,iajkak'

.S;h

pQá l=re,a,ks pQá ná;a;ks - mshdi,d wyfia

rxpq .eiS mshUkak b;ska Tn - ,iaik wdldfia
lkao Wäka wr ,iaik ysre ke`. - f,dj u t<sh lrkd
l=re¨ y`äka uq`M f,dj u wjÈ lr - oji Wod fjkjd
lSÑ îÑ .d pQá l=re,af,da - pQá .S; .hf;hs
.S; .hd ta pQá l=re,af,da - jkakul=;a kgf;hs
.S; .hd,d jkakï kg,d - f,dj u wjÈ lrf;hs
pQá nnd,d taj n,d,d - i;=gq is;ska ke<fjhs
mo rpkh - wfíiS, r;akdhl

37
 ²² .S;h weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr .kak'
²² isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) wyfia mshdi,kafka ljqreka o @
)) oji Wod jQ nj lshfjk .S; fldgi l=ula o @
)) pQá l=re,a,ka .S; .ehSfuka miq j lrkafka l=ula o @

mshjr 2 (
²² isiqka lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
²² .S;fha msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqka iu`. .S;h ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'
²² wk;=re j tla tla lKavdhïj,g .S;h .dhkd lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3 (
²² my; i|yka mejreï mf;ys msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² .S;hg wkqj isÿjk isÿùï wxl fhdod fm< .eiaùug Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

)) pQá l=re,af,da .S; .h;s' ^ &

)) l=re¨ y`äka f,dj u wjÈ fjhs' ^ &

)) pQá l=re,af,da rxpq .eiS wyfia mshdU;s' ^ &

)) lkao Wäka ysre ke`. ths' ^ &

)) pQá nnd,d tajd n,d i;=áka ke<fj;s' ^ &

)) pQá l=re,af,da jkakul=;a kg;s' ^ &

38
l%shdldrlu 04
mshjr 1 (
²² y~ mghla weiqßka my; i|yka .S;h foj;djla muK isiqkag ijka §ug
i,iajkak'

.S;h

lshkak iq<f`.a Tn fldys isg foda tkafka

ießka ief¾ fyñka weú;a yhsfhka hkafka $$
fldfyka fldfydu wdj;a fudlg o úuikafka
jkka;f¾ Tn oel ke;s ;eklsks tkafka
yuk ;d,hg o .fya w;= fld< kegqfõ
w;r u`. È Tn tk úg fudkj o ÿgqfõ
f.dm¨ mqf;la .shd Wfoa .j /, olald
ug w; jk jk l=Uqrla kegq yeá oelald
iu`.s fj,d ;ek ;ek hkjd¨ tl /f,a
le,h ueo È i;a;= oelafl keoao u|kf,a
l=re¨ ujla ke;sjqKq fmdä megfjl= fijqjd
;=re¨ lrka uqj fok meáhg lsß fmjqjd
nqÿkaf. isßmd we;s hehs f,dj mrisoao
iuka .sr jfÜ iq<f`.a Tn .sfh keoao
Tn;a <ufhd fï wykafk fudkj o ukaod
wo;a WoEik ud isßmdoh jekaod
rg;a n,d yeug isis, fno fno fokak
ug;a weyels kï Tn fuka ;ek ;ek hkak
mo rpkh - lreKdr;ak wfífialr
.dhkh - ,s,ka;s lreKdr;ak iy wekia,s udf,jk

²² .S;h weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr.kak'

²² isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) .S;uh ixjdoh isÿ jkafka ljqreka w;r o @
)) iq<`. tkafka fldfya isg o @
)) iq<`. w;ru`. § ÿgqjd hehs mjikafka fudkjd o @
)) iq<`. ÿgq i;a;= ljqreka o @
)) iq<`.la jQjd kï fyd| hehs <uhdg is;=fKa wehs @

39
mshjr 2 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'
²² .S;fha msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd mka;sfha isiqka iuÕ .S;h ;d,hg .dhkd lrkak'
²² t
la lKavdhula z­<uhdf.aZ fldgi;a wfkla lKavdhu z­iq<f`.aZ fldgi;a f,i
.S;h .dhkd lsÍug i,iajkak'
²² wk;=re j lKavdhï fol ixjdouh fldgia fol udre lrñka .S;h .dhkd
lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 3 (
²² my; i|yka mejreï mf;ys msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² mejreu lsÍu i|yd wod< Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

my; i|yka jdlH lshjd yß kï ^√& ,l=K o" jerÈ kï ^×&

,l=K o jryka ;=< ,shkak'

)) iq<`. meñfKkafka jkka;f¾ isg hs' ^ &

)) .iaj, w;= fld< kegqfõ jeiai ksid h' ^ &

)) f.dm¨ mqf;la le,Ejg .sfha h' ^ &

)) l=re¨ uj fijqfõ ;u fmdä megjd h' ^ &

)) uqj fok meáhd iu`. fodf<ka j;=r ìjqjd h' ^ &

40
 L3 S3

bf.kqï m,
²² <ud lú" .S;j,g ijka § thska lshfjk woyi mjihs'
²² <ud l;kaorj,g ijka § wka;¾.;h ms<sn| idlÉPd lrhs'
²² úoHd m%nkaOj,g ijka § wka;¾.;h ms<sn| ixjdofha fhfohs'
²² fõÈld kdgHhla krUd thska lshfjk woyi mjihs'
²² Ñ;%mghla krUd tys we;=<;a isoaê ms<sn| l;d lrhs'
²² pß;dfrdams; j l;d lsÍfï l=i,;dj j¾Okh lr .kshs'

<ud lú
l%shdldrlu 1
mshjr 1
²² my; i|yka lú fm< iqÿiq wdldrhlg lsysm jrla isiqkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² wk;=re j isiqka iu`. o lsysm jrla lú fm< .dhkd lrkak'

uf.a rg
fmr È. f,dalfha nn<k uq;= weg h
mK we;s uyd iuqÿre mjqfrka jg h
fy< Èjhsk uf.hs ud bmÿK rg h
f,dj wka ish¨ Èjhska fïlg hg h

uyje,s - le,‚ - j,fõ - l`M hk .x.d

iuk< lkao uqÿfka isg mek kex.d
nEjqï ;eks;,d fy,a w;ßka ßx.d
fïjd .,hs ñ‚ leg Èh hg yx.d

w.kd ÿ,n jk u,a f.duq we; neoafoa

;=re u; l=re,a,kaf.a iqñysß ioafoa
óÿï mg, fmr jQ ks,a l÷ ueoafoa
iS;, ߧ Èhje,a my<g weoafoa

wjqlk - .,a fjfyr we; uy ms<su ;ekQ

iQlsß jf.hs mq;a;,fï ñÿKq ¨Kq
iS.sß .f,a is;=jï f,dj mqÿu jqKq
wdvïnrhs f,dajduy myfh lKq

41
 reyqfKa l=Uqre ire idrhs tl ySh hs
ñkafkaßfha ckmohhs fj,a hdh hs
rcrg m<df;a muKla jeõ iSh hs
fïjd n,kakg fuka br y| mdh hs

yßhg kshu ld,h ;=< jysk jeiS

kj ;U mdg je,a,la yeu ;ek u ÈiS
Èjhsk uf.hs uq`M f,dalh lrk jiS
oK ìu Tnd ks;r u keuÿug ksiS

mS' î' w,aúia fmf¾rd

²² lú fm< weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr.kak'

²² isiqkaf.ka m%Yak wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) iS;, ߧ Èhje,a my<g wefokafka fldfya isg o @
)) ñÿKq ¨Kq iudk lr we;af;a fudkjdg o @
)) jeõ iShla we;af;a fldfya o @

<ud .S;
l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka .S;h iqÿiq wdldrhlg isiqkag lsysm jrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² isiqka iuÕ tla j .S;h ;d,dkqrEm j .dhkd lrkak'

.S;h
wlafl álla bkakflda - weúÈka b|.kakflda
mqxÑ l;djla lshkak ;sfhkjd $$
u,a,s kslx bkakflda - ug hkakg fokakflda
f.or fodf¾ jevm, ug ;sfhkjd $$
u,a,s yß u o`.ldrhs - lshk lsis;a foa kdihs
wlal yß u lgldrhs - wdorhla ke;s .dkhs
fyda ' ' '
w;k fu;k fi,a,ug u uq`M oji u f.jkjd
ta uÈjg f.or weú;a ug lror lrkjd
wlal kslx fllal jf.hs - fydhkafk uf. jerÈ u hs
Tfydu ;ry .;af;da;ska - blaukg u kdls fjhs

42
 u,a,s kslx bkakflda - ug bkakg fokakflda
wlafl álla bkakflda - weúÈka b|.kakflda
u,a,s yß u o`.ldrhs - lshk lsis;a foa kdihs
wlal yß u lgldrhs - wdorhla ke;s .dkhs
fyda ' ' ' '
ysákak wïud tk ;=re - lrjkakx fyd| jevla
f.or fodf¾ jev yskaod - ug ´jg kE bvla
uu keye nh fjkafk wlafl - fõje, we; yx.,d
wïud wdofrhs fk ug - fudkj l<;a wlal,d
wlafl álla ' ' '
u,a,s kslx ' ' '
mo rpkh ( u¾úka fiakdr;ak

²² .S;h ms<sn| j isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'

²² tys § wlaldf.a yd u,a,sf.a yeisÍu biau;= jk wdldrhg idlÉPdj fufyhjkak'

mshjr 2 (
²² .S;h weiqßka m%Yak lsysmhla ilia lr .kak'
²² tu m%Yak isiqkaf.ka wid ms<s;=re ,nd.kak'
Wod ( ) fuu .S;fha we;=<;a pß; fudkjd o@
)) u,a,S wlaldg weúÈka b|.kakg lshkafka wehs@
)) u,a,S mjik fohg wlald wjk; fkdjkafka wehs@
)) —u,a,s o`.ldrhs˜ lshkafka wehs@

<ud l;d
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² lshùï fmdf;a we;=<;a —b;=re if;ag˜ l;djg ijka §ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
²² l;dj rij;a wdldrhg isiqkag mjikak'
²² l;dfjka .uH jk woyi iy l;kaorfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iuÕ
idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 2
²² l;dj weiqfrka ilia lr .;a m%Yak lsysmhla isiqkaf.ka wid ms<s;=re ,nd
.kak'

43
úoHd m%nkaO
l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 (
²² — úoHd m%nkaO˜ hkq hïlsis .fõIKYS,S úoHd;aul w;aoelSula rij;a whqßka ,shd
we;s l;djlg nj isiqkag ir, j meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
²² ta wkqj —úoHd m%nkaO˜ l=;+y,h okjk" fuf;la fmr fkdú¢ wmQ¾j úoHd;aul
w;aoelSula ms<sn| úia;r flfrkakla njg o meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
²² mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² lshùfï fmdf;a we;=<;a zl=re¨ ñ;=rdZ mdvu wdo¾Y lshùul ksr; jkak'
²² tys § l=;+y,h wjOdrKh jk mßÈ iy isiqkaf.a wjOdkh r|jd .ekSug iu;a
jk mßÈ lshjkak'

mshjr 3
²² úoHd m%nkaOfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPdjl fhfokak'
²² fuys we;s úoHd;aul jdxud,dj l;d rihg ndOdjla fkdjk mßÈ ir, j
meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² úoHd m%nkaOh fldgia jYfhka isiqkag lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
²² m%nkaOh weiqfrka ilia lr.;a ir, m%Yak wid ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) T,aikaf.a wNHjldY hdkhg f.kd l=re,a,d y÷kajd we;af;a ljr
kulska o @
)) tu l=re,a,d wyfia /£ isáfha l=ukdldrfhka o @
)) ly msydgq .=<h
s la ù ;snK
q q l=re,a,dg kej; mK ,enqfKa l=ula ksidfjka
o@

úoHd m%nkaOh ri ú£u muKla fuys uQ,l s wruqK jk w;r" bka wfmalI a d
lrkqfha fuu jhfia isik q a l=;y
+ ,h iu`. ,nd .kakd w;aoelSï rij;a f,i
ú£ug fhduq lsÍfï uQ,l s wä;d,ula oeóu mu‚' fujka idys;H m%nkaO fldgia
mßYS,kfhka isik q f
a .a lshùfï reÑh j¾Okhg bv ie,fia' fuu jhfia §
fujeks foa uÕska oekqu úuiSug ,sÅ; m%Yk a ,nd §u lsiÿs úfgl fkdl< hq;= h'
úoHd m%nkaOfha we;s úoHd;aul jpkj, w¾:h úuiSu fyda jdxud,dj iïnkaO
j m%Yk
a úuiSu fyda fkdlrkak'

44
fõÈld kdgH
l%shdldrlu 5
mshjr 1
²² fõÈldjl r`. olajk kdgH —fõÈld kdgH˜ f,i y÷kajk nj isiqkag meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
²² kdgHfha tk pß;j,g .e<fmk f,i we÷ï we£u" fjia .ekaùï iy fõÈld
ieris,s hkdÈh o fõÈld kdgHhl iqúfYaI foa nj;a" pß;j,g Tìk f,i
r`.oelaùu" .dhkh" miqìï jdokh" wdf,dallrKh wdÈfhka o fõÈld kdgHhla
iukaú; jk nj;a mjiñka fõÈld kdgHhl miqìu ir, j wjfndaO lrjkak'
²² fõÈld kdgH ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lsÍfuka wfmalaId lrkqfha zfõÈld kdgHZ ms<sn|
jk w;aoelSï ,nd .ekSug isiqkag myiq lsÍu ñi ta weiqfrka isiqkaf.a oekqu
msßlaiSug fkdjk nj i,lkak'

mshjr 2
²² fidau,;d iqnisxyf.a —mqxÑ wmg oeka f;afrhs˜ fõÈld kdgH keröug isiqkag
wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 3
²² kdgHh ms<sn| j isiq woyia úuikak'
²² —fõÈld kdgHfha˜ wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² tys § tla tla pß;" isoaê iy kdgHfhka bÈßm;a lrk m‚úvh ms<sn| j;a jeä
wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka idlÉPdj fufyhjkak'

mshjr 4
²² kdgHh weiqfrka ilia lr.;a m%Yak lsysmhlg ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) fuu kdgHfha isák pß; ljf¾ o@
)) lïue<slu wy,l j;a ke;af;a ldf.a o@
)) lkakg lsis u fohla fkdue;s j l=iais .dfka weúoafoa ljqreka o@
)) —ù lr,la˜ ÿgq l=l=¿ ydñg is;=fKa l=ula o@
)) msá fldgd" msá y,d idokafka l=ula o@
)) fuu kdgHfhka fok WmfoaYh l=ula o @

ukfia ri úkaokh we;s lr,Sfuka isiqka l,djg fhduq lsÍu" fuu kdgHh
u.ska wfmalaId flfrhs'
pß; úuiSu" wjia:d iïnkaOh fyda kdgHh weiqfrka oekqu úuiSug ,sÅ;
m%Yak ,nd §u fyda kdgH fm< lgmdvï .ekSu fyda wdÈh lsisÿ úfgl
wfmalaId fkdflfrhs'

45
Ñ;%mg
l%shdldrlu 6
mshjr 1
²² bkaÈl *¾äkekavfq .a iskud rpkh yd wOHlaIKh lrk ,o —fyda .dkd fmdl=K˜
Ñ;%mgh isiqkag keröug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2
²² Ñ;%mgh keröfuka miq j tys we;=<;a jQ l;dj ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPdjl
fhfokak'
²² tys we;=<;a jQ isoaê u;lhg kxjñka ta ms<sn| j isiqkag ;u woyia oelaùug
u`. fmkajkak'

mshjr 3
²² Ñ;%mgh weiqfrka ir, m%Yak lsysmhla wid isiqkaf.ka jdÑl m%;spdr ,nd .kak'
Wod ( ) l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha ks,Odß uy;d mdi,g f.kdfõ l=ula o @
)) Wmq,S Wfoa /iaùfï § l;d lf<a l=ula ms<sn| j o @
)) ciaáka ududg ud¾. ix{d mdvï b.ekaùug <uhska uykais jQfha wehs @

ukfia ri úkaokh we;s lr,Su;a" l,d reÑl;ajh j¾Okh lr,Su;a" ieye,a¨

udkisl;ajhla we;s lsÍu;a Ñ;%mgh keröfuka wfmalaId flf¾'
wjia:d iïnkaO m%Yak ,nd §u fyda Ñ;%mgh úpdrh lsÍug m%Yak ,nd §u
fyda oekqu úuiSug ,sÅ; m%Yak ,nd §u fyda fuu úIh wka;¾.;fhka lsisÿ
úfgl wfmalaId fkdflfrhs'

pß;dfrdams; j l;d lsÍu ^mqoa.,fhla$fohla ;ud hehs is;d l;d lsÍu&

l%shdldrlu 7
mshjr 1
²² mqoa.,fhl=$if;l=$fohla f,i kï lsysmhla my; i|yka wdldrhg fjka fjka
j lvodisj, ,shd frda,a lr n÷klg oud iQodkï lr .kak'
Wod (
uu .ila fjñ'

uu iq<Õla fjñ'

uu ó ueiafila fjñ'

uu .=rejßhla$.=rejrfhla fjñ'

uu mEkla fjñ'

²² by; ud;Dld yer fjk;a ud;Dldjla weiqfrka pß;dfrdams; l;djla wdo¾Ykh

lr fmkajkak'

46
 Wod ( uu mqj;am;la fjñ'
)) lvodis yd ;Ska; fhdodf.k uu uqøK hka;%fhka Wm; ,nkjd'
)) rfÜ isÿ jk jeo.;a isÿ ùï" fjkialï yd oekaùï wdÈh uf.ka oek
.kak mq¿jka'
)) f,dl= l=vd ieu fokdf.a u oekqu j¾Okh i|yd uu úYd, fufyjrla
bgq lrkjd'
)) rg rgj, f;dr;=re o ud ksid yeu fokdg u oek .kak mq¿jka'
)) úúO f;dr;=re ,nd §ug uu b;d m%fhdackj;a ld¾hhla bgq lrkjd'

mshjr 2
²² .=rejrhd isÿ l< wdo¾Ykh yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² .=rejrhdf.a l;dj wdo¾Ykhg f.k ;ud hehs is;d .;a foh ms<sn| j l;dj
ixúOdkh l< hq;= njg isiqkag mjikak'
²² tys § my; lreKq tlska tl .=rejrhdf.a l;dfjka WodyrK imhñka isiqkag
ir, j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
)) m<uq jk jdlHfhka ;ud ljfrlao hkak ms<sn| j wdl¾IŒh ye¢kaùula
l< hq;= nj
)) fojk" ;=ka jk iy y;r jk jdlHj,ska ;udf.ka isÿ jk fiajh" ;udf.a
ld¾hNdrh ms<sn| j úia;r l< hq;= nj
)) mia jk jdlHfhka ;udf.ka isÿ jk fufyh ;j ÿrg;a wjOdrKh jk mßÈ
;udf.a j.lSu" hq;l
= ï fkdwvq j bgq lsÍu isÿ lrk nj úYo jk iuia;h
wjOdrKh jk jdlHhla tl;= l< hq;= njg .=rejrhdf.a l;dfjka o WodyrK
imhñka b;d ir, j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 3
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² mshjr 01ys i|yka wjia:d tla tla lKavdhug tl ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² tla tla ud;Dldfõ i|yka mqoa.,hd$i;d$fofhys ld¾hNdrh iy jákdlu
isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² ;ud hehs is;d .;a mqoa.,hd$i;d$foh ms<sn| lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lsÍug
Wmfoia fokak'
²² tys § .=rejrhdf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka l;dj f.dvk`.d .; hq;= wdldrh iïnkaOfhka
isiqkag iydh olajkak'
²² lKavdhfï bÈßm;a lsÍula f,i l;dj bÈßm;a lrjkak'

47
 R3 W3

bf.kqï m,
²² <ud lú" .S; lshjd wik m%Yk a j,g wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ksjerÈ ms<;
s r
= e ,nd fohs'
²² <ud l;kaor lshjd wik m%Yakj,g ;¾ldkql+, j woyia bÈßm;a lrhs'
²² úoHd m%nkaO lshjd tys is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg k`.hs'
²² fõÈld kdgHhla krUd ta weiqfrka wik m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhhs'
²² Ñ;%mghla krUd tys is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg k`.hs'
²² pß;hlg wdfrdamKh ù wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ksjerÈ j lshjhs'$,shhs'
²² Ñ;% l;d lshjd ks¾udKYS,S woyia bÈßm;a lrhs

<ud lú
l%shdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 (
²² zuf.a rgZ lúfmf<ys msgm; ne.ska isiqkag ,nd fokak'
²² zuf.a rgZ lú fm< isiqkag lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
²² my; i|yka mejreu isiqkag ,nd § ms<s;=re ,sùug wjia:dj fokak'
1' m<uq jk lúfhka zuf.a rgZ y÷kajd we;af;a l=ula f,iska o@
2' zf,dalfha wka rgj,g jvd uf.a rg by< hZ hk woyi § we;s lú fma<sh
,shkak'
3' .S;fha i|yka j we;s mßÈ uyje,s" le,‚" l`M" j,fõ hk .x.d wdrïN
jk lkao kï lrkak'
4' uf.a rfÜ kduh f,dj mqÿu lrjQfha l=ula ksid o @
5' zuf.a rg lDIsld¾ñl rglaZ hehs lshfjk lúh Wmqgd ,shkak'

<ud .S;
l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 (
²² zwlafl álla bkakfldaZ .S;h isiqkag lshùug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2 (
²² my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,sùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( 1' zmqxÑ l;djla lshkak ;sfnk njZ mjid u,a,s wlaldg lrkakg lshkafka
l=ula o @
2' wlaldg u,a,sf.a l;d wikakg fõ,djla ke;af;a wehs @
3' u,a,S uq`M oji u f.jkafka l=ula lrñka o @
4' u,a,Sf.ka fíÍug neß jQ ;ek wlald mjikafka l=ula o @
5' u,a,Sf.a oÕldrlï .ek lshfjk wjia:d folla ,shkak'

48
<ud l;d
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² lshùï fmdf;a we;=<;a —b;=re if;ag˜ l;dj my; i|yka wdldrhg lshùug fhduq
lrkak'
²² wyUq f,i kï l< isiqfjl= mka;sh bÈßhg le|jkak'
²² —b;=re if;ag˜ mdvfï fldgila Yío kÕd lshùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg ish¨ u isiqka ksfhdackh jk mßÈ mdvu lshùug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 2
²² my; i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lr .kak'
²² l;dj weiqfrka ilid we;s m%Yk
a j,g ms<;
s r
= e ;s;a bß u; ,sùug isik
q g
a Wmfoia
fokak'

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re § we;s ;s;a bß u; ,shkak'

1' b;=re jqK if;ag uqo,d,s ÿkafka fudkjd o @
''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' of;ys /£ we;s ;s;a; ri ke;s lr .ekSug l=ula lf<a o @ ' '
''''''''''''''''''''
3' kx.S Wfoa mdkaoßka keÕsg ÿjkafka fldfyag o @
'''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' j;a; my< jeù we;af;a l=uk .ila o @
'''''''''''''' '''''''''''
5' fuu l;dfõ i|yka msßñ <uhd miq;efjkafka l=ula ksid o @
''''''''''''''''''''

úoHd m%nkaO
l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² lshùï fmdf;a we;=<;a zl=re¨ ñ;=rd Z hk úoHd m%nkaOh lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a
ld,hla isiqkag ,nd fokak''

mshjr 2 (
²² zl=re¨ ñ;=rd Z l;dfõ is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg ke`.Sug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'
²² tla tla isiqkag ;ud we¢ Ñ;%fha wjia:dj meyeÈ,s lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² lKavdhï ;=< we| we;s Ñ;% m%o¾Yk mqjrejg .kak'
²² ish¨ u isiqkag Ñ;% keröug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

49
fõÈld kdgH
l%shdldrlu 5
mshjr 1 (
²² zmqxÑ wmg oeka f;afrhsZ mdvu lshjd .ekSug isik
q g
a m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

mshjr 2 (
²² my; i|yka mejreï m; ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² i|yka j we;s m%ldYh yß kï z√Z ,l=K o" jerÈ kï z«Z ,l=K o fh§ug
Wmfoia fokak'

²² yß kï z√ Z ,l=K o" jerÈ kï z«Z ,l=K o jryka ;=< fhdokak'

)) br mdhk wdrxÑh .ug lsjqfõ nluQKd h' ^ &
)) l=l=¿ ydñ jevg m,g leu;s h' ^ &
)) ó ydñ,d y;a fofkla isá;s' ^ &
)) ó ydñ,d l=l=¿ ydñf.a úia;r wid ;snqKs' ^ &
)) u,a md;a;sh l=l=¿ ydñf.a ksji fmkaùh' ^ &
)) l=l=¿ ydñ ó ydñ,dg wldre‚l úh' ^ &
)) ó ydñ,d ù fldgd f.k taug h;s' ^ &
)) l=l=¿ ydñ msá flgqfõ h' ^ &
)) ó ydñ,d §is /f.k lejqï lkakg .shy' ^ &
)) l=l=¿ ydñ ;ks j u lejqï lEfõ h' ^ &

Ñ;%mg
l%shdldrlu 6
mshjr 1
²² zfyda .dkd fmdl=KZ Ñ;%mgh krUd tys is;a .;a wjia:djla Ñ;%hg keÕSug
isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

pß;dfrdams; j lshùu yd ,sùu

l%shdldrlu 7
mshjr 1
²² pß;dfrdams; j l;d lsÍu i|yd .=rejrhd l< wdo¾Ykh yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² ta i|yd ,sÅ; jHjydrh fhdod .kak'
Wod ( uu mqj;a m;la fjñ
)) lvodis yd ;Ska; fhdodf.k uu uqøK hka;%fhka Wm; ,nñ'
)) rfÜ isÿ jk jeo.;a isÿùï" fjkialï yd oekaùï wdÈh uÕska oek.; yels h'
)) f,dl= l=vd ieu fokdf.a u oekqu j¾Okh i|yd uu úYd, fufyjrla
bgq lrñ'
)) rg rgj, f;dr;=re o ud ksid ieu fofkl=g u oek .; yels h'
)) úúO f;dr;=re ,nd §ug uu b;d m%fhdackj;a ld¾hhla bgq lrñ'

50
 ²² .=rejrhd th lsysm jrla lshjkak'
²² isiqkag o lsysm jrla lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
²² tu wdo¾Ykfhys jdlH f.dvk`.d we;s ms<sfj< kej; wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² jdlH ,sùfï § jpk .<md we;s wdldrh ir, j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 2
²² mqoa.,hl=$if;l=$fohla ;ud hehs is;df.k ,sùug yels jk my; i|yka
ud;Dld yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
)) uu .ila fjñ'
)) uu iq<Õla fjñ'
)) uu óueiafila fjñ'
)) uu .=rejßhla$.=rejrfhla fjñ'
)) uu mEkla fjñ'

mshjr 3
²² by; tla tla ud;Dldfõ i|yka mqoa.,hd$i;d$fofhys ld¾hNdrh" jákdlu
hkdÈ foa ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPdjl fhfokak'
²² by; tla ud;Dldjla f;dardf.k ta ;ud hehs is;d jdlH myla f.dvk`.d ,sùug
isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
²² jdlH f.dvk`.d ,sùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

Ñ;% l;d
l%shdldrlu 8
mshjr 1
²² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
²² my; ±lafjk Ñ;% l;dj lKavdhug tl ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² Ñ;% l;dj n,ñka tys we;s foa lshùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'

Tõ ' ' ' Tõ ' ' '

wo kï jyskk a
jf.hs fkao@ blauka blauka lr,d huq'
lr,d .sfhd;a jyskk
a hd¿fjda n,df.k
l,ska tyd .ug we;s'
hkak mq¿jka

51
 tal fyd| woyi'
fï fod< mdfrka wms tfykï
tf.dv fjk tl
;uhs .ug hkak huq'
;sfhk flá u
mdr' wms taoKafvka
tf.dv fjuq'

hd¿fõ ' ' ' flda ' ' ' flda ' ' '
wr n,kak' j;=r ta fokakd wms Èyd
hg bkafka ljqo lsh,d' n,ka bkafka' wms;a
wms;a tlal fï n¨ megjq tlal hkak o
fokak;a hkj o @ wfma okafka kE'
.fï § uu ljodj;a
tfyu fokafkla
oel,d kE'

fïl mqÿu
jevla fka' fï W;a;rhla
weyqKd o@ wehs Th kEfka'
fokakd wms;a tlal oeka wms fudlo
tkafka wmsj lrkafka @
okakjd o @

52
 lula kE'
wms fj,dj kdia;s Tõ' tal
lrkak ´k kE' wms we;a;' wms tf.dvg
oekgu;a mrlalh = 's wms .sy,
s ,
a u wyuq wehs wms;a
tklï hd¿fjda tlal tkafka@ lsh,d'
n,df.k we;s' wmsj okakj o@
lsh,d

yß ' ' '

wms tf.dvg kï wdjd'
ta;a ' ' ' flda ' ' ' fï wms;a
tlal wdj fokakd' fïl
jgmsgdfõ fldfyaj;a fmakk a mqÿu jevla
kEfka @ fka @

mshjr 2
²² Ñ;% l;dj úYd, lr isiqkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
²² tu Ñ;% l;dfjka lshfjk foa iy ,shd we;s foa isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² Ñ;% l;dj weiqfrka ilia lr.;a m%Yak wid isiqkaf.ka jdÑl ms<s;=re ,nd
.kak'
mshjr 3
²² my; i|yka Ñ;% l;dfõ msgm; ne.ska isiqkag ,nd fokak'
²² tys we;=<;a Ñ;% l;dj ne,Sug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² Ñ;% l;dfõ ysia;eka iys; fldgi iïmQ¾K lrk f,ig isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'

53
 reishdkq mska;+r l;d fmd; weiqfrka w¢k ,oaols'

mshjr 4
²² ;j;a fujeks ir, Ñ;% l;d ,nd § fonia ,sùug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

54
 L4 S4 R4 W4

bf.kqï m,
²² Wmfoia lshjd ksjerÈ j m%;spdr olajhs'
²² m%jD;a;sj,g ijka § tys wka;¾.; lreKq fláfhka m%ldY lrhs'
²² ksfõokhlg ijka § tys jeo.;a lreKq ksjerÈ j bÈßm;a lrhs'
²² m%jD;a;s bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² ksfõok bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² úia;r l:khlg ijka § ta weiqfrka wik m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fohs'

Wmfoia
l%shdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 (
²² —Wmfoia˜ hkq fudkjd oehs m<uq j isiqkag wjfndaO lr fokak'
²² úúO wjia:dj, § iy úúO ia:dkj, § Wmfoia ms<sme§ug isÿ jk nj isiqkag
mjikak'
Wod ( ) mqia;ld,hg" wd.ñl ia:dkhlg fyda fjk;a fmdÿ ia:dkj,g fyda
.sh úg tys we;s Wmfoia lshjd fyda wid fyda tu Wmfoiaj,g wkqj
lghq;= lsÍug isÿ jk nj
²² tjka w;aoelSïj,g uqyqK ÿka wjia:d ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
²² tfuka u tu wjia:dj,g jvd fjk;a wdldrhlg Wmfoia ms<sme§ula o ;sfnk
nj my; i|yka WodyrKh weiqfrka wjOdrKh lrkak'
Wod ( mdvula wjidkfha § fokq ,nk wNHdij,g ms<s;=re ,sùfï § tys i|yka
Wmfoia fyd¢ka wjfndaO lrf.k ta wkqj ms<s;=re ,sùug isÿ jk nj
isiqkag ir, j meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
²² ta wkqj mdvula wjidkfha" § we;s wNHdij,g wod< tu Wmfoia"
)) b;d fyd¢ka lsysm jrla lshúh hq;= nj" fkdtfia kï Wmfoiaj,g fyd|ska
ijka Èh hq;= nj
)) fok Wmfoia fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.; hq;= nj
)) Wmfoiaj,g wkqj fyd¢ka lghq;= l< hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² wNHdij,g ms<s;=re ,sùu i|yd fokq ,nk Wmfoiaj, § isiqka nyq, j lrk
jerÈ y÷kd f.k ta wkqj WodyrK foñka § we;s Wmfoiaj,g wkqj l%shd l<
hq;= wdldrh wjfndaO lr fokak'
Wod ( my; i|yka jdlHj,g iqÿiq úrdu ,l=Kq fhdod jdlH kej; ,shkak'
)) uu mdi,a hñ
)) mqf;a fuydg tkak hehs ;d;a;d lsjqfõ h
)) jegfld¿ jÜglald lerÜ iy fndaxÑ fjka fjka j wiqrkak

55
 ²² § we;s jdlH kej; ,shd iqÿiqq úrdu ,l=Kq oeóu l< hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² Wmfoia ksis mßÈ fkdlshjd wjfndaO fkdlr f.k ms<;
s r
= e ,sùfuka isik
q g
a isÿ jk
wjdis fmkajd fokak'

mshjr 2
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² my; i|yka fþofha msgm; ne.ska isiqkag ,nd fokak'

wms y;r mehla muK hd;%d fldg ¥mf;a ol=Kq me;a;g <`.d ùuq' fï
jr wm Trej keje;ajf Q ha m<uq fojdrfhys u keje;ajQ ;ekg jvd fyd|
;ekl h' .,al`= M lsym s hla we;s ta .x bjqr uvj<la fkdù h' È. fndre
ll=,a rdYshla jeks uq,j a ,ska ke`.S isá lfvd,a .ia fm< ¥m; jgd hdug
;kk ,o md,ula jekak' wms Trefjka nei Trefõ ;snK q q ish¨ foa f.k
Trej o f.dvg weoafouq' bjqrg u|la wE;ska ;snK q q ,S fldg ;=kla fmr<d
;nd tys .,a oud ;<d f;dgqm<la o iEÿfjuq'
ufvd,a ¥j"
ud¾áka úl%uisxy

²² fþohg wod< j my; i|yka Wmfoia wkqj ilia lr .;a wNHdi lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
²² tla tla wNHdi i|yd § we;s Wmfoia fjk fjk u isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'
Wod ( fþoh weiqfrka wid we;s m%Yakj,g wod< ms<s;=re" —§ we;s ;s;a bß u;
,shkak˜ hk Wmfoi .;a úg tys ms<s;=re ,súh hq;af;a" § we;s ;s;a bß
u; ñi fjk;a ;ekl fkdjk nj wdÈ jYfhka
²² Wmfoia kej; lshjd fþoh weiqfrka § we;s wNHdi lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
²² ish¨ u wNHdi iys; mejreï m;a" lKavdhïj,g ,nd § l%shdldrlïj, isiqka
ksr; lrjkak'

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g wod< ms<s;=re fþofhka f;dard" § we;s ;s;a bß

u; ,shkak'
1' Trej <`.d jQfha ¥mf;ys l=uk me;a;lg o @ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
2' .x bjqf¾ ;snqfKa fudkjd o @ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
3' fþohg wkqj lfvd,a .ia fm< y÷kajd we;af;a flfia o @ ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' Trej f.dvg we§ug fmr lf<a l=ula o @ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5' f;dgqm< ie¥ wdldrh ,shd olajkak' ''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

56
fþoh lshjd my; i|yka m%ldY yß kï z√Z ,l=K o" jerÈ kï z«Z ,l=K
o jryka ;=< fhdokak'
1' ;=ka mehla muK hd;%d fldg ¥m;g <`.d ùuq' ^ &
2' fujr Trej keje;ajQfha jvd fyd| ;ekl h' ^ &
3' .,al=`M lsysmhla we;s .x bjqf¾ uvj<la ù h' ^ &
4' lfvd,a .ia fm< ¥m;g hEug ie¥ f;dgqm<la jeks h' ^ &
5' f;dgqm< ieÿfõ ,S fldg ;=kla fmr<d .,a oud ;e<Sfuks' ^ &

ksjerÈ ms<s;=r jryka ;=<ska f;dard háka brla w|skak'

1' y;r mehla muK hd;%d fldg ¥mf;a' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
^ol=Kq me;a;g <`.d ùuq'$jï me;a;g <`.d ùuq'&
2' Trej keje;ajQfha m<uq fojdrfhys u keje;ajQ ;ekg jvd' ' ' ' '
^krl ;ekl h'$fyd| ;ekl h'&
3' È. fndre ll=,a /ila fuka jQfha ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
^udr .ia fm< h'$lfvd,a .ia fm< h'&
4' Trefõ ;snqKq ish¨ foa f.k Trej ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
^f.dvg weoafouq'$hd;%d lf<uq'&
5' ,S fldg ;=kla fmr<d .,a oud ;<d ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
^md,ula iEÿfjuq'$f;dgqm<la ieÿfjuq'&

my; i|yka jdlH ksjerÈ wkqms<sfj<g .<md kej; ,shkak'

²² Trej keje;ajQfha jvd fyd| ;ekl h'
²² .,al=`M lsysmhla we;s .x bjqfrys uvj<la fkdù h'
²² Trej ;=< ;snQ foaj,a f.k Trej f.dvg weoafouq'
²² Trej ¥mf;a ol=Kq me;a;g <`.d úh'
²² ,S fldg ;=kla fmr<d .,a oud ;<d f;dgqm<la ieÿfjuq'
²² lfvd,a .ia fm< ¥m; jgd hEug ;ekQ md,ula fuks'

57
 my; i|yka jpk .<md jdlH ilia lr ;s;a bß u; ,shkak'
1' ol=Kq $ <`.d úh' $ ¥mf;a $me;a;g $Trej
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' jvd $ Trej $ fyd| $ keje;ajQfha $ ;ekl h'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' fkdù h' $ .x $ uvj<la $ bjqfrys

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' md,ula $ lfvd,a $ fm<$ jekak' $ .ia

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

5' f;dgqm<la $ ,S fldg $ .,a$ oud $ ;nd $ ieÿfjuq'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m%jD;a;s
l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 (
²² rEmjdyskS hka;%hl wdlD;shla ilia lr .kak'
²² my; i|yka m%jD;a;s m%ldYh lshùï m;la f,i ilia lr .kak'
wdhqfndajka
fï l,K <ud rEmjdyskS fiajh hs'

m%jD;a;s m%ldYh

bÈßm;a lsÍu ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
uq,ska u isria;,
²² laI‚l wdydr Ndú;fhka j<lsk f,i ffjoHjre mji;s'
²² li< l<ukdlrKh i|yd ;srir úi÷ul wjYH;dj u;= fjhs'
²² f,dal jeäysá Èkh ieufrhs'
²² fcdydka mSßia uy;d tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh l< fojk Y%S
,dxlslhd njg m;a fjhs'
²² j¾;udkfha § laI‚l wdydr Ndú;h orejka w;r nyq, ù we;' b;d u
flá ld,hla ;=< § ms<f s h, lr .; yels fuu wdydr w;r we;s kQâ,ai"a
isi,
s a îu" fidfiacia jeks wdydr .ekSug <uhs leue;a;la olaj;s' laI‚l
wdydr .ekSu ksid orejkaf.a YÍr Yla;h s wvq ùu" u;l Yla;h s wvq ùu
wdÈh isÿ jk w;r tu.ska úúO f,v frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu o isÿ fõ'
YÍrhg wjYH fmdaIKh laIKsl wdydrj,ska ,nd .; fkdyels w;r tu.ska
,efnkafka laI‚l Yla;h s la mu‚'

58
 fï ksid fj<| fmdf<a we;s laI‚l wdydr orejkag ,nd §fuka j<lsk
f,i ffjoHjre mji;s'
²² Y%S ,xldfõ li< w¾nqohg ;srir úi÷ula fï jk úg wjYH ù we;' fï
i|yd úúO wxYj,ska idlÉPd lrkq ,enqj o iaÓr úi÷ula fï jk;=re;a
f.k fkdue;' li< l<ukdlrKh ms<n s | úfYaI{fhl= î'î'iS' isxy,
fiajh fj; woyia olajñka mjid isáfha li< l<ukdlrKh iïnkaOfhka
jk jeo.;a u uq,a u wÈhr wdrïN úh hq;f a ;a ;u ksjiska nj hs' bj; ouk
wdydr øjH" ldâfndaâ" fmd,s;kS "a ùÿre jeks foa fiiq øjHj,ska fjka lr
;eîu m<uq j l< hq;= nj;a uq`M;ekaf.hs b;=re jk msiQ wdydr iy fkdmsiQ
wdydr fldïfmdaiÜa n÷kaj, oeñh hq;= nj;a Tyq mjihs'
²² ieu jirl u Tlaf;dan¾ m<uqfjksodg f,dal jeäysá Èkh fhfohs'
j¾;udkh jk úg jeäysáhkag ie,lSu l%ufhka wvq fjñka mj;sk nj
meyeÈ,s j fmfkk ;;a;ajhls' ksjfia § jeäysáhkag fkdie,lSu" uy
u`. oud hEu" jeäysá ksjdij,g fhduq lsÍu wdÈh ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka
wikakg olskakg ,efnhs' jeäysáhkag ie,lSu wdrïN l< hq;af;a ;u
ksjisks' ;udf.a ksjfia isák jeäysáhkag ie,lSu uÕska iudcfha isák
jeäysáhkag lreKdj oelaùug yelshdj ,efnhs' jeäysáhkag ie,lSu
jeäysá Èkhg muKla iSud fkdlr" th ;u hq;=lula iy j.lSula f,i
i,ld jeäysáhkag ie,lSug ieu fokd wÈgka lr .; hq;= h'
²² tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh l< fojk Y%S ,dxlslhd fcdydka mSßia uy;d hs' Tyq
tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh lf<a 2018 uehs ui 22 od hs' 2016 uehs ui 21 Èk
chka;s l=reW;=ïm, kue;s Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;dj tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh l<d
h' weh tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh l< m<uq jk Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;dj jQjdh'
weh iu`. fcdydka mSßia uy;d o lkao ;rKh lsÍug iyNd.s úh' tfy;a
Tyqg m%udKj;a mßÈ Tlaiscka fkdue;s ùu ksid tu .uk w;ru`. § k;r
lsÍug isÿ úh' Tyqf.a W;aidyh iy lemùu ksid u fojk wjia:dfõ §
lkao ;rKh lsÍug yels úh' l÷ ;rKhg leu;s Y%S ,dxlslhkag wjYH
mqyqKqj ,nd §ug fcdydka mSßia uy;d iy chka;s l=reW;=ïm, uy;añh
iQodkñka isák nj Tjqyq udOHhg mejiQy'
m%jD;a;s iudma; hs'

²² rEmjdyskS wdlD;sh Wojq lrf.k m%jD;a;s lshjk wdldrhg m%jD;a;s m%ldYh

.=rejrhd isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
²² m%jD;a;s m%ldYfha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka m%Yak lsysmhla wikak'
Wod ( ) laI‚l wdydr j¾. lsysmhla kï lrkak'
)) li< l<ukdlrKhg uq,a wä;d,u wdrïN l< hq;af;a fld;ekska o @
)) jeäysá Èkh fh§ we;af;a ljr odg o @
)) tjriaÜ lkao ;rKh l< fojk Y%S ,dxlslhd ljfrla o @

59
mshjr 2
²² wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqfjl=$isiqúhl ne.ska bÈßhg le|jkak'
²² f;dard.;a isiqjdg$isiqúhg m%jD;a;s m%ldYh iys; lshùï m; ,nd fokak'
²² rEmjdyskS wdlD;sh Wojq lrf.k m%jD;a;s m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg f;dard.;a isif
q jl=g$isiú
q hlg m%jD;a;s m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² fuf,i wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isik
q a lsym
s fofkl=g wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

mshjr 3
²² m%jD;a;s m%ldYfha msgm;la ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² isiqkag m%jD;a;s m%ldYh lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² m%jD;a;s m%ldYh ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² .=rejrhd m%jD;a;s isria;,h mjikak'
²² wyUq f,i f;dard .;a isiqfjl=g tu isria;,hg wod< m%jD;a;sfhka lshfjk foa
ms<sn| j m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² fuf,i isria;, bÈßm;a lrñka wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isiqkag m%jD;a;s ms<sn|
f;dr;=re m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 4
²² ksjfia § m%jD;a;s weiSug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
²² weiQ m%jD;a;shla ,sùug o Wmfoia fokak'
²² tla Èklg isiqka fofofkl= ne.ska kï lr ,shk ,o m%jD;a;s m%ldY lsÍug
wjia:dj fokak'
²² mka;f
s ha ieu isif
q jl=g u m%jD;a;h
s la ne.ska bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

ksfõok
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka ksfõokh foj;djla isiqkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² ksfõokh weiqfrka m%Yk
a lsym
s hla ilia lr" isik
q g
a bÈßm;a lr ms<;
s r
= e ,nd
.kak'

wm mdif,a mia jk fY%‚

a fha isii
q i
s ú
q hkaf.a ks¾udK m%o¾Ykhla meje;aùug
zm%NdúZ l,dljh lghq;= ixúOdkh lr we;' ta i|yd Ñ;%" w;alï" lú" .S;"
l;kaor we;=<;a ks¾udK bÈßm;a l< yels nj zm%NdùZ l,dljh okajd isáhs'
m%o¾Ykh i|yd Tn bÈßm;a lrk ks¾udK Tnf.a u ks¾udK njg mka;N s dr
.=rejrhd iy;sl l< hq;= h' ish¨ u ks¾udK iema;eïn¾ ui 15 Èkg fmr
Ndr Èh hq;= h' ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrk ieu isif q jl=g u iy;sl m;%hla o
ch.%dyl ch.%dysldjkag ;Hd. msßkeóug o zm%NdùZ l,dljh ie,iqï lr we;'
—m%Ndù˜ ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh iy ;Hd. m%odfkda;i a jh iema;eïn¾ ui 30 Èk
fm'j'9'00g mdi,a mßY%fha § meje;aùug kshñ; h'

60
mshjr 2 (
²² ksfõokfhys msgm; ne.ska isiqkag ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd ksfõok ffY,sfhka hq;= j ksfõokh lsysm j;djla lshjkak'
²² wk;=re j .=rejrhd tu ffY,sfhka isik
q a iu`. o fo;=ka j;djla ksfõokh lshjkak'
²² bka miq isiqkag muKla ksfõokh bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj i,iajkak'

mshjr 3 (
²² ksfõokh weiqfrka wik my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,sùug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
)) ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh mj;ajkafka l=uk fY%K
a h
s l isik
q f
a .a iyNd.s;j
a fhka o@
)) ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh ixúOdkh lrkafka ljfrla o @
)) ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh i|yd bÈßm;a l< yels foaj,a fudkjd o @
)) ks¾udK iy;sl l< hq;af;a ljfrla o @
)) ks¾udK Ndr .kakd wjika Èkh ljrod o @
)) ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrk ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokafka fudkjd o @
)) ch.%dyl-ch.%dysldjkag ,nd §ug ie,iqï lr we;af;a fudkjd o @
)) ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh meje;afjkafka fldfya o @

mshjr 4 (
²² my; i|yka ksfõokj, msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² tu ksfõok ;ks j lshùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² ksfõokj,ska leu;s ksfõokhla f;dard .ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'
²² tla isiqfjl= ne.ska mka;sh bÈßhg le|jd ksfõokhla bÈßm;a lrk ffY,sfhka
ksfõokh bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
úoHd,hSh ¥ mq;k
= f
a .a l,d l=i,;d t<s olajk zr`.k /`.=ïZ úúO m%ix.h
fujr;a W;al¾Ij;a whqßka 2020 foieïn¾ ui 05 Èk m'j'2'00g úoHd,hSh
m%Odk Yd,dfõ § meje;aùug lghq;= fhdod we;' mdif,a ish¨ u YsIH
YsIHdjkaf.a iyNd.s;j a fhka úúO m%ix.h yev .ekaùug kshñ; h' th
keröu i|yd ish¨ u fouõmshkag iy wdÈ YsIHYsIHdjkag werhqï lrk
w;r m'j'1'00 jk úg mdif,a m%Odk Yd,dfõ wiqka .kakd f,ig oekqï
§ isáuq'

mdif,a mqi;
a ld, ix.uh fyd| u mdGlhka f;aÍfï ;r.dj,shla
meje;aùug woyia lr we;' idys;H udih wruqKq lr .ksñka fuu
;r.dj,sh meje;aùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' j¾Ih mqrd jeä u fmd;a
ixLHdjla lshjQ YsIHYsIHdjka fY%‚
a uÜgñka f;dard ;Hd. msßkeóug
kshñ; h' tla tla fY%‚a hg wod< j ks¾foaY lrk ,o fmd;a weiqfrka
fY%‚
a uÜgñka ,nd fok oekqu ñkqu m%Yk a dj,shlg ms<;
s r
= e ,nd §fuka
fyd| u mdGlhka f;dard .ekSu úêu;a j isÿ lsÍug wfmalI a d lrkq
,nhs'

61
 hákqjr wOHdmk fldÜGdifha mdi,a tluq;=fjka nd, olaI l|jqrla
mrdl%u uyd úoHd,fha § meje;afõ' 2020 cqks ui 01 yd 02 hk Èkj,
l|jqr meje;aùug kshñ; h' ieu mdi,l u nd, olaIhka fï i|yd
iyNd.s lrúh hq;= w;r isik q a iu`. .=rejrhl= o iyNd.s úh hq;= h'
isik
q g
a wjYH wdydrmdk ta ta mdi,aj,ska imhd .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;=
h' l|jqr meje;afjk Èk fofla u fm'j' 8'00g mrdl%u uyd úoHd,hg
meñ‚h hq;= w;r l|jqr wjika jk fõ,dj jk m'j'4'00 jk f;la /£
isáh hq;= h'

úia;r l:k
l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1 (
²² zúia;r l:khlaZ hkq l=ula oehs isiqkag ir, j meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
²² tys § hï wjia:djla" isoaêhla foi n,d isg ta ms<sn| j úia;r lr §u úia;r
l:khla f,iska y÷kajd fok nj WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
Wod ( ) l%slÜ" *qÜfnda,a jeks l%Svd meje;afjk wjia:djla
)) mdif,a meje;afjk l%Svd W;aijhla
)) f.dvkeÕs,a,la újD; lsÍula
)) fmd<la
)) fmryerla ' ' ' wdÈ

mshjr 2
²² my; i|yka úia;r l:khg isiqka lsysm jrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
²² fuu úia;r l:kh Bg WÑ; ffY,sfhka .=rejrhd lsysm jrla lshjkak'

fï wjia:dfõ § msáfha l%shd;aul jkafka nd,sld óg¾ ishh ÿr Èùfï

;r.h hs' ta i|yd m<uq jk ux;Srefõ iQr ksjdih ksfhdackh lrñka wxl
03 me,|f.k ldjHd fk;añ‚ o" fojk ux;Srefõ ër ksjdih ksfhdackh
lrñka wxl 02 me,|f.k l,‚ fïkld o" ;=ka jk ux;Srefõ ùr ksjdih
ksfhdackh lrñka wxl 01 me,|f.k iÑks W;am,d o" ;r. wdrïN lsÍug
iQodkï j isákjd' úksYaph uKav,h f,i ksu,a iur;=x. uy;d;a" mjks
wuriQßh uy;añh iy lu,a .=K;s,l uy;d;a lghq;= lrkjd'
Tõ ' ' ' oeka ;r.h wdrïN lsÍug iQodkï' m%Odk úksiqre úiska wdrïNl
ix{dj fokq ,nkjd' ;r.ldÍ l%Säldjka ;sfokd u mjkg n÷ fõ.fhka
Èj hkjd' ksjdij, ish¨ fokd u keÕS isg" T,ajrika foñka ;u;ukaf.a
;r.ldßhka Wkkaÿ lrjkjd'

62
 bÈßfhka u Èj hkafka ër ksjdifha l,‚ fïkld hs' ta jf.a u iQr
ksjdifha ldjHd fk;añ‚ o lrg lr ;r.hla ,nd fokjd' flfia kuq;a
fï oeka ;r.h wjika jkjd' ch.%dyS ia:dkh miq lrñka ch.%yKh ,nd
.kafka ër ksjdifha l,‚ fïkld hs' ta wkqj fujr ksjdidka;r u,,
l%Svd W;aijfha nd,sld óg¾ ishh ;r.fhka m%:u ia:dkh ër ksjdifha
l,‚ fïkld úiska Èkd .kq ,nkjd'

²² ijka ÿka úia;r l:kfhys wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² úia;r l:khg wkqj ilid .;a my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSug
isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
Wod ( ) msáfha l%shd;aul jQ ;r. biõj l=ula o @
)) ;r.h i|yd iyNd.s jQ ksjdij, kï fudkjd o @
)) ;r. úksYaph i|yd lS fofkl= iyNd.s jQjd o @
)) ;r. wjia:dfõ § ksjdij, isá wfkl=;a isiqisiqúhka l=ula l<d o @
)) ;r.fhka m%:u ia:dkh Èkd .;af;a ljfrla o @

mdif,a meje;afjk W;aij wjia:d fyda fjk;a iqúfYaI wjia:d

fyda we;s úg tjeks foa úia;r l:kh lsÍu i|yd isikq a fhduq
lr Tjqkg a iydh jkak'

63
 L5 S5 R5 W5

bf.kqï m,
²² jdxud,d fmdaIKh i|yd jpk tla /ia lr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'
²² f;arú,s úi£fï § úpdrYS,S j ms<s;=re imhhs'
²² hq., mo" m%ia;dj msre`M" rEVs$b`.s jels iy wdmaf;damfoaY ksjerÈ w¾: .ekaùï
i|yd Ndú; lrhs'

l;kaor
l%shdldrlu 01
mshjr 1 (
²² lh
s ùï fmdf;a we;=<;a zle,Efõ wka;¾cd,hZ l;dj isik
q g
a rij;a j lshd fokak'
²² l;dfõ wka;¾.;fhka .uH jk woyi ms<n
s | j o isik
q g
a meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

mshjr 2
²² l;kaorh weiqfrka isiqkaf.ka jdÑl m%Yak lsysmhla wikak'
Wod ( ) iqÿ mfrúhl= jQ línq jk rdcOdksfha ljfrla o @
)) jk rdcOdksfha ku l=ula o @
)) —we;a;g u kqU oekqu ;sfhk if;la lsh, lshkjd' ta;a kqUf.a oekqu
oeka mrK hs˜ hkqfjka línq W,a¨g mejiqfõ wehs @
)) línqf.a iy lKavdhfï /lshdj wysñ ùug fya;=j l=ula o @
)) línqf.a Woõj ksid ihsn¾ish¾ rcqg jegyS .sfha l=uk ldrKhla
ms<sn| j o@

mshjr 3
²² l;kaorh fldgia jYfhka Yío k`.d lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² my; i|yka jpk wid ,sùug fokak'
²² nqoaêu;a ²² úYd, ²² iuDoaêu;a ²² ld¾hlaIu
²² rdcOdksh ²² rdYshla ²² mß.Kl ²² iïnkaOlï
²² úoHq;a ;emE, ²² fcHaIaG ²² f.!rjfhka ²² idlÉPd
²² m%;sixialrK ²² m‚úv ²² oS¾> ²² lD;{

64
mshjr 4
²² mshjr 3ys ,shk ,o jpkj,ska jpk 5la f;dard f.k jdlH ,sùug isiqkag
Wmfoia fokak'

fuu l;kaorh bÈßm;a lf<a w¨;a jpk y÷kajd §ug ñi fuys wjia:d
iïnkaOh oelaùug fyda fuu l;kaorh weiqfrka oekqu uekSug fyda fkd fõ'
fujeks l;kaor bÈßm;a lr ta uÕska isik
q f
a .a oekqu msßlaiu
S lsiú
s fgl wjYH
fkd fjhs'

f;arú,s
l%shdldrlu 02
mshjr 1 (
²² isiqka lKavdhï lrkak'
²² my; i|yka f;arú,sj,ska m<uq jk f;arú,a, isiqkag mjikak'

1' .il fkdmsfmk u, - ìïu,

2' fyk o< - fyk kï wl=Kq
o< kï o;
wl=Kq o; - ol=Kq w;
3' jkaÈ uqo, - jkaÈ kï ov
uqo, kï ldis
ov ldis - lvodis
4' ñksfila fldáfhl=" t`Mfjl= iy ;ïm<d ñáhl=;a /f.k .`.lska tf;r
ùug .shd' jrlg Trefjka tf.dv úh yelafla fofofkl=g hs' ñksid uq,ska
fldáhd /f.k .shfyd;a t`Mjd ;ïm<d ñáh lkjd' uq,ska ;ïm<d ñáh
f.k .shfyd;a fldáhd t`Mjd j lkjd' flfia fyda .eg¨jla fkdue;s j
tf.dv ùu isÿ jqKd' ta flfia o @
m<uqfjka t¿jd /f.k tf.dvg hkjd' B<Õg ;ïm,d ñáh /f.k tf.dvg
f.dia ;ïm,d ñáh ;nd t¿jd /f.k fuf.dvg tkjd' t¿jd fuf.dv ;nd
fldáhd /f.k hkjd' wdmiq fuf.dvg weú;a t¿jd /f.k hkjd'

5' i;a iuqÿf¾ Èh m,af,a Wmka fka

tu iuqÿf¾ Èh u;=msg msfmka fka
jeiaig msks nnd ks;r u fudarka fka
wo neß kï fyg f;dard tjka fka
- i;a iuqÿf¾ Èh m,af,a ;sfnhs w,
tu iuqÿf¾ Èh u;=msg ;sfnhs fld<
jeiaig msks nnd fudark lel=`M u,
uiaglhkag uq;= l=vhls fk¨ï u,

65
 ²² t
u f;arú,a,g wod< ms<s;=r l=ula ±hs idlÉPd lsÍug m%udKj;a ld,hla isiqkag
,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd wyUq f,i kï lrk ,o lKavdhulska ms<s;=r úuikak'
²² tu ms<s;=r ms<sn| j wfkla lKavdhïj, m%;spdrh o ,nd .kak'

mshjr 2 (
²² fojk iy ;=ka jk f;arú,s ;=ka f;arú,s jk w;r" ;=ka f;arú,s úi|k l%uh
ms<sn| j fmr oekqu WodyrKhla f.k isysm;a lrkak'
²² wk;=re j fojk iy ;=ka jk f;arú,s fjk fjk u isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
²² m<uq jk f;arú,a, i|yd isik
q f
a .ka m%;p
s dr ,nd .;a l%uhg u fuu f;arú,s
i|yd o m%;p
s dr ,nd .kak'

mshjr 3 (
²² isjq jk f;arú,a, isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
²² tu f;arú,a,g wod< ms<s;=r l=ula oehs idlÉPd lsÍug o m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd
fokak'
²² m<uq jk" fojk iy ;=ka jk f;arú,sj,g isik q f
a .ka m%;p
s dr ,nd .;a l%uhg u
fuu f;arú,a, i|yd o m%;p
s dr ,nd .kak'
²² tu ms<s;=r ms<sn| j wfkla lKavdhïj, m%;spdrh o ,nd .kak'

mshjr 4 (
²² isjqmo lúhlska f;arú,a,la wid Bg isjqmo lúhlska u ms<s;=re ,nd fok l%uhla
f;arú,sj, we;s njg jk fmr oekqu WodyrKhla f.k meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² wk;=re j mia jk f;arú,a, isiqkag bÈßm;a lrkak'
²² fuys § ms<s;=re lúhg wod< m<uq jk lú moh .=rejrhd bÈßm;a lrkak'
²² ta wkqj b;=re mo ms<s;=rg wkqj ilia l< hq;= nj fmkajd fokak'
²² .=rejrhdf.a o iydh we;sj f;arú,s lúj,g wod< ms<s;=re lú isiqkag
f.dvke`.Sug wjia:dj fokak'

mshjr 5
²² isik a rE,a iys; fld<hla ne.ska iy lKavdhulg A3 fld<h ne.ska o ,nd fokak'
q g
²² tla isiqfjl=g f;arú,a,la ne.ska idod ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² ieu lKavdhulg u f.dia isiqka úiska ,shk ,o f;arú,s ms<sn| j fidhd n,d
wjYH Wmfoia iy iydh ,nd fokak'
²² lKavdhu ;=< ,shk ,o f;arú,s A3 fld<fha we,ùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² .=rejrhd kï lrk ,o lKavdhul tla isiqfjl=g ;uka ie¥ f;arú,a, mejiSug
wjia:dj fokak'
²² tu isiqjd kï lrk fjk;a lKavdhul isiqfjl=g tu f;arú,a,g wod< ms<s;=r
mejiSug Wmfoia fokak'
²² tu ms<s;=r ms<sn| j f;arú,a, bÈßm;a l< isiqjdf.ka úuikak'

66
 ²² fuf,i ieu lKavdhul u isiqkag f;arú,s bÈßm;a lr ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
²² lKavdhï úiska ilia lrk ,o f;arú,s m;%sld m%o¾Yk mqjrejg .kak'
²² m%o¾Yk mqjrefõ we;s f;arú,s ksoyia wjia:dj, § lshùug isik
q a fhduq lrkak'

iudkd¾: mo" úreoaOd¾: mo" hq., mo" m%i; a dj msre`M" rEÐ$b`.s jels
iy wdmaf;damfoaY i|yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfha ,nd § we;s WodyrK
muKla f.k b.ekaùu wksjd¾h fõ' bka mßndysr fjk;a WodyrK
m%udKh o blaujd b.ekaùu lsis fia;a fkdl< hq;= h'

iudkd¾: mo
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² m<uq jk" fojk yd ;=ka jk iy y;r jk fY%‚
a j, § W.;a iudkd¾: mo
ms<n
s | u;lh wjÈ lrkak'
.i } rel wyi } .=jk wïud } uj WoEik } ysñÈßh
;d;a;d } mshd br } ysre f.or } ksji l=re,a,d } mlaIshd
mdi, } úÿy, T`Mj } ysi mdr } ud¾.h mdoh } ll=,
;re } ;drld m%jD;a;h
s } mqj; le,Ej } jkh j;=r } c,h
¥m; } Èjhsk rd;%sh } /h weia } fk;a fmd; } .%ka:h
²² by; jpk .=rejrhd mjik úg isiqkaf.ka ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
²² ta wkqj fuf;la W.;a iudkd¾: mo ms<sn| u;lh ;yjqre lrkak'

mshjr 2
²² —wfma f.or˜ fþofha msgm;a ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
wfma f.or
ieu Èkl u rd;%shg wdydr .;a miq wm ksjfia ish¨ fokd u id,hg
meñK i;=gq idóÑfha fh§u ld,hl isg mej; tk isß;ls'
yeu /hl u fuf,i .; lrk ld,hg f.or ish¨ fokd u fndfyda
leue;af;da h'
tÈk ud id,hg tk úg wïud;a ;d;a;d;a iShd iy whshd;a meñK
isáhy'
—okafk u ke;=j fï wjqreoao f.ú,d .shd' ;j i;shlska w¨;a
wjqreoao ,nkjd˜ wïud l;djg uq, msrejd h'
—fï n,kakfld ;d;af;a" fï m;a;fr;a ;sfhkafka kj jirg
iQodkï fjuq lsh,d˜ f,dl= wl=ßka tfia ,shk ,o m;a;r msgqj uu
;d;a;dg fmkajQfjñ'
—wo fudkj o fmdä mq;d biafldaf, È bf.k .;af;a˜ hehs iShd ud
foi n,ñka weiqfõ h'

67
 —wo uõnig wmg lsh,d ÿkafka iudk w¾:h ;sfhk jpk .ek'
jpk lsysmhla u wmg lsh,d ÿkakd˜ uu lsjqfjñ'
—fudkj o u,a,s bf.k .;a; iudk f;areu ;sfhk jpk @ whshd
weiqfõ h'
W.;a jpk;a tajdg iudk f;areu we;s jpk;a uu lsjf q jñ' — yß
tfykï lshkak u,a,"s fk¨ï u,g lshk iudk f;areu ;sfhk mohla'˜
—ishm; fk˜ uu lsjfq jñ' —u,a,s fyd|hs fka' tfykï lshkak u,a,"s
m%ios O
a lshk jpkhg iudk f;areu ;sfhk mohla'
—m%lg˜ ´l yß u f,aif
s ka'
—u,a,s yß u olaI hs˜ whshd mejiqfõ h'
²² .=rejrhd fþoh lshjk úg isiqka ijka §ug fhduq lrkak'
²² isiqkag o fþoh lshùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
²² tla tla iudkd¾: mo hq.,h fþofhka wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² tla tla iudkd¾: mo hq.,h yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
Wod ( rd;%sh } /h
²² fþofha i|yka jdlH iïnkaO lr .ksñka tu mo y÷kajd fokak'
²² fï wdldrhg wjqreoao } jir" w¾:h } f;areu" fk¨ï u, } ishm;" m%ios O
a } m%lg
hk iudkd¾: mo y÷kajd fokak'
²² tl u woyi fok úúO mo we;s nj;a tajd ziudkd¾: moZ f,i ye¢kafjk nj;a
meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

mshjr 3
²² zwfma f.orZ fþofha háka bß we¢ iudkd¾: mo hq., fldgq lr tl u j¾Khlska
mdg lsÍug isikq a fhduq lrkak'

Wod ( rd;%sh } /h ks,a mdg

wjqreoao } jir r;= mdg

²² tfia mdg lrk ,o iudkd¾: mo hq., lshùug fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² tla jdlHhla ,nd § tys i|yka jpkhg wod< iudkd¾: moh we;=<;a lr
jdlHhla idod ,sùug my; i|yka mejreu ,nd fokak'
²² jdlH fol w;r .e<mSula wjYH fkd fõ'

68
 Wod (
)) rd;%shg uq`M mßirh u ksy~ h'
w÷re /h myka jk ;=re uu fkdbjis,af,ka isáñ' ^/h&

)) w¨;a wjqreoaola ,eîu ug i;=gg fya;=jla úh'

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^jir&
)) tu jpkfha w¾:h meyeÈ,s lsÍug ug .; jQfha iq`M fudfyd;ls'
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^f;areu&
)) ishm;a msreKq jej ukrï h'
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^fk¨ï u,a&
)) ud¾áka úl%uisxy uy;d m%lg f,aLlfhls'
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^m%isoaO&

úreoaOd¾: mo
l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1
²² m<uq jk" fojk" ;=ka jk iy y;r jk fY%a‚j, W.;a úreoaOd¾: mo tlsfkl
mjiñka u;lh úuid n,kak'
Wv - hg f,dl= - fmdä uy;hs - flÜgqhs hym;a - whym;a
Wi - ñá leu;s - wlue;s hkjd - tkjd wdrïNh - wjidkh
bÈßmi - msgm
q i msfmkjd - mrfjkjd msßisÿ - wmsßisÿ Èrk - fkdÈrk
by< - my< lSlre - wlSlre m%Yk
a - ms<;
s r= e iqÿiq - kqiqÿiq
.e<fmk - fkd.e<fmk fifuka - fõ.fhka mqreÿ - kqmr
q eÿ ,iaik - wj,iaik

mshjr 2
²² z WoEik /iaùuZ ms<sn| lshfjk fþofha msgm;la ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd
fokak'
²² .=rejrhd fþoh lshjk úg isiqka ijka §ug fhduq lrkak'
²² wk;=re j y÷kajd §ug hk úreoaOd¾: mo flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lr
iylshùfï l%ufõoh Ndú; lrñka fþoh lshjkak'

69
 WoEik /iaùu
kj mdi,a jdrh wdrïN úh' tÈk WoEik /iaùfï § úÿy,am;s;u = d
isik
q f
a .a wOHdmk lghq;j
= , id¾:l;ajh Wfoid úfYaI l;djla meje;aù
h'
tys § úÿy,am;s;u
= d m%:ufhka u mejiqfõ kdu f,aLk mÍlaId lsÍfï §
isik
q a fndfyda fofkl=f.a meñŒu i;=goq dhl nj;a" fkdmeñfKk isik q a
;ud mdi,g fkdmeñŒu iïnkaOfhka fouõmshkaf.ka ,smh s la /f.k tau
wksjd¾h nj;a h' isik q f
a .a mdi,a fmd;a nE.fhys tÈfkod ld, igykg
wkqj wjYH fmd;am;a muKla /f.k wd hq;= nj;a" wkjYH foa /f.k
tafuka j<lsk f,i;a mejiS h'
l%v
S d mqyK
q q lghq;j= ,g f;dard.;a isik q a wod< Èkj, ;u mqyK
q q ùï
i|yd mdi,a fõ,dfjka miq j mqyK q q ùï lghq;= i|yd /£ isáh hq;= nj
mejiQ úÿy,am;s;u = d kqmy
q K
q q isik
q a lsis u ;r.hlg iyNd.s fkdlrk nj
o mejiqfõ h'
ta ta úIhhkag wod< wNHdij, jerÈ isÿ jQ ;eka ta wjia:dfõ § u
ksjerÈ lr .=rejrekag fmkaúh hq;= nj mejiqfõ h'
wk;=re j úÿy,am;s;u
= d m%ldY lf<a mka;s ldur ms<f
s j<g ;nd .; hq;=
w;r mka;s ldurfha w,xlrKh i|yd m%o¾Ykh lr we;s mrK ks¾udK
bj;a lr' w¨;a ks¾udK ilia lr mka;s Ndr .=rejrekag iydh olajk
f,i h'

mshjr 3
²² fþofha we;=<;a my; i|yka úreoaOd¾: mo yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
)) meñŒu - fkdmeñŒu
)) wjYH - wkjYH
)) mqyqKq - kqmqyqKq
)) jerÈ - ksjerÈ
)) w¨;a - mrK
²² tu úreoaOd¾: mo Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh fþoh weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² úreoaOd¾: mo hq., isiqkag ,nd § jdlH f.dv k`.d ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
Wod ( ) Èk m;d mdi,a meñŒu ksid ug fyd¢ka bf.k .ekSug yels úh'
) Èk m;d mdi,g fkdmeñŒu wOHdmk lghq;= wvd< ùug fya;j
= ls'

70
hq., mo
l%shdldrlu 5
mshjr 1
²² ;=ka jk iy y;r jk fY%a‚j, § W.;a hq., mo yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
.uka ìuka fmd;a m;a
wy, my, f.j,a fodrj,a
isß;a úß;a hdk jdyk
;E.s fnda. j;= msá
lEu îu fl<s fi,a,ï

²² fuu hq., mo lshùug fhduq lrkak'

²² tla tla hq., mo fjka fjka j f.k jdlH f.dv k`.d mejiSug isik
q g
a wjia:dj
fokak'
²² m<uq j .=rejrhd jdlHhla f.dv k`.d mjikak'

mshjr 2
²² zwfma nd, olaI l|jqrZ hk my; i|yka fþofha msgm;a ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd
fokak'
²² fþoh lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

wfma nd,olaI l|jqr

wm mdif,a mej;s nd, olaI l|jqr iy .sku
s e< ikao¾Ykh i|yd fjk;a
mdi,aj, isiy
q q ishhlg wdikak m%udKhla iyNd.s jQy' tu isikq g
a wm
úÿyf,a fkajdisl myiqlï imhd ;sn‚ q ' Èk ;=kl ld,hla ;=< isiy q q
ieu fofkla u mdfya wmf.a ióm ñ;=rka njg m;a jQy' l|jqfrys lghq;=
lrk wjia:dj, lsis u isif q jl=g wkï ukï l;d lrñka ld,h .;
fkdlr" ;udg kshñ; ld¾hhkays fhfok f,ig Wmfoia ,enqK's tksid
úfõl ld,fha § muKla ljqre;a tla ù úys`M ;y`M l<y' fkdfhl=;a
l;d mjiñka jdo újdo meje;ajy Q '
wjidk Èk rd;%f s hys úoHd,hSh l%v
S d msáfha mej;s .sku
s e< ikao¾Ykh
ldf.a;a is;a .;af;a h' .sku s e< ikao¾Ykh wjia:dfõ § ieu mdi,l
u isiy q q úfYaIdx.hla ne.ska bÈßm;a l<y' rdyq, uyd úoHd,fha isiq
isiú
q hka bÈßm;a l< wreu mqÿu f.dakh s úfYaIdx.h wm ldf.a;a fk;a is;a
meyer .ekSug iu;a úh' wjidk Èkfha § l|jqrg iyNd.s jQ .=rejre o
isiy
q q o fouõmsfhda o mdi,a N+ñfha wiaila uq,, a la kEr msßisÿ lsÍfï
lghq;j = , ksr; jQy'

71
mshjr 3
²² .=rejrhd mjik my; i|yka jpk hq.,j,g háka brla we£ug isiqkag Wmfoia
fokak'
wkï ukï úys¿ ;y¿ jdo újdo wreu mqÿu wiaila uq,a,la
²² tu jpk yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² hq., hkq folla nj;a tl jr mo folla u fh§u hq., moj, úfYaI;ajh nj;a
meyeÈ,s lrkak' fuu hq., mo Ndú;h ksid l;d lrk foa" ,shk foa w,xldr
jk nj o meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² hq., mo ,sùfï § ta mo fol fjka lr ,súh hq;= nj yqkq mqjrefõ we;s hq., mo
WodyrKhg .ksñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² —wfma nd,olaI l|jqr˜ fþofha i|yka jdlH WodyrKhg .ksñka hq., mo
jdlHj, fh§ we;s wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² by; i|yka tla tla hq., mo my fhdod jdlH myla ,sùug isik
q g
a wjia:dj fokak'

m%ia;dj msre`M
l%shdldrlu 6
mshjr 1
²² ;=ka jk iy y;r jk fY%a‚j, § W.;a my; i|yka m%ia;dj msre`M tlska tl
mjiñka" m%ia;dj msre`M ms<sn| isiqkaf.a u;lh wjÈ lrjkak'
)) mrx.shd fldaÜfÜ .shd jf.a
)) ufâ ysgjmq bkak jf.a
)) bíndf.ka msydgq b,a,kjd jf.a
)) bÈlgqjhs kQ,hs jf.a
)) <sf|a bkak f.ïnd jf.a

)) b`.=re § ñßia .;a;d jf.a

)) wdç y;afokdf.a le| ye<sh jf.a
)) l`Mjd udrmka .shd jf.a
)) lgqiaidf.a lf¾ r;a;rka nekaod jf.a
)) lels,af,a rÊcqrejkaf.a kvq ;Skaÿj jf.a

²² tu tla tla m%i;

a dj msre< Ndú; jk wjia:dj ms<n
s | j o isik
q a iu`. idlÉPd
lrkak'

72
mshjr 2
²² my; i|yka m%ia;dj msre`M we;=<;a mdvu iylshùul fhfokak'

tlai;a iyfhda.s;d iñ;sh u`.ska wfma .fï Ôj;a jk wirK uõmsh

fom<lg ksjila ie§fï lghq;= wdrïN lf<a óg udihlg by; §
h' ieu bßod Èkhl u tys jev lghq;= i|yd Wojq §ug .fï fndfyda
msßila meñ‚hy' uf.a ;d;a;d tu iñ;sfha iNdm;s Oqrh oerE fyhska
;d;a;dg ks;r tys hEug isÿ úh'
uu o ;d;a;d iu`. bßod Èkhl tys .sfhñ' wms tys hk úg .fï
jeäysá" ;reK fndfyda fofkla meñK w¨f;ka idok ksjfiys jev
lrñka isáhy'
—fudlo rka nKavd udfï lmdmq ldKqj jykafka ˜ hehs lmdmq
ldKqjla jiñka isá rka nKavd iShdf.ka ;d;a;d úuiS h'
—wfka n,kakflda uy;a;hd' ñÿf, j;=r tl;= fjk ksid fu;kska
ldKqjla lmkak lsh,d id,sh mq;d lsjj q d' oeka iqk,
s a u,a,s fu;kg
weú;a lshkjd" ñÿf, ueo ldKq lmkak fyd| kE" jykak lsh,d' Wfoa
b|ka uykais fj,d ldKqj lemqjd' lsiu
s m%fhdackhla jqfKa kE' yßhg
.`.g bks lemqjd jf.a fohla ;uhs ug;a jqfKa˜ hehs rka nKavd iShd
lsjfq õ h'
wms ksji ;=<g .sfhuq' isßu,a udud iy rejka udud ìug fldkalÜ
S%
ouñka isáhy' ´kE u fmdÿ jevlg iyfhda.h fok isßu,a udud iy
rejka udud ldre‚l yoj;a we;a;ka nj .fï ish¨ fokd u mejiQy' Ñ;%
we£ug iy .S; .dhkhg o olaI fï fofokd tlsfkldg fyd¢ka .e<fmk
l,K ñ;=frda fofofkls' ta ksid u .fï wh rhs.uhhs .ïm<hhs jf.a
hehs fudjqka ÿgq úg mji;s'
ksjfiys tla fldgil jy,hg Ímam .eiSug iQodkï j isá id,sh
udud" —jyf,g Ímam fokak ;j flfkla ´kE fjkjd˜ hehs mejiqfõ h'
—ug mq`Mjks' uu Woõjg tkakï˜ hehs lshñka fldfya foda isg
t;ekg meñ‚ fialr udud mejiqfõ h' —fialr whsfha" Thdg b‚uf`.a
k`.skak nE" u;l fka ojila fïihla Wvg ke`.,;a l,kaf; yefokak
wdjd' uu Ímam ál u,a,sg fokakï˜ hehs ;d;a;d mejiqfõ h'

—ug b‚uf`.a k.skak mq`Mjka' n,kakfld uu keÕ,d wmQrejg Ímam

ál fok yeᘠhehs fialr udud ;d;a;df.a l;dj wkqu; fkdlrñka
b‚ufÕa k`.skakg úh' ksjfiys jev lrñka isá yeu fokd u fialr
udud b‚uf.a k`.sk whqre ne,Sug meñ‚hy'

73
 b‚ufÕa nd.hla ÿr ke`. .;a fialr udud ìu n,d" isá ;ek u
ksfid,auka úh' Tyq weia jid .;af;a h' wef`.ka oyÈh .,d hkakg úh'
kej; k`.ks ka g W;aidy l< o Tyqf.a ll=,a fjjq,S h' —yd ' ' ' yd ' ' '
fialr whsfha ´l ;uhs uu lsjf q õ' flda ' ' ' oeka fyñysg mfriaifuka
b‚ufÕka nyskk a ˜ hehs ta foi n,d isá ;d;a;d lsjf q õ h'
—yß ' ' ' yß ' ' ' TÉpr lshkj kï uu nyskk a ï' yenehs uu fï
nyskfa ka b‚ufÕa hkak neßlug fkfuhs' fuÉpr l;d lrk tfla
lshk foa;a wykak tmd he' wksl fï b‚ufÕa wäh ;shk ,S w;r mr;rh
f.dvla jeähs' ldg jqK;a fuÉpr ll=,a wE;a lr,d b‚uÕl kÕskk a nE˜
hkqfjka mjiñka fialr udud b‚ufÕka neiafia h'
ljqre;a Tyqg iskdfiñka —´l ;uhs lshkafka kßhd ñÈ ;s;;
a hs lsjj
q d
jf.a lsh,d˜ hehs mejiQy'
fï w;r iqukd kekaod f;a fcda.j
= la /f.k meñ‚fha —wo kï ug
blaukg hkak ´kE' fï f;a ál î,d ysáhd kï˜ hehs mjiñks'
wm ish¨ fokd f;a ìjQ miq iqukd kekaod f;a fcda.j
= ;a /f.k hEug
msg;a jQjd h'
—iqukd wlafla" T;kska hkak tmd' weK .ymq Ímam j.hl=;a ;snK
q d'
fifrmamq folla j;a odf.k keye fka' wksl jyf,a Èyd n,df.k hkak
tmd' ll=f,a weK wefkhs'˜ hehs Ímam .eiSug jy,hg ke`. isá id,sh
udud lsjf
q õ h'
—wfka kE u,a,'S uu wdfj;a fu;kska fk' wksl uu jyf,a Èyd
n,df.khs wdfõ' flda tl weKhla j;a wekqfK keye' fu;kska .shd u
ug blaukska hkak mq`Mjka' tfykï n,kakfld" uu tl weKhla j;a
wek .kafka ke;=j jyf,a Èyd;a n,df.k fu;kska hk yeᘠhehs id,sh
ududg mjiñka iqukd kekaod Ímam Wäka hkakg jQjd h'
túg u —whsfhda ' ' ' uf.a ll=,' wfka udj fu;kska .kak˜ hehs ú,dm
foñka lE.ik iqukd kekaod wi,g ieu fokd u tl;= jQy'
Ímam f.dv wi,ska wehj msg;g .;a miq hlv weKhla wef.a ll=f,ys
wekS f,a .,ñka ;sfnkjd uu ÿgqfjñ'
—fï jf.a fj,djg ;uhs lg ksid bínd keyqK jf.a lshkafka˜ hehs
mjiñka weh <`. u we;s frday,g /f.k .shy'
Èjd wdydrh .kakd úg tÈkg kshñ; fndfyda jev ksu ù ;sn‚
q ' fï
w;r w;a lsh;la /f.k meñ‚ .dñŒ udud Ímamhla brkakg mgka .;af;a
h' tflfKys u t;kg meñ‚ id,sh udud" —wehs .dñŒ whsfha fï Ímam
brkafka @˜ hehs weiqfõ h'
74
 —iqñ;a u,a,s lsjqjd ;sfhk Ímam È. jeä hs lsh,d' ta ksid ug fï
,l=Kq l< ;ekska lmkak lsjqjd˜ hehs lsjqfõ h'

—jyf, È.g fï Ímam ál Tlafldu uu Bfha ,S fudaf,ka lmdf.k

wdfõ' fïjd ;j;a lemqfjd;a È. uÈ fjkj fka' ´l kj;ajkak˜ hehs
lshñka Ímam lemSug Wmfoia ÿka iqñ;a udud foig yereKq id,sh udud"
—iqñ;a u,a,s yß Wmfoila fk §,d ;sfhkafka' okak flfkl=f.ka wy,d
fyd|g fydh,d n,, fka jevla lrkak ´kE' yßhg iqñ;a u,a,f s .a
kqjK;a uyoekuq;; a df.a kqjK jf.afka˜ hehs fkdreiaik iajrhlska
lsjfq õ h'

mshjr 3
²² wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isik
q g
a fþofhka fldgila ne.ska lshùug wjia:dj fokak'
²² fþofha we;=<;a m%ia;dj msre`Mj,g jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka isiqka iu`.
idlÉPd lrkak'
²² tla tla m%ia;dj msre< Ndú; ù we;s wjia:dj fþofha wka;¾.;h weiqfrka
meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
²² idlÉPd lrk m%ia;dj msre`M yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² kej; tla tla m%ia;dj msref<ys w¾:h isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

)) .`.g bks lemqjd jf.a - ÿla uykaisfhka l< jevl m%;sM,hla fkd,eîu'
)) rhs.uhhs .ïm<hhs jf.a - .e<fmk woyia yd .;s.=K ;sîu
)) kßhd ñÈ ;s;a;hs lsjqjd jf.a - hula lsÍug W;aidy lr th lr .;
fkdyels úg tys w.=K lSu'
)) lg ksid bínd keyqKd jf.a - iqÿiq kqiqÿiq foa úpdr nqoaêfhka fkdúuid
l;d lsÍu
)) uyoekuq;a;df.a kqjK jf.a - w¥ro¾YS Wmfoia §u

mshjr 4
²² by; m%i;a dj msre¿ ks¾udKh ùug mdol jQ l;kaor fjka fjka j isik
q g
a
mjikak'
²² tu l;kaor weiqßka tla tla m%i;
a dj msref<ys Ndú;h kej; isik
q g
a wjOdrKh
lrkak'

75
mshjr 5
²² my; ±lafjk mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lr .kak'
²² jryka ;=<ska f;dard iqÿiq m%ia;dj msre< ,shd ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lsÍug Wmfoia
fokak'

jryka ;=<ska f;dard ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

)) fndfyda ÿla uykaisfhka l< jevl lsisÿ m%;sM,hla

fkd ,eîu'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
)) tl iudk .;s.=K woyia ;sfnk fofofkl=f.a tl;=j
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''
)) ;udg l< yels hehs úYajdi hula lsÍug f.dia th l<
fkdyels ùu'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
)) iqÿiq kqiqÿiq foa ms<sn| j fkd;ld hula lSfuka úmdl
ú|Su
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
)) w¥ro¾YS f,i ,nd fok Wmfoila
'''''''''''''''''''''''
^uyoekuq;a;df.a kqjK jf.a" rhs.uhhs .ïm<hhs jf.a"
.`.g bks lemqjd jf.a" kßhd ñÈ ;s;a;hs lsjqjd jf.a" lg
ksid bínd keyqKd jf.a&

rEÎ$b`.s jels
l%shdldrlu 6
mshjr 1
²² ;=ka jk fY%a‚fha § W.;a rEÐ$b`.s jels u;lhg kxjkak'
)) tl yqiaug )) wl=rla kEr )) bfya u,la msmqKd
)) wkQ kjfhka fíreKd )) fudriQrk jeiai

²² tla tla rEÐh$b`.s jelsh Ndú; wjia:dj ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPdjl
fhfokak'

mshjr 2
²² zmdi,a j.d ìuZ fþofha msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² fþoh wdo¾Y lshùul fhfokak'

76
 mdi,a j.d ìu

mdi,a j;af;a msgqmi we;s ìï fldgil wfma mka;sfha j.d ìu ilia

lr we;' ieu i÷odjl u WoEikska meñfKk isiqyq tys j,a me<
.e,ùu" fmdfydr oeóu iy j;=r oeóu wdÈ lghq;= lr;s'
tla i÷odjl WoEik 6'30 jk úg meñK isá wms .=re;=ñh o iu`.
j.d ìug .sfhuq'
—fjk odg óg jvd <uhs Wfoka u tkjd fka' wo fudl o fï <uhs
wvq @˜ hehs .=re;=ñh wm foi n,ñka mejiqjd h'
—wks;a wh oeka ths àp¾˜ hehs mú;%d lsjqjd h'
—tfyu neye fk orejfka' mqxÑ ldf, b|, u mqreÿ fjkak ´kE
fj,djg jev lrkak' we`. fír.kak jev lr,d yß hkafka keye'
j.lSula mejrejd kï ta foa yßhg lrkak ´kE˜ .=re;=ñh lsjqjd h'
wfma j.dìu md;a;s ;=klska iukaú; h' tla md;a;shl wuq ñßia o
;j;a md;a;shl nKavlald o wfkla md;a;sfha jïngq o j.d lr we;'
tÈk fmdfydr f.k taug ;snqfKa lú÷g h' wms md;a;sj, j,a me<
.,jñka isáfhuq' lú÷ y;s ouñka ud wi,g meñKsfha h' /f.k wd
nE.h o ìu ;enqfõ h'
—lú÷ fudl o fï nh fj,d jf.a˜ uu Tyq foi n,ñka úuiqfjñ'
—ug wo mrlal= jqKd' àp¾ n‚hs lsh,d nhg u ug ySka odäh
oeïud˜ lú÷ lsjqfõ h' uu Tyqf.a is; iekiqfjñ'
ñßia md;a;sfha wuq ñßia me<j, lr,a ìug nr ù ;sfnkq oelSu wm
ldf.a;a i;=gg fya;= úh'
—fï <uhs f.dvla uykais jqKd fka' ta ksid ;uhs m,odj fufyu
,enqfKa˜ hehs .=re;=ñh ñßia lr,a w,a,ñka mejiqjd h'
—fï .uk wdodhfuka wfma mka;shg fmd;a w,audßhla .kak mq`Mjka
fkao àp¾˜ ldjHd .=re;=ñhf.ka úuiqjd h'
—ldjHd ta álg wyfi ud,s.d;a yo,d fka˜ hehs mejiQ .=re;=ñh —fï
mdr wdodhfuka kï neß fjhs' ta;a wms W;aidy lruqflda˜ hehs o mejiqjd
h'
lùI iy mis÷ Wia y`äka l;d lrkq weiS .=re;=ñh Tjqka isá
nKavlald md;a;sh wi,g .shd h'
—àp¾" fï nKavlald lr,a ;shk w;a; mis÷ levqjd˜ hehs lùI lsjf
q õ h'
—fudlo mis÷ jqfKa @ we;a; lshkak'˜ mis÷ l÷`M msß fofk;ska
hq;= j .=re;=ñh foi ne¨jd h'
—mis÷ mka;sfha bkak fyd| <ufhla fka' ljrod j;a ldg j;a
wnu,a f¾Kqjl j;a jrola lrkafka keyefka' Thd okakjd fïl
levqfõ ljqo lsh,d'˜ àp¾ mis÷j uqrex.d w;af;a ;nñka lSjd h'

77
 —uu fkfjhs àp¾ levqfõ' lùIhs uuhs fu;k fi,a,ï l<d'
t;fldg uf.a w; nKavlald w;af; jeÈ, w;a; levqKd'˜
—fyd|hs lùI" jrola jqK;a we;a; lshk tl ;uhs jeo.;a'˜ mis÷f.a
wjxllug .=re;=ñh m%Yxid l<d h'

mshjr 2
²² wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isik
q a lsym
s fofkl=g mdvfï fldgi ne.ska lshùug fokak'
²² fþofha we;=<;a rEÐ$b`.s jels ms<sn| jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka isiqka iu`.
tys Ndú;h ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'
²² idlÉPd lrk tla tla rEÐh$b`.ss jelsh yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² rEÐhla$b`.s jelshla uÕska m%ldY lsÍug hk woyi jvd meyeÈ,s j;a" rij;a
f,i;a bÈßm;a l< yels njg tla tla rEÐh$b`.ss jelsh Ndú; wjia:dj
WodyrKhg f.k isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² tfuka u rEÐhl$b`.s jelshl jpkj, u;=msg w¾:hg blaujd hk w¾:hla we;s
njg tla tla rEÐh$b`.s jelsh fhfok wjia:dj WodyrKhg .ksñka ;j ÿrg;a
rEÐ$b`.s jels Ndú;h isiqkag ;yjqre lrkak'
)) we`. fírd .kakjd - j.lSfuka fíÍu
)) ySka odäh oeïud - oeä fia ìhg m;a ùu
)) wyfia ud,s.d - bgq fkdjk isysk ueùu
)) wnu,a f¾Kqjla - b;d u l=vd m%udKhla
)) uqrex.d w;af;a ;shkjd - rjgkq msKsi j¾Kkd lsÍu

mshjr 4
²² my; i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lr .kak'
²² rEÐhg$b`.ss jelshg .e<fmk w¾:h fldgqj ;=< we;s jdlHj,ska f;dard ,súug
isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'

ysia;ekg .e<fmk jdlHh fldgqj ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

)) we`. fírd .kakjd - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)) ySka odäh oeïud - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)) wyfia ud,s.d - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)) wnu,a f¾Kqjla - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
)) uqrex.d w;af;a ;shkjd - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

b;d u iq`M m%udKhla fyda ye`.ùug lshhs'$ ;udg mejreKq

j.lSulska fíÍfï § lshhs'$ bgq fkdjk isysk ueùul § lshhs'$
rjgkq ms‚i wkjYH f,i lrk j¾Kkdjl § lshhs'$oeä fia
ìhg m;a jQ fudfyd;l § lshhs'

78
wdmaf;damfoaY
l%shdldrlu 7
mshjr 1
²² my; i|yka fþoh ijka §ug i,iajkak'

Tjoka ms<smÈuq
isxy, iñ;sh ieu udihl u wjidk islr
= dod mdif,a m%Odk Yd,dfõ
§ meje;afõ' fujr iñ;shg uu o l;djla bÈßm;a lf<ñ' ta —Tjoka
ms<m
s e§fï˜ jákdlu ms<n
s |j hs'
isiy
q q kshñ; fõ,djg m%Odk Yd,djg meñ‚hy' wd.u isys lsÍfuka
wk;=re j iñ;sfha lghq;= wdrïN úh' isikq a lsym
s fofkl=f.a lú" .S
.dhkdj,ska wk;=re j uf.a l;d jdrh t<ôK'
—iNdfjka wjir hs" ud fu;kg meñ‚fha Tjoka ms<m
s e§fï w.h
ms<n
s | j l;djla bÈßm;a lsÍug hs'
wms ish¨ fokd u bf.k .kakd l=vd <uhs' l=vd l, isg u wm hym;a
foa lsÍug is;d .; hq;= hs'
mdif,a § W.kajk foa ms<ns | j wjOdkfhka ijka §u b;d jeo.;a'
tÈkg kshñ; bf.kSfï lghq;= tÈk u lsÍu b;d fyd| fohla' ksjfia
§ lrf.k taug fok jev jqj o tÈk u ksu l< hq;= hs' tÈkg kshñ;
jev lghq;= tÈk u fkdlf<d;a jev f.dv .efikjd' jev f.dv .eiSu
ksid tl u jevla j;a ksjerÈ j lr .kak neß fjkjd' wo l< hq;= foa
fygg l,a fkdoukak lshkafka ta ksid hs'
jeäysáhka fuka fkdj wm" wmf.a jhig" ;rug .e<fmk jev l<
hq;= hs' bf.kSfï § o .=rejrekaf.a;a fouõmshkaf.a;a wjjdoj,g lSlre
úh hq;= h' tfia fkdue;s j wlSlre j wmg fkd.e<fmk jev lsÍfuka
mßydkshg m;a fjkjd' we`., s f
a ,a ;rug bÈfukak hk lshuk thg
.e<fmk nj ug isf;kjd'
l=uk jevla lsÍug fmr jqj o wm is;d n,d" úuid lghq;= l< hq;= hs'
bf.k .ekSfï § o wfma wkd.;h .ek is;d lghq;= lsÍu jeo.;a fjkjd'
iqÿiq l, iqÿiq ;SrK .; hq;= hs' túg wkd.;fha § miq;eùug isÿ jkafka
keye' mkskk a fmr is;d n,kq hehs lshkafka tjka wjia:dj, hs'
bf.k .kakd wmg ñ;=re weiqr ke;s j u neye' ñ;=rka iu`.
iu`.s j isáh hq;= hs' Tjqka iqyo j weiqre l< hq;= hs' hy`Mjka
tlsfkld w;r nyska nia ùfï § Tjqfkdjqka iu`.s jk f,i lghq;=

79
 l< hq;= hs' tlsfkld wukdm lsÍu fkdl< hq;= hs' weúf<k .skk a g
msÿre oukak tmd hehs lshkafka ta ksid hs' tfia l< fyd;a isÿ jkafka
wk¾:hla u hs'
tfuka u wm bf.k .;a foh fidr i;=frl=g j;a" lsis od .kak neye'
wm <`. we;s WmlrK" jia;j = fidr i;=rkag ´kE u úgl .; yels
hs' tfy;a wm ,nk Ys,m a h ljod j;a fidr i;=frl=g .kak neye' ta
ksid fyd¢ka wOHdmkh ,enQ úg /ljrKh ,efnkafka;"a u;=jg msyg s
,efnkafka;a thsku a hs' W.; ukd Ys,m a h u hs u;= /flkd hkqfjka
mjid we;af;a ta ksid hs'
fidfydhqre" fidhqßhks" fï Tjoka fyd¢ka jgyd f.k lghq;= lsÍfuka
wms Ôú;h ch .kakg wêIaGdk lr .ksu'q
iNdfõ Tn ieug ia;;
= s hs'˜

mshjr 2
²² by; i|yka fþofha msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² wyUq f,i f;dard.;a isik
q a lsym
s fofkl=g fþofha fldgi ne.ska lshùug fokak'
²² fþofha we;=<;a zwdmaf;damfoaYZ ms<sn| j jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka isiqka
iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² idlÉPd lrk zwdmaf;damfoaYZ yqkq mqjrefõ ,shkak'
²² me/kakka úiska WmfoaYd;aul w¾:fhka mjik ,o lshuka wdmaf;damfoaY
jYfhka ye¢kafõ' fndfyda úg fïjd úOdk iajrEmfhka bÈßm;a flf¾'
²² fï wkqj l;d lsÍfï § fyda ,sùfï § fyda jvd meyeÈ,s j iy iqúfYaI j hï
lreKla biau;= lr oelaùu;a w,xldrh ms‚i;a zwdmaf;damfoaYZ Ndú; jk nj
by; fþofha wdmaf;damfoaY Ndú; ù we;s wdldrh WodyrKhg f.k meyeÈ,s
lrkak'

)) wo l< hq;= foa fygg l,a fkdoukak'

- wo l< hq;= foa wo u lrkak' fygg
l,a fkdoukak'
)) we`.s,af,a ;rug bÈfukak - m%udKhg jvd wyxldr fkdjkak'
)) mkskak fmr is;d n,kq' - hula lsÍug fmr is;d n,kak'
)) weúf<k .skakg msÿre fkdoukak - wdrjq,la ;j ;j;a weúiaiSug lghq;=
fkdlrkak'
)) W.; ukd Ys,m
a h u hs u;= /flkd - W.;a Ys,amh u u;= wdrlaIdj i,ihs'

80
mshjr 3
²² my; i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lr .kak'
²² wdmaf;damfoaYhg .e<fmk w¾:h jryka ;=< we;s jdlHj,ska f;dard ,sùug
Wmfoia fokak'

ysia;ekg .e<fmk jdlHh jryka ;=<ska f;dard ,shkak'

)) wo l< hq;= foa fygg l,a fkdoukak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

)) we`.s,af,a ;rug bÈfukak'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

)) mkskak fmr is;d n,kq'

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

)) weúf<k .skakg msÿre fkdoukak'

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

)) W.; ukd Ys,amh u hs u;= /flkd'

'''''''''''''''''''''''

^m%udKhg jvd wyxldr fkdjkak'$ jev l,a fkdoukak'$

hula lsÍug fmr is;d n,kak'$ W.;a foa ieuod /flhs'$
wdrjq,la ;j ;j;a weúiaiSu fkdlrkak'&

Wmud
l%shdldrlu 8
mshjr 1
²² my; i|yka lú fol we;=<;a msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
fyd| <uhd rd;%sh
mdg iqj| tl jf.a iuka msÉp u,a bysreKq
;sfnk frdai u, jf.a ks,a ;Kfld< msÜgkshla
lSlre fmdä <uhf.a jf.hs wyi wkak n,kq
ljqre;a mji;s wf.a fldÉpr ,iaik o ?g
uõmshkag .=rejreka g nluQfKda mshdU;S
.=Kj;a jeä uy,a,ka g wks;a l=re,af,da kso;S
lSlre jk fmdä;a;ka g fnda w;=j, t,a,S f.k
mq¿jks f,dj nn<jka g ud jjqf,da lE.i;S

81
 fmd;g m;g is; §u hs uf. iqr;,a wlaldf.a
yels ;rñka bf.kSu hs udf,a uq;= weg jdf.a
ldf.;a is;a mskùu hs fï jefgkafk msks ìkaÿ;a
fï ál wfm mej;Su hs youq tlla ta jdf.a
fmdäu,a fld< ;sfnk .yd y|ydó wm Èydj
ief,k f,iska tyd fuyd tî n,hs md yskdj
fyd| <uhd fkdj ;ryd isys,a iq<x oe,a ú¢kak
wjjdfog kefuhs jyd fodrg hkak fyd| fj,dj
u,aj, iqñysß meŒ wyfia ;re u,a msms,d
weo fndk nUrd fukS fmdf<dfõ iqÿ u,a msms,d
fyd| <uhd kqj‚ kS uÕ=,a f.j,a folla jf.hs
fyd| foa f;dard .kS fï fom< u yev .eys,d
tia' uyskao ysñ tia' uyskao ysñ

mshjr 2
²² m<uq j isiqka iuÕ lsysm jrla lú .dhkd lrkak'
²² lúj, w¾:h isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
²² tu lúj, hï fohlg fyda hï flfkl=g fyda hï ;eklg fyda hula iudk
lr we;s wjia:d isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'
Wod ( zfyd| <uhdZ lú fmf<ys lSlre fmdä <uhd zmdg iqj| tl jf.a
;sfnk frdai u,lgZ iudk lr we;s nj mjikak'

mshjr 3
²² fuf,i zrd;%shZ lú fm< o isiqka iuÕ lsysm jrla .dhkd lrkak'
²² tu lúj, w¾:h isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
²² lúj, hï fohlg fyda hï flfkl=g fyda hï ;eklg fyda hula iudk lr
we;s wjia:d fjk fjk u isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'

82
mshjr 4
²² my; i|yka .S; fol we;=<;a msgm; ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g u ,nd fokak'
²² tu .S; jrlg tlla ne.ska jk fia .dhkd lrkak'

l=yqUq fmryer ysre tkfldg wdldfia

mqxÑ l+ô fm< .eys,d rka ;re u,a fldys hkj o
l¿ idhï brla jf.a j,dl=<la fmdrjd f.k
fldfya fldfya hkj o fï y|ydñ;a ksÈhkj o
iqÿ yqkq .E ì;a;s Èf.a .ia wiafika ;Sre ;Sre
fmdf;a wl=re fma<s jf.a tk ysre /ia idß jf.hs
È.ska È.g fm< .eys,d wïug fokakg ys;=K;a
rc fmryer hkj o Th w,a, .kak neß .dk hs
lshkak fmdä l+ôhfka u,a fm;s u; uq;= msksleg
u;= Èkhla .ek ys;,d wïug udf,lg fyd|hs
lkak wyr /ia lr,d wyq,d .kak yok fldg u
wkd.;h .ek ys;kak taj;a fldfyfoda yexf.hs
wmg;a Th lshkjd o @ .dhkh ( ;¾IK udOj fmf¾rd
ix.S;h ( frdayK ùrisxy
.dhkh ( liqka l,aydr mo ( uyskao w,a.u
ix.S;h ( ;kqcd m%shka;s nkaÿ,
mo ( uyskao w,a.u

²² isiqka ish¨ fokd u iuÕ .S;h .dhkd lrkak'

²² tu .S;fha w¾:h isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
²² .S;fha hï fohlg fyda hï flfkl=g fyda hï wjia:djlg fyda hula iudk
lr we;s wjia:d fjk fjk u isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'

mshjr 5
²² my; i|yka fþo foflys msgm;a isiqkag ,nd fokak'

.Õ woaor lef,a - fidauùr fiakdkdhl

myqr .Õ my<g we§ .sfha h' .Õ fomi we;s WK m÷rej, w.sia
.Õg keó we;af;a lr Wiaid wm foi n,d isák ñksik q a fuks' ta
WK m÷rej, jeiQ fldl=kf a .a iqo fmfkkafka b.sf<k úg h' úYd,
fldÜgx .iaj, t,a¨Kq jjq,ka kÕk y~ Ñß Ñßia yçka wefia' Wka
mshUd hkafka fy,sfldmag¾ hdkd mßoafoks' lÿre" lsr," fodU" weye<"
ysla wdÈ .ia .Õ fomi isák uqrlrejka jekak' we;eï .il w;a;la
.Õ Èfhys .Efjkafka .Õ yd ryia fld÷rk f,isk's mi fidaod hdu
ksid iuyr .il uq,a wmg fmfkkafka w~q úysod.;a oejeka; if;l=
fuks' ;j;a ;ekl we;s úYd, .ia fnkh flfkl=g mÈxÑhg ;rï
fjhs'

83
 ufvd,a ¥j - ud¾áka úl%uisxy
.il fld<hla mjd fid,jk ;rï iq<Õ l=ÿ fkdyeuQ ksid ksikai,
jQ Èh we;s kÈh" ks,a ñ‚ ;,djla fia nn<hs' kÈfhys wE; ;ekska ;ek
jQ .,al¿= wi, kj;ajk ,o Tre;a tys ys|f.k ud¿ ndk ñksik q ;
q a wmg
fmkqfKa l¿ mdg fijKe,s f,isk's <ysre /iska nenf<k Èh we;s
kÈfhys we;eï ;ekla ߧ l|la fia is;a .ksh's w;=rk ,o ud.,a meÿrla
fia Èhl| jid isá fm| we;sß,a, Wäka Trej meoùu wudre ldßhla úh'
ynf,ys weú,Sfuka yn,;a iuÕ Èfhka biafik fm| leáj,ska mksk
l+kis f
a ida" fmdß biskk
a la fuka h<s;a Èfhys jefg;s'
²² tla tla fþoh Yío kÕd lshjkak'
²² isik
q a iuÕ o fþoh Yío kÕd lshjkak'
²² tu fþoh weiqßka hï fohla fyda hï flfkl= fyda hï ia:dkhla fyda hulg
iudk lr we;s wdldrh kej; wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² fuf,i wfkla fþoh o f.k by; wdldrhg l%shdldrlfuys fhfokak'
²² tys § —jf.a" fuka" fuks" fia" f,iska" mßoafoka" jeks˜ hk mo fhdod hï fohla
fyda hï flfkl= fyda hï wjia:djla hulg iudk lsÍu isÿ lr we;s nj;a"
²² hï fohlg fyda hï flfkl=g fyda hï wjia:djlg fyda hula iudk lsÍfï §
tu jia;=fjys fyda mqoa.,hl=f.a fyda ia:dkfha fyda ndysr fmkqu$.=Kdx. iudk
lsÍug .kakd foh iuÕ .e<msh hq;= nj;a § we;s lú" .S; iy fþoj, WodyrK
weiqßka kej; wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² fuf,i hï fohlg fyda hï flfkl=g fyda hï wjia:djlg fyda hula iudk
lrkafka kï th zWmudjZ f,iska y÷kajk nj isiqkag wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² hulg hula iudk lr ,sùfuka lúhla fyda .S;hla fyda jdlHhla fyda jvd
rij;a j ,súh yels nj by; WodyrK f.k isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
mshjr 6
²² my; i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lrkak'
²² ysia;ekg .e<fmk Wmudj jryka ;=<ska f;dard my; lú iïmQ¾K lsÍug
isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

)) ? wyfia i| nn<hs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
? wyfia ;re Èÿ,hs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
)) wlaldf.a iskd uqyqK
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
kx.Sf.a iskd lfÜ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^frdai u,la fia u fmfkhs'$ wïudf.a uqyqK jf.hs$
uq;= fia o;a fm< È,sfia$ lyu,a j;a;la jdf.hs&

84
mshjr 7
²² my; i|yka mßÈ mejreï m;la ilia lr.kak'
²² ysia;ekg .e<fmk Wmudj jryka ;=<ska f;dard jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ysi;
a ekg .e<fmk Wmudj f;dard ysi;
a ekg ,shd jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

1' kx.Sf.a iqr;,a uqyqK

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' nei hk ysre
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' wfma .fï jej wE;g fmfkkafka
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' rd;%sfha mshdUk lKueÈßhka

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

5' wfma .u jgd úys§ we;s l÷ fm<

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^.u wdrlaId lrk mjqrla jeksh$ r;a meye .ekajqKq .sks fnda,hla fuka
Èia fõ$ frdai u,la jeks h' $ wyfia Èÿ,k ;re fuka fmKqks' $ uqyqola
f,isks'&

85
 L6 S6

bf.kqï m,
²² hful= lrk l;djlg wjOdkfhka yd bjiSfuka hq;= j ijka fohs'
²² iqyoj yd ixhufhka hq;= j ;u woyia m< lrhs'
²² lKavdhula iu`. tla j idlÉPd lrñka woyia yqjudre lr .kshs'

.=rejreka iuÕ ikaksfõokh

l%shdldrlu 1
²² isiqka ksoyia ia:dkhlg /f.k f.dia wvljhla wdldrhg jdä lrjkak'
²² zwms idys;Hh weiqre lruqZ hkqfjka idlÉPdjla wdrïN lrkak'
²² l
;kaor" lú" .S;" f;arú,s" kdgH" Ñ;%mg wdÈh idys;Hhg we;=<;a jk nj
mjikak'
²² <uhskag u fjka jQ iy iqÿiq l;kaor" lú" .S;" f;arú,s" kdgH" Ñ;%mg ;sfnk
nj o isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² isiqka leu;s iy okakd l;kaor" lú" .S;" f;arú,s" kdgH" Ñ;%mg ms<sn| j
úuikak'
²² l;kaor fmd;a lshùu" lú ri ú£u" .S; ri ú£u" f;arú,s úi£u" fõÈld kdgH
ne,Su" <ud kdgH ne,Su" <ud Ñ;%mg ne,Su wdÈ foaj,a isÿ l< wjia:d ms<sn|
isiqka ,;a w;aoelSï úuikak'
²² tys § .=rejrhdf.a w;aoelSï o tl;= lrkak'
²² fuf,i idys;Hh weiqre lsÍfuka jk m%fhdack isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
Wod ( ) úfõlh M,odhS j .; lsÍug ,eîu
)) is; ieye,a¨ ùu
)) ks¾udKYS,S woyia we;s ùu
)) is; i;=gg m;a ùu
)) úúO w;aoelSï ,eîug yels ùu wdÈh

l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1
²² isiqka wv ljhla wdldrhg jdä lrjkak'
²² isiqkag m%sh Wmojk rij;a l;kaorhla mjikak'
²² tys § wx. p,k" mska;+r wdÈ l%u Ndú; lrñka l;kaorh mjikak'
²² l;kaorh mejiSfï § isiqka ish¨ u fokdf.a wjOdkh r|jd ;nd .kak'
²² l;kaorh ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

86
l%shdldrlu 3
²² isiqka ksoyia ia:dkhlg /f.k hkak'
²² isiqka okakd" leu;s .S;hla ms<sn| j úuikak'
²² .=rejrhd o isiqka iu`. tla j .S;h .hñka rx.kfha fhfokak'
²² .S;fha wka;¾.;h ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

úfYaIs; mqoa.,hka iu`. ikaksfõokh

l%shdldrlu 1
²² ú
fYaIs; mqoa.,hka f;dard .ekSfï §" isiqkag wdo¾Yhla .; yels mqoa.,hka
f;dard .ekSu ms<sn| j jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( ) ;u mdif,a uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,nd j¾;udkfha Wiia /lshdjl ksr;
jkafkla
) iafjda;aidyfhka ch.;a mqoa.,fhla
) ks¾udKYS,S ksmehqïj, fh§ m%isoaO jQ wfhla
) .eg¨j,g uqyqK § ch .;a wfhla
²² bjiSfuka hq;= j l;djg ijka §u jeo.;a njg isiqka oekqïj;a lrkak'
²² f;dard.;a mqoa.,hd mka;s ldurhg f.kajd" Tyq ms<sn| j ir, ye¢kaùula lr
ms<s.ekSula lrkak'
²² ;
ud ÿIalr;d ueo Ôú;h ch .;a wdldrh ms<sn| j l;djla meje;aùug wdrdOkd
lrkak'
²² l
;dj wjidkfha § ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lr.; hq;= wjia:d fjf;d;a isiqkag
m%Yak weiSug wjia:dj fokak'
²² m%Yak weiSfï § .=rejrhd ieu úg u ueÈy;alrefjla jkak'
²² l;djg wod< isiq w;aoelSï fjf;d;a tajd m%ldY lsÍug o wjia:dj fokak'
²² wjidkfha § isiqjl=g úfYaIs; mqoa.,hd fjkqfjka ia;=;s lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² isiq ueÈy;aùïj, § .=rejrhd ieu úg u Wojq ,nd fokak'

l=vd lKavdhula iu`. ikaksfõokh

l%shdldrlu 1
mshjr 1
²² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
²² lshùï fmdf;a leu;s mdvula$f;dard.;a fþohl msgm;la ne.ska ieu isiqfjl=g
u ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd lKavdhulska kï lrk tla isiqfjl=g mdvfuys$fþofhys we;=<;a
jpkhla m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² lKavdhfï kï lrk ,o isiqjd m%ldY l< jpkh lKavdhfï isák ieu
isiqjl= u ;ud <`. we;s mdvfuka$fþofhka fiùug Wmfoia fokak'

87
 ²² uq,ska u fijQ isiqjd ch.%yKh l< nj mjikak'
²² fuf,i lKavdhfï ieu isiqfjl=g u f;dard.;a mdvulska$f;dard.;a fþohlska
jpk m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
²² fuh l%Svdjla wdldrhg mj;ajkak'

l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1
²² isiqka l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka lrkak'
²² tla tla lKavdhïj,g l;d lsÍug yels m%ia;=;hla$f;audjla mjikak'
Wod ( ) w¨;a wjqreÿ ld,h
)) iyNd.s jQ úfkdao .ukla
)) leu;s if;la
)) leu;s l%Svdjla
)) flfkl=g msysg jQ wjia:djla ' ' ' wdÈ
²² fok ,o m%ia;=;h$f;audj ms<sn| j l;d lsÍug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
²² lKavdhug ,enqKq m%ia;=;h$f;audj ms<sn| j lKavdhfï ish¨ u fokdf.a
w;aoelSï mejiSug fhduq lrkak'
²² lKavdhu ;=< tla tla isiqjd ;u w;aoelSu mjik úg Bg wjOdkfhka ijka
§u;a" wjYH wjia:dj, § m%Yak wid mjik foa ms<sn| j ;j ÿrg;a úuiSug;a
isiqka fhduq lrkak'
²² .=rejrhd o ieu lKavdhulg u f.dia idlÉPdj bÈßhg f.k hEug ueÈy;alrefjla
jkak'

88
 R6 W6

bf.kqï m,
²² iqn me;=ï m;a ks¾udKYS,S j ilia lsÍfï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² f;dr;=rej, iqúfYaI;d flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lr ksjerÈ j j.=.; lrhs'
²² fm!oa.,sl ,smh
s l iqúfYaI;d flfrys ie,ls,us ;a j ,sms ,shhs'
²² wdrdOkd m;%hl we;=<;a úh hq;= iqúfYaI;d flfrys ie,ls,su;a fjhs'
²² wdrdOkd m;%hla ilia lr bÈßm;a lrhs'
²² wdlD;s m;%hla ksjerÈ j iïmQ¾K lrhs'
²² hï woyila ldgQka u`.ska ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lrhs'

iqn me;=ï m;a

l%shdldrlu 01
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka iqn me;=ï m; mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

idys;H udih fjkqfjka mej;s

zfmd;a lshùfïZ ;r.fhka
iqn me;=ï jeä u fmd;a .Kkla lshjd
ch.%yKh ysñ lr .;a

''''''''''''''''''''''
fidfydhqrd$fidfydhqßhg
;j ;j;a fmd;a lshjd
Ôú;h ch .kakg
iqn me;=ï æ

''''''''''''''''''
fidfydhqrd$fidfydhqßh

²² iqn me;=ï m; lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

²² .=rejrhd iqn me;=ï mf;ys we;=<;a f;dr;=re meyeÈ,s j lshjkak'
²² i
n
q me;=ï mf;ys we;=<;" msg; ieleiau yd ,shd we;s f;dr;=re ms<n
s | j ±kqïj;a
lrkak'

mshjr 2 (
²² idys;H udih fjkqfjka mej;s fmd;a lshùfï ;r.hlska ch.%yKh l<
fidfydhqßhlg fyda fidfydhqfrl=g fyda ch.%yKh i|yd iqn me;=ï m;la
ilia lsÍug iQodkï jk nj mjikak'

89
 ²² ieu isiqfjl=g u A4 lvodishla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd A4 lvodish m<, w;g yß ueÈka kud fmkajkak'
²² isiqkag o ta wdldrfhka u keóug Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr 3 (
²² iqn me;=ï mf;ys msg me;af;a ziqn me;=ïZ hkqfjka ,shkak'
²² ta wkqj isiqkag o ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² iqn me;=ï m; w,xldr lsÍu i|yd iqn me;Sug wod< jk Ñ;%hla we£ug$fld,dÊ
ks¾udKhla lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'

mshjr 4 (
²² wk;=re j idys;H udih fjkqfjka mej;s fmd;a lshùfï ;r.fhka jeä u
fmd;a .Kkla lshjd ch.%yKh ysñ lr .;a hk iqn me;=ug wod< lreK ukd
j fm<.iajd ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'
²² by; lreK ,sùug fmr iqn me;Sug fya;=j meyeÈ,s j mjik f,ig isiqka
oekqïj;a lrkak'
²² wod< lreK meyeÈ,s jk mßÈ jpk fm<.eiaùug isiqkag iydh jkak'
²² ta wkqj jdlH fm<.iajd ,sùug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
²² wk;=re j iqn m;kafka zljqreka i|yd oZ hkak i|yka úh hq;= njg;a meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
²² bka miq j ch.%yKh bÈßhg f.k hñka Ôú;h ch .ekSug m%d¾:kdjla tla
lsÍu o isÿ l< yels nj mjid"
z;j ;j;a fmd;a lshjd
Ôú;h ch .kakg
iqn me;=ïZ hkak ,sùug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
²² wjidkfha § iqn m;kafka ljfrla o hkqfjka ,súh hq;= njg meyeÈ,s lr tys §
;u ku ,shd fidfydhqßh$fidfydhqrd f,i ,sùu l< hq;= njg Wmfoia fokak'
²² wk;=re j iqn me;=ï m;la ,sùfï § wvx.= úh hq;= lreKq we;=<;a ù ;sfí oehs
ne,Sug fhduq lrkak'
)) iqn me;=ï m; l=ula i|yd o @
)) th ,shd we;af;a ljfrla o @
)) ljqreka i|yd o @
)) iqn me;=fuys úia;rh

mshjr 5 (
²² iqn me;=ï mf;ys wvx.= lreKq kej; lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
²² iqn me;=ï m;la ilik úg th ks¾udKYS,S j l%udkql+, j ielish hq;= nj
kej; wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² wjYH wjia:djl § iqn me;=ï m;la ks¾udKYS,S j ilia lsÍug Wmfoia fokak'
Wod ( úúO ;r.j,ska ^Ñ;%" kegqï" .dhkd" lÓl" l%Svd" ' ' '& ch .;a úg

90
j.=.; lsÍï
l%shdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 (
²² my; i|yka j¾.j,g wh;a kï ,shQ lvodis ;Sre ilia lr .kak'
)) t<j`Mj, kï
)) m,;=rej, kï
)) m,d j¾.j, kï
²² tajd frda,a lr n÷klg oukak'
²² ì%ia,a fndaâ tll my; i|yka j.=j úYd, f,i ilia lr .kak'
²² th mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

t<j¿ m,;=re m<d

mshjr 2
²² tla isif
q jl=g n÷fkka frda,a lrk ,o lvodishla f.k Yío k`.d lshùug wjia:dj
fokak'
²² lshjk ,o ku wh;a jk j¾.h wkqj j.=fõ wod< ;Srefjys /|ùug$ we,ùug
fhduq lrkak'
Wod ( f.dgqfld< hk ku i|yka j ;snK
q d kï —m<d˜ hk ;Srefõ we,ùu$
/|ùu l< hq;= hs'
²² fuf,i ieu isif
q jl=g u wjia:dj fokak'
²² fuf,i j.=fõ wod< j¾.j,g wh;a ;Sre iïmQ¾K lrkak'
²² ta wkqj fuf,i j¾.j,g fjka lr ;eîu —j.=.; lsÍula˜ f,i y÷kajk nj
isik
q g
a mjikak'
²² fï wkqj tla j¾.hlg jvd we;s wjia:djl tajdfhys iqúfYaI;d i,ld j¾.j,g
fjka lsÍu j.=.; lsÍula nj by; j.=j WodyrKhg f.k meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 3
²² j.=.; lsÍug fmr" § we;s øjHj, kï fyda wod< ,ehsia;=j fyda foi wjfndaOfhka
hq;= j n,d tys we;s foa j¾. lr .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'
²² wk;=re j th j.=jla wdldrhg ilia lr.; hq;= njg meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² j.=j ilia lr .ekSfuka wk;=re j ta ta j¾.j,g wod< øjHj, kï wod<
;Srefõ ,sùu l< hq;= nj mjikak'

91
mshjr 3
²² l=re,a,ka" isjqmd i;=ka" u;aiHhka" m%dKjdÖ kdu mo$ wm%dKjdÖ kdu mo" ia;%S
,sx. kdu mo$ mqreI ,sx. kdu mo" ia:dk kdu mo" mqoa., kdu mo" i;a;aj kdu
mo" øjH kdu mo hk j¾. follg" ;=klg fyda y;rlg fyda wh;a foa ,nd §
j.=.; lsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'

fm!oa.,sl ,sms
l%shdldrlu 3
mshjr 1 (
²² fm!oa.,sl ,smshla hkq l=ula oehs isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² ¥rl;k$mß.Kl wdÈh Ndú;h ksid fm!oa.,sl ,sms ,sùu j¾;udkfha § nyq,
j isÿ fkdjk nj;a" thg fmr ,sms uÕska f;dr;=re yqjudre l< wdldrh;a
isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

mshjr 2
²² fm!oa.,sl ,smshla ,sùfï wruqK isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² tjeks ,smshla ,shkafka" ;ukaf.a ksjfia ljfrla fyda ksjiska msg j isà kï
tjeks wfhl=f.a${d;Skaf.a$hy`Mjkaf.a wdÈ whf.a iqjÿla úuiSug$f;dr;=rla
oekaùug$ fjk;a fm!oa.,sl wjYH;djlg nj isiqkag meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
²² ,smh
s la ,sùfï fjk;a wjYH;d fudkjd oehs isik
q f
a .ka úuid ms<;
s r
= e ,nd .kak'

mshjr 3
²² my; i|yka ,smsh ,shQ ì%ia,a fndaâ tl m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

ksjfia §"
2020'08'08
iem fõjd æ
ud wdorKSh wdÉÑ wïud fj;"
wdÉÑ wïud ikSmfhka bkakjd fkao @ f,dl= wïud;a
iqfjka we;ehs is;kjd' pdur whshd;a p,ks wlald;a mdi,a
hkjd o @ wms ieu fokd;a iqfjka isákjd'
;d;a;dg ksjdvqjla ,o ú.i u wdÉÑ wïud n,kakg tk
nj wïud lsjqjd' uu ta .ek ;d;a;df.ka weiqjd' ,nk i;s
wka;fha .fï hk nj ;d;a;d lsjqjd'
fï ,smsh ,shkafka wdÉÑ wïudg ta nj oekqï §ug hs' wms
,nk i;s wka;fha .fï tk nj f,dl= wïudg;a lshkak' wdÉÑ
wïud we;=¿ mjqf,a ieug §¾>dhqI m%d¾:kd lrkjd'
wdorKSh
fmdä mq;d"
yis;

92
 ²² isiqka iu`. foj;djla ,smsh lshjkak'
²² ,smsfhys i|yka ia:dkh" wdYS¾jdoh" wduka;%Kh" lreKq iy ,smsh wjika lr
we;s wdldrh ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² .=rejrhd my; oelafjk mßÈ fm!oa.,sl ,smshl wdlD;shla ilia lr .kak'
²² isik
q g
a meyeÈ,s j fmfkk mßÈ tu wdlD;sh ì%i,
a a fndaâ tll ,shd ilia lr.kak'
²² ,smsfhys wdlD;sh m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
wdlD;sh

ia:dkh
Èkh
wdYS¾jdoh
wduka;%Kh
lreKq ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
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''''''''''''''''''''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
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wjidkh

²² ,smsfhys oelafjk mßÈ ,smsfha ol=Kq miska ,smsh ,shk ia:dkh;a" Èkh;a i|yka
l< hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² Bg WodyrKh ,smsh weiqfrka fmkajd fokak'
²² tys § ia:dkh ,shQ ;ek w.g fldudj fhdok njg wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² fm!oa.,sl ,smh
s la ,sùfï § ,smh
s hjkakdg wdYS¾jdo lsÍug iqÿiq wdYS¾jdo jokla
,súh hq;= nj mjikak'
²² W
odyrK f,i ,smsfhys i|yka j we;s ziem fõjd Z hkak isiqkag fmkajd" isiqka
okakd fjk;a wdYS¾jdo ms<sn|j o wid oek.kak'
²² wdYS¾jdoh ,shd wjidkfha § y¾IdÈ ,l=K fhÈh hq;= njg isiqka oekqïj;a
lrkak'
²² fm!oa.,sl ,smh
s la ,sùfï § wduka;K
% h l< hq;= whqre isik
q g
a wjfndaO lr fokak'
²² {d;Skag ,smshla ,sùfï § wduka;%Kh i|yd —wdorŒh$iodorŒh$ohdnr˜ jeks
joka fhdok nj o" ñ;=frl=g fyda fjk;a ys;jf;l=g fyda ,sùfï § —ud ys;j;a˜
hkqfjka ,shd ñ;=rdf.a $ñ;=ßhf.a ku i|yka lrk nj o mjikak' wduka;%Kh
,shd wjidkfha fldudj fhÈh hq;= njg o isiqka oekqïj;a lrkak'
²² lreKq ,sùfï wjia:dfõ § wduka;%Khg háka we;s rEf,a l=vd bv m%udKhla
yer ,sùu wdrïN l< hq;= nj wdlD;sh yd ,smsh fmkajñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

93
 )) tys § {d;shdf.a$ ñ;=rdf.a$ñ;=ßhf.a$ ifydaorhdf.a$ifydaoßhf.a iqjÿla
úuiSu isÿ lrk nj;a" ;ud we;=`M mjqf,a wh iqfjka isák nj ,shk nj;a
mjikak'
²² ,súsh hq;= lreKq fma<s yhla$wgla jeks m%udKhlska ,sùu m%udKj;a njg o
isiqka oekqïj;a lrkak'
²² lreKq ,shd wjidkfha § o fi;a me;Su i|yd jdlHhla ,sùu l< hq;= nj
mjikak' ta i|yd ,smsfha WodyrKh f.k wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² ta wkqj fi;a me;Su ;udf.a wd.ug wkqj zf;rejka irK hs$fÊiq msysg hs$foú
/ljrK hs ' ' ' Z wdÈ f,iska l< yels nj isiqkag mjikak'
²² ,smsh ,shd wjika lrk úg ,smsh ,shQ ;eke;a;d ljfrla o hkak;a ku;a i|yka
lrk f,i Wmfoia fokak'
²² kug by<ska we;s jpkfha w.g fldudj fh§u wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² ,smsh iy wdlD;sh fmkajñka by; lreKq b;d ir, j isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mshjr 5
²² m%o¾Ykh l< ,smsh bj;a lrkak'
²² my; i|yka tla wjia:djla hgf;a fm!oa.,sl ,smshla ,sùug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
Wod ( ) mdif,a meje;ajQ w;a wl=re ;r.fhka Tn ch.%yKh l< nj okajd
Tfí ñ;=frl=g$ñ;=ßhlg hjk ,smshla
)) iShdf.a$wdÉÑ wïudf.a iqj ÿla úuiñka Tn ksjfia úia;r o okajñka
hjk ,smshla
)) ksjdvqjg Tfí ksjig tk nj okajd Tnf.a fyd| u ñ;=rdg$ ñ;=ßhg
hjk ,smshla
)) Tng Tn isá mdif,ka fjk;a mdi,lg hEug isÿ úh' tu w¨;a
mdi,a mßirh ms<sn| j okajñka ;udf.a fyd| u ñ;=rdg$ñ;=ßhg
hjk ,smshla

94
wdrdOkd m;%
l%shdldrlu 4
mshjr 1
²² my; i|yka wdrdOkd m;%h mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

wm úoHd,hfha
—m%Ndú˜ l,d ljh
ixúOdkh lrk
mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqisiqúhkaf.a
—ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh yd
;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh˜
2020 iema;eïn¾ ui 30 Èk
fm'j'9'00 g
úoHd,hSh m%Odk Yd,dfõ §
.re wOHdmk weu;s;=udf.a
m%Odk;ajfhka meje;afõ'
ta i|yd iyNd.s jk f,ig
Tn;=udg$Tn;=ñhg
f.!rjfhka wdrdOkd lruq'
m%Ndú l,d ljh

²² wdrdOkd m;%hla ilia lrkafka l=uk lreKq wrNhd o hkak isiqkag ir, j
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² wdrdOkd m;%h lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
²² .=rejrhd wdrdOkd m;%fhys we;=<;a f;dr;=re meyeÈ,s j lshjkak'
²² wdrdOkd m;%fhys we;=<; yd msg; ieleiau yd ,shd we;s f;dr;=re ms<sn| j
oekqïj;a lrkak'

mshjr 2
²² mdif,a l,d ljh ixúOdkh lrk" mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqisiqúhkaf.a ks¾udK
m%o¾Ykhg iy ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijhg wdrdOkd m;%hla ,sùug iQodkï jk nj
mjikak'
²² ieu isiqfjl=g u A4 lvodishla ne.ska ,nd fokak'
²² .=rejrhd A4 lvodish m<, w;g yß ueÈka kud fmkajkak'
²² isiqkag o ta wdldrfhka keóug Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr 3
²² wdrdOkd m;%fhys msg me;af;a zwdrdOkdZ hkqfjka ,shkak'
²² ta wkqj isiqkag o ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'

95
 ²² wdrdOkdj lsÍug fya;= jk lreKg wod< j th biau;= jk f,i wdrdOkd
m;%h ks¾udKd;aul j w,xldr lr.; hq;= njg isiqkag wjfndaO lr fokak'
Wod ( ks¾udK m%o¾Ykhla fyhska úúO ks¾udKj, Ñ;% we| fyda Tß.dó l%uhg
ks¾udKh lr fyda we;=<;a lr .; yels njg mjikak'
²² ta wkqj wdrdOkd m;%h ks¾udKd;aul j w,xldr lsÍug isiqkag u`. fmkajkak'
²² .=rejrhd o isiqka iu`. wdrdOkd m;%h w,xldr lrkak'

mshjr 4
²² wdrdOkd m;%h we;=¿ me;af;ys wdrdOkdj ms<sn| j is;a .kakd wdldrfha NdId
rgdjlska jeo.;a lreKq biau;= jk fia wdrdOkdj fláfhka oelaúh hq;= nj
isiqkag ir, j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² tu jdlH fm<.iajk wdldrh isiqkag kej; kej;;a wjfndaO lr fokak'
²² ta wkqj wdrdOkd m;%hl wvx.= úh hq;= lreKq ;sfí oehs ne,Sug Wmfoia fokak'
²² tu lreKq isik
q g
a tlska tl wdrdOkd m;%h WodyrKhg f.k meyeÈ,s lr fokak'
)) wdrdOkd m;%h l=uk ldrKhla i|yd o @
)) wdrdOkdj lrkafka ljfrla o @
)) wdrdOkdj lrkafka ld yg o @
)) m%o¾Ykh yd ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh meje;afjkafka ljr Èkl § o @
)) m%o¾Ykh yd ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh meje;afjkafka ljr fõ,djl § o@
)) m%Odk wdrdê;hd ljfrla o @
)) m%o¾Ykh yd ;Hd. m%odfkd;aijh meje;afjkafka ljr ia:dkhl § o @
²² by; lreKq tlla fyda u`. yereK fyd;a isÿ jk wmyiq;dj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

mshjr 5
²² tla tla isik
q a ieliQ wdrdOkd m;%h lshjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak'
²² wdrdOkd m;%hla ilik úg my; i|yka lreKq flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq l<
hq;= nj mjikak'
)) is;a .kakd wdldrfha NdId rgdjla ;sîu
)) jeo.;a lreKq biau;= lr oelaùu
)) wdrdOkdj fláfhka oelaùu
)) iuia; ksudj

mshjr 6
²² my; i|yka tla wjia:djla i|yd wdrdOkd m;%hla ieliSug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak'
Wod ( ) Tn mdif,a l%Svd ix.uh ixúOdkh lrk ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aijh
l,dm wOHdmk wOHlaI;=udf.a$;=ñhf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;afõ'
)) Tn mdif,a l,d ljh ixúOdkh lrk j¾Idjidk úúO m%ix.h m<d;a
wOHdmk wOHCI;=udf.a$;=ñhf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;afõ'

96
 )) mia jk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh úÿy,am;s;=ud$;=ñhf.a
m%Odk;ajfhka meje;afõ'
)) m%d:ñl wxYfha w¨;ska bÈ lrk ,o mqia;ld, f.dvke`.s,a, újD;
lsÍfï W;aijh .re wOHdmk weu;s;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka meje;afõ'

isiq w;aoelSïj,g iy isiq ukig f.dapr jk wdrdOkdj,g muKla

wdrdOkd m;% ieliSug ,nd §u l< hq;= h'
wdrdOkd lrkafka ljfrla o hkafkys isiqjd ksfhdackh jkafka ljqreka
fjkqfjka o hkak meyeÈ,s j i|yka l< hq;= h'

wdlD;s m;%
l%shdldrlu 5
mshjr 1
²² úúO wjia:dj, § ;u fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re ,nd §ug isÿ jk nj mjikak'
²² mdif,a ;+¾h jdol lKavdhu$nd,olaI lKavdhu wdÈhg n|jd .ekSfï §;a"
Ñ;%$rpkd wdÈ ;r. i|yd whÿï lsÍfï §;a" ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re fyj;a
ku" .u" jhi" fY%‚
a h wdÈ f;dr;=re wjYH jk nj isik
q ga ir, j meyeÈ,s lr
fokak'
²² tu f;dr;=re ,nd §fï § zwdlD;s m;%hlaZ msrúh hq;= nj isik
q g
a mjikak'

mshjr 2
²² my; i|yka wdlD;s m;%h mka;f
s ha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
²² wdlD;s m;%fhys we;=<;a lreKq` isik
q a iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'

97
 wdlD;s m;%h
1' jdi.u iys; iïmQ¾K ku ( 'ùris
' ' ' x' y' ' wdrÉÑf.a
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'fl!Y,H
' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'trka
' ' ' 'o'l' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' fm!oa.,sl ,smskh ( 'fkd'

' ' ' ' 61$2"
' ' ' ' 'm%' f' nda
' 'O' ' udj;"
''''''''''''''''''
'.egfò"
' ' ' ' ' ' uykq
' ' ' ' 'j'r'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' Wmka Èkh ( j¾Ih ' '2010

' ' ' ' ' ' ' udih ' ' ' ' 06
' ' Èkh ' ' ' ' ' 26

^wod< fldgqfõ √ ,l=K fhdokak'&

4' ia;%S$mqreI Ndjh ( ia;%S mqreI √

5' cd;sh ( isxy, √ fou< uqia,sï

n¾.¾ fjk;a

6' wd.u ( fn!oaO √ yskaÿ lf;da,sl

l%sia;shdks bia,dï fjk;a

7' bf.kqu ,nk mdi, ( 'um$uy$i|.,;eka

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'k
' ' uyd
' ' ' ' úoHd,hh
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

8' bf.kqu ,nk fY%aKsh ( 'mia

' ' ' 'jk
' ' ' ' fY%
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' 'h' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

9' uj$mshd$Ndrlref.a ku ( 'jdi,

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' ' ' ' ' ' ' Ñ;%
' ' ' 'dx.kS
' ' ' ' ' 'úl%
' uisxy

'''''''''''''''''''
Èkh ( ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' w;aik

mshjr 3

²² wdlD;s m;% msrùfï § wid we;s f;dr;=re b;d u l,amkdldÍ j ksjerÈ j i|yka
l< hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrkak'
²² ta wkqj wl=rla jerÿKq úg uld oud kej; fkd,shk f,i;a" wl=rla Wv ;j;a
wl=rla fkd,shk f,i;a ulk Èhr iys; mEka ^correction pen) Ndú;fhka jerÿKq
wl=rla uld oud fkd,shk f,i;a" wl=rla lmd kej; fkd,shk f,ig;a isik q g
a
mjikak'
²² wdlD;s m;%fhys ;sfnkafka ;uka whÿï lrk fohg wod< w;HjYH u f;dr;=re
nj ta tla tla f;dr;=rla iqúfYaIfhka olajñka isik
q g
a wjOdrKh lrkak'

98
 ²² f;dr;=re ,sùug we;s ;s;a bß u; ;u úia;r ksjerÈ j;a" meyeÈ,s j;a i|yka l<
hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
²² ;s;a bß u; ,shd we;s WodyrK f.k úia;r ,súh hq;= wdldrh fmkajd fokak'

mshjr 4
²² isik
q a lKavdhï lrkak'
²² my; i|yka tla tla wjia:d i|yd isik
q f
a .ka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug wdlD;s m;%
ilia lr .kak'
²² m<uq jk wdlD;s m;%hg wkqj 2" 3" 4 wdlD;s m;%j, we;s iqúfYaI lreKq we;=<;a
jk mßÈ ilia lr .kak'
²² lKavdhul ieu isif
q jl=g u ilia lr .;a wdlD;s m;%hla ,efnk fia wdlD;s m;%
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
²² wk;=re j tu wdlD;s m;% ksjerÈ j msrùu i|yd isik
q g
a wjYH Wmfoia fokak'

1 wdlD;s m;%h

mdi,a l%Svd iudch i|yd n|jd .ekSfï whÿï m;%h

jdi.u iys; iïmQ¾K ku (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
fm!oa.,sl ,smskh (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

Wmka Èkh ( j¾Ih ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' udih ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Èkh ' ' ' ' ' ' '
^wod< fldgqfõ √ ,l=K fhdokak'&

ia;%S$mqreI Ndjh ( ia;%S mqreI

bf.k .kakd mdi, (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
bf.kqu ,nk fY%a‚h (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
iyNd.s ùug leu;s l%v
S dj (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
uj$mshd$Ndrlref.a ku (' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

'''''''''''''''''''
Èkh ( ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' w;aik

99
 2 wdlD;s m;%h

nd,olaI lKavdhu i|yd n|jd .ekSfï whÿï m;%h

by; f;dr;=rej,g wu;r j ziyNd.s ùug leu;s l%SvdjZ hkak fjkqjg

zóg fmr nd,olaI lKavdhulg iyNd.s ù isáfha o hk j.Z f,i i|yka
lr" Tõ ke; f,i fhdokak'

3 wdlD;s m;%h

mdi,a ;+¾h jdol lKavdhu i|yd n|jd .ekSfï whÿï m;%h

by; f;dr;=rej,g wu;r j zjdokh lsÍug leu;s jdok NdKavfha kuZ

f,i i|yka lrkak'

4 wdlD;s m;%h

mdi,a mqia;ld,fha idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd whÿï m;%h

by; f;dr;=rej, iqúfYaI lreKq yer wfkl=;a ish¨ foa fuhg wka;¾.;
h'

fuu whÿï m;% fjkqjg fldgq iys; mß.Kl.; whÿï m;% msrùug
j¾;udkfha jeä wjia:d we;s nj mjid tu whÿï m;%hla ne.ska
lKavdhï jYfhka isiqkag ,nd § tys we;s iqúfYaI;d wOHhkh
lsÍug fhduq lrkak' tu iqúfYaI;d isiqkag meyeÈ,s lrkak'
tkuq;a fuu fldgq iys; mß.Kl .; whÿï m;% msrùug isiqkag
wjia:dj ,nd §u wfmalaId fkdflfrhs'

ldgQka
l%shdldrlu 6
mshjr 1
²² my; ±lafjk ldgQka m%o¾Yk mqjrejg .kak'
²² tu ldgQkaj,ska lshfjk foa ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'
²² tu ldgQkaj,ska lshfjk m‚úvh ms<sn| j isiq woyia úuikak'

100
1 rEmh

2 rEmh

3 rEmh
reishdkq mska;+r l;d fmd; weiqfrka w¢k ,oaols'

101
mshjr 2
²² ldgQka Ñ;% we£ug wod< my; i|yka úia;r meyeÈ,s wl=ßka ,shd .kak'
²² tu úia;r isiqkag fmfkk mßÈ m%o¾Yk mqjrefõ r|jkak'
²² úia;r tlska tl lshùug isiqkag wjia:dj fokak'
²² ;ud leu;s wjia:djla f;dard f.k ldgQka Ñ;% 03la we£ug isik
q g
a wjia:dj
fokak'

²² b;a;Efjla WoEikska u frÈ nE.hla iy ñg iys; l=vhla /f.k ÿr

.ukla hhs'
²² .uka fjfyi ksid wi, ;snQ úYd, .ila hg b;a;Ejd ks|d .kafka
f.k wd frÈ nE.h .i wi, ;snQ Wi fkdue;s ìïu,la Wv ;eîfuks'
²² b;a;Ejd wjÈ ù frÈ nE.h fidhhs' ìïu, úYd, ù Wi f.dia we;'
ta ìïu, Wv frÈ nE.h o we;'

²² ;drdúhla iy wehf.a megjq ;=ka fokd;a lsls<shla iy wehf.a megjq

;=ka fokd;a .ukla h;s'
²² w;ru`. § úYd, .`.la yuq fjhs' ;drdúhg iy megjqkag .f`.ka
hEug yels jqj o lsls<shg iy megjqka ;sfokdg .f`.ka .uka l<
fkdyels h' .`. wi, § ;drdúh lsls<sh foi n,d hula l;d lrhs'
²² ;drdúh lsls<sh;a" wfkla ;drd megjqka ;=ka fokd tla tla l=l=`M
megjd;a ;u we`. u; ;nd f.k .f`.ka tf.dvg h;s'

²² lsls<shla ;u l=vd megjqka mia fofkl= iu`. .ukla hhs'

²² lsls<sh bÈßfhka fma<shg .uka lrk megjqka y;r fokdg l`M ;Ska;
nghla yuq fjhs' bÈßfhka u hk megjd ta ;Ska; ngh we;=<g ;u
ysi oud hEug iQodkï fjhs'
²² l`M ;Ska; ngfhka l`M meye .ekaù megjqka y;r fofkl= t<shg
weú;a we;' ;j;a meáfhla ;Ska; ngfhka t<shg taug iQodkï ù
isáhs' l`M meye .ekaù isák megjqka oel lsls<sh ìh ù lE.ihs'

102
 L7 S7 R7 W7
bf.kqï m,
²² ck lú .dhkd lr ta ms<sn| idlÉPd lrhs'
²² idys;H iñ;shl jevigyka fm<.eiau ilihs'
²² idys;H iñ;shl § bÈßm;a ùfï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² idys;H iñ;shla fufyhùfï mßph m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< j lreKq /ia lrhs'
²² ud;Dldjlg wod< j jdlH ,shhs'

ck lú
l%shdldrlu 01
mshjr 1 (
²² ck lú hkq l=ula oehs my; i|yka lreKq Tiafia isik
q g
a ir, j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
)) w;S;fha Ôj;a jQ ckhd úúO wjia:dj, § úvdj" ldkaih
s " uykaih
s uÕyrjd
.ekSug;a" md¿j" ;kslu uÕyrjd .ekSug;a lú .dhkfha fhÿKq nj yd tajd
zck lúZ kñka y÷kajk nj
)) úúO jD;a;Skag wod< j fk¿ï lú" .e,a lú" m;,a lú" me,a lú wdÈ jYfhka
cklú j¾. we;s nj
)) ck lú w;S;fha isg uqL mrïmrd.; j mej; wd nj
)) ck lúj,ska w;S; iudcfha ckhd Ôj;a jQ wdldrh yd is;ï
= me;=ï wdÈh
ms<n
s | j oek.; yels nj

mshjr 2
²² my; i|yka ck lúj,g lsym
s jrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'
1' w,xldr fl; ieÿfõ rcjr
ihxcd; r;a ye,a f.k f.dv lr
iqoï Èúh mqrhla jeks yeu jr
f.dhï ieÿK yeá wikqh úia;r

2' weiS kdo y~ nUref. ,S,d

meiS f.dhï m;a lsrg keó ,d
.eiS iq<x jdf;g b;s keñ,d
meiS f.dhï fl; iqrmqr ,S,d

3' .suka yer f.diska keñ,d fk<k fldg

uqfjka iskd iS jgmsg n,k fldg
ijka kud ri lr lú wikakg
mgka .kak lú iSmo lshkakg

103