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Lumia@PTE黑科技编选的个人机经 Reading 阅读部分
Reading 阅读部分
RP Re-order paragraphs 段落排序
1. Visit Turkey/参观土耳其 #7232 2020-03 本月高频
暂无文本内容，大神们快来完善。
If you want to visit Mars, visit Turkey.

That’s where you’ll find lakes so salty that the only bugs able to live there are species that could probably survive on
Mars as well.
For that reason, microbiologists in Turkey have surveyed the array of species that inhabit the Acigol, Salda and Yarisli
lakes.
They’re hopeful that studying some of them will yield useful insights into the kinds of biology that could help microbes
exist on Mars or other potentially habitable planets and moons.
2. Totalitarian/极权主义者 #7212 2020-03 本月高频

回忆要点：有点难。总共5句。1是介绍totalitarianism的概念；2中有such governments；3中有the government； 4/5中指

代词都有they。如果遇到这个题，多花时间看看两个they的指代吧。
3. The speed/速度 #7108 2020-01 本月高频

To overcome the pull of gravity and reach another body in space you need to achieve a certain speed.
A journey to Mars from Earth's surface requires a minimum total speed of nearly 30,000mph.
This requires large rockets, tonnes of fuel, and complex orbital maneuvering.
Due to the moon's weaker gravitational field, the same journey from the lunar surface would "only" require a speed of
6,500mph (2.9km/s).
This is roughly one third of that necessary to reach the International Space Station from Earth.
4. Japanese studying English/日本小孩学英语 #7106 2020-01 本月高频
This paper summarizes some of the major data gathered in a longitudinal, naturalistic study of a Japanese girl learning
English as a second language (Hakuta 1975b).
The subject in this study is Uguisu, 'nightingale' in Japanese.
Her family came to the United States for a period of two years while her father was a visiting scholar at Harvard, and
they took residence in North Cambridge, a Working-class neighborhood.
The children in that neighborhood were her primary source of language input.
Uguisu also attended public kindergarten for two hours every day, and later elementary school, but with no tutoring in
English syntax. Most of her neighborhood friends were in her same class at school.

5. Travel agency/旅行社 #7102 2020-01 本月高频
回忆要点：大概是讲去旅行前提前订机票，travel agency会提供具体的信息，然后是讲到机场check in，托运行李什么，托

运行李会打印一个bar code 关键词记得有when..flight, travel agency, when.. airport, check in..bar code。。
baggage..boarding pass, departure 整体来说不难，就是订机票，去机场安检托运行李这个思路
6. Define gender/父母定义性别 #7059 2019-12
回忆要点：讲的是大人给小孩玩具的时候往往是根据自己的判断小孩子是boy 还是 girl；顺序不明，网上找到两句原话顺序如
下：the infant was dressed in blue and was called Adam and sometimes it was dressed in pink and was called Beth.
There were three toys in the room: a train (boy stereotype), a doll (girl stereotype) and a fish (neutral). 剩下两句一句是
research by XXX (一个人名，网上资料显示是Will and his colleague, 我不记得是不是这人)；另一句是this study XXXX ; 根据
自己的回忆我排的顺序是； 1. research by XXXX — 2. the infant was dressed in blue and was called Adam and
sometimes it was dressed in pink and was called Beth. 3. There were three toys in the room: a train (boy stereotype), a
doll (girl stereotype) and a fish (neutral). 4. This study ... (这句里面好像提到adult 怎么样怎么样来着，具体细节实在不记
得，有考过的朋友们可以一起回忆下)
7. Food labels/事物标签 #7045 2019-12

回忆要点：奥巴马米歇尔创立了一个项目想要给所有的事物包装标签上表面成份calories，carbon等，industries纷纷响应，
其中一个例子曲奇的包装，里面包含了哪些成分
8. Ants' prediction/蚂蚁预测 #7015 2019-12 本月高频
It’s often said that ants can predict impending rain and respond by changing their behaviour.
Some people say that if you see ants building their mounds higher, or building them from different materials, this
might signal the coming of rain.
But is there any scientific evidence to support this piece of folk wisdom?
The short answer is “no”, although it is a difficult question to answer partly because of the sheer diversity of ants –
there are 13,000 named species on the planet!
9. Blue halo/蓝光晕 #7013 2019-12
Latest research has found that several common flower species have nanoscale ridges on the surface of their petals
that meddle with light when viewed from certain angles.
These nanostructures scatter light particles in the blue to ultraviolet colour spectrum, generating a subtle effect that
scientists have christened the 'blue halo'.
By manufacturing artificial surfaces that replicated 'blue halos', scientists were able to test the effect on pollinators, in
this case foraging bumblebees.
They found that bees can see the blue halo, and use it as a signal to locate flowers more efficiently.

10. Ada/艾达 #7011 2019-12
回忆要点：1 句子里有人名（Ada？好像是这个） 2 大家都好奇她长大会不会像她爸爸 3 indeed，她妈妈教了她

mathematics。这句中出现了她妈妈的名字。 4 介绍她妈妈的一些内容，最后说她妈妈是poet。这句中还有ada king这个
词。 3/4句顺序不知道对不对。
11. German and French/德国人与法国人 #6911 2019-11

回忆要点：1.for german emphasize mathematics and logics 2.for french emphasize behavior and experience
3.cathedral(engineering) 4. engineer...太难了，两个国家句式完全一样例子没看出来跟哪个国家明显对应。碰上这题花时间
看看engineering， engineer跟German的联系，就这么多提示了，求大神补充
12. Integral spirituality/整体灵性 #6807 2019-09

回忆要点：考了一道关于integral spirituality的RO，应该是新题考到两次了，每次也不太确定顺序因为阅读一直差两分，大
概是这样排的1.can......？由can开头的问句 2.in quest of answer these questions.......traditions.... 3.(失忆) ......such
traditions.....spirituality... 4. These issues....”integral spirituality” 由一个professr来后续解释记忆力不好，求大神复盘
13. History events/历史事件 #6772 2019-08 本月高频
回忆要点：是讲history的。历史事件必须有很多events。历史不能单独看。按时间看。还有一句真不记得了有also…value…
求大神复盘
14. Mining/挖矿 #6771 2019-08
讲挖矿的好像 aboriginal先发现了这个商机然后来了很多人然后一部分人直接住在Underground 现在发现Underground下

面有hotel, shop什么的然后发现了珍珠珍珠被用在hotel的装饰一共五句话顺序不是很确定希望大神来复盘一下
15. Food diet research/饮食实验 #6770 2019-08
回忆要点：讲的是一个research 研究人们的food diet 第一句是先研究了20000个人在某年的时候，然后第二句是他们根据这

个same group又做了研究，第三句是The researcher发现了吃蔬菜的人干啥干啥里面有个细节单词是dips（我查了下这是个
化学物质癸二酸二异丙酯，是食物里面的一种物质），第四句说这些dips有什么作用；这是我排的顺序
16. Native plants and animals/澳洲动植物 #6745 2019-08 本月高频

Australia's native plants and animals adapted to life on an isolated continent over millions of years.
Since European settlement they have had to compete with a range of introduced animals for habitat, food and shelter.
Some have also had to face new predators.
These new pressures have also caused a major impact on our country's soil and waterways and on its native plants
and animals.
17. A challenging job/更有挑战性的工作 #6703 2019-08 本月高频
Members of staff who wish to turn up and do a simple job and go home is relatively happy if they believe their work is
secure.
However, any employee who wants to acquire more varied and responsible duties will not feel satisfied for long
staying with the same and boring job.
People want to keep working hard only if there are opportunities for promotion to a more challenging job.
If this opportunity does not exist, they are most likely to be demotivated.
18. Art history/艺术史 #6531 2019-06
Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts.
The study includes painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects.
Art history is the history of different groups of people and their culture represented throughout their artwork.
Art historians compare different time periods in art history.
As a term, art history (its product being history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in
common usage referring to works of art and architecture.
19. Answer questions in exam/如何应试 #6528 2019-06
回忆要点：1.Students may don't know how to achieve high marks in exams. 2.Actually, you don't have to write down
everything you know. 3.Before writing, you should figure out what the question is after, and what is not relavant.
4.And then you will have an idea of what you should write. 5.For example……
20. IQ Test/智商测 #6502 2019-06

回忆要点：关于IQ的，我的排序是1. 科学家告诉老师，他们选出了一批高IQ的学生.2 老师以为这些学生是通过IQ test选出来

的. 3 In reality，这些学生是随机选择的. 4. However，他们在多年后的表现是很突出！34开头的就是这些单词，感觉我排的
是对的。
21. Numbering helps decision-making/标号促进决策 #6435 2019-05

回忆要点：numbering 第一句numbering可以帮助decision making, 第二句 for example 第三句另一个例子不是以for

example开头好像是说按学生成绩划分等级第四句就是总结说这些例子都证明了numbering可以帮助decision making
22. First anatomy/首次解剖 #6429 2019-05
回忆要点：讲first anatomy, the anatomy, lecture, previous literature 有一个人名JosephXXX不确定，时间约19世紀，共四

句有三句有时间(in 18xx) 指代不难判断
23. Advertising/广告业 #6398 2019-05

回忆要点：上次考了一道题，指代挺明显的，不是原文，但是大概是这样： 1.Advertising is sponsored by identical

company 2. This allows company to present their product to channel members 3.The less costly is digital media such
as social media 4.Marketers also consider other media: cinema, station 阅读是90，不知道对不对，供大家参考。
24. Sun energy/太阳能 #6397 2019-05
回忆要点：1)the sun... energy;2) it is the energy.. 3) it ..drives earth climate/weather; 4) at the same time, it 提供能量给
花花草草。
25. Personal profile/个人资料 #6394 2019-05
回忆要点：关于social media personal profile的、用FaceBook举例：a. 人们喜欢网络社交，拿fackbook 举例，你要创个

号。 b. 创完号你要填写自己的个人资料啊。 c. 填完资料之后你们最喜欢就是交朋友啦，还可以看谁加了谁的好友。 d. all
these three features，你就可以怎么怎么样。 e. 网络上的社交就是什么交朋友之类的。（某人名，某年分） abcd 是可以确
定的，当时纠结的是e是放在第一句还是最后一句。主要是因为，e里面他上半句讲了主题，下半句讲了c里面的‘交朋友’，c又
只是three features 之一，看上去毫无关联。如果是总起的话，e的下半句应该跟d相关吧，因为d是总结句。
26. University competition/大学竞争 #6385 2019-05
回忆要点：1. In London，每个大学竞争很激烈，bla bla 2. previous lecture bla bla 3. 有一个人名，他第一次建立了一个

private 的学校之类的 4. 这个人不但建立了学校，还担任讲师。 4句话，其中3句分别出现了3次年份，1870. 1840. 1804-
1808，文中关键词还有hospital，大概意思是说把hospital提供给大学用来上课和实践的场所之类的排序不确定，求大神复盘
27. Unprecedented opportunity/前所未有的机遇 #6365 2019-05

We live in an age of unprecedented opportunity: with ambition, drive, and talent, you can rise to the top of your
chosen profession regardless of where you started out.
But with opportunity comes responsibility.
Companies today aren’t managing their knowledge of workers’ careers.

Instead, you must be your own Chief Executive Officer.

That means it’s up to you to carve out your place in the world and know when to change course.
28. Minority language/小语种 #6363 2019-05
回忆要点：讲受众广的语言跟小语种, 我的排序是： 1. 研究发现小语种有更复杂的结构 2. also suggests这种特征需要在small

society 里面才能develop 3. by contract, 受众广的语言such as Mandarin and English 有simpler structure 4. 但是这些语言
有更多词汇不知道排的对不对, 大家来交流一下
29. Teacher's report/教师作报告 #6343 2019-04
回忆要点：1. 教师作报告时把audience看作跟自己水平相当 2. student in the same field 会对topic感兴趣 3. 不能指望

student对read the paper感兴趣 4. as write 会对special audience 起作用（排的有点混乱，望大神补充）
30. The glow worms/萤火虫 #6316 2019-04
The Newnes railroad was closed in 1932 after 25 years of shipping oil shale.
The rails were pulled out of the 600-meter tunnel, which had been bored through the sandstone in the Wollemi
National Park, and the tunnel was left to its own devices.
For Newnes, that meant becoming home to thousands and thousands of glow worms.
The glow worm is a catch-all name for the bioluminescent larvae of various species, in this case, the Arachnocampa
richardsae, a type of fungus gnat. Found in massive numbers in caves, the fungus gnat larvae cling to the rocky walls
of the abandoned tunnel and hunt with long, glowing strings of sticky mucus.
31. Experiment on calves/针对小牛犊的实验 #6313 2019-04
To gauge optimism and pessimism, the researchers set up an experiment involving 22 calves.
Before they started the experiment, they trained the calves to understand which of their choices would lead to a
reward.
In the training, each calf entered a small pen and found a wall with five holes arranged in a horizontal line, two-and-a-
half feet apart.
The hole at one end contained milk from a bottle, while the hole at the opposite end contained only an empty bottle
and delivered a puff of air in calves' faces.
The calves learned quickly which side of the pen held the milk reward.
32. Feed the world/供养全世界 #6311 2019-04
We'll likely have two billion more mouths to feed by mid-century — more than nine billion people.
But sheer population growth isn't the only reason we'll need more food.

The spread of prosperity across the world, especially in China and India, is driving an increased demand for meat,
eggs, and dairy, boosting pressure to grow more corn and soybeans to feed more cattle, pigs, and chickens.
If these trends continue, the double whammy of population growth and richer diets will require us to roughly double
the amount of crops we grow by 2050.
33. Pronunciation/发音的重要性 #6298 2019-04
回忆要点： 5个Paragraph，讲关于学习语言时 Pronunciation的重要 1、grammar, sentence in language has developed

for a long time 2、language 的某个属性 also developed in recent years 3、现在我们说 pronunciation 是说一个词类似发
音 sheep 和 ship 4、pronunciation 真正是什么阅读90 但是排的不一定对
34. Dyslexia/诵读困难症 #6235 2019-04
考试回忆：我今天考了 dyslexia 帮助阅读障碍那个 1. 对5-12岁的孩子来说，reading是衔接second curriculum很重要的技

巧。2.有一个叫XXX的组织。。。3.忘了。。4.这些志愿者都受过对应的培训
35. Hip hop/嘻哈 #6215 2019-04
Hip hop emerged as a reaction to the gang culture and violence of the South Bronx in the 1970s, and daily experiences
of poverty, racism, exclusion, crime, violence, and neglect.
It necessarily embodies and values resilience, understanding, community and social justice.
Without these, Hip Hop culture would never have been, and it is because these values remain at its core that Hip Hop
is such a powerful agent of positive social change around the world.
Yet, the hip hop project is not yet free from these difficult circumstances.
36. Egypt death temple/埃及死亡神殿 #6176 2019-04
回忆要点：一个新题讲 Egypt death temple 的很难找不到逻辑大概在说人们生活好了之后就要思考death 什么的然后有的

统治者就开始建造一些标志性建筑来balabala 举了Egypt当例子求大神复盘
37. Green areas/绿色区域 #6168 2019-03 本月高频
回忆要点：新RO，顺序不100%确定 1 Green Areas is ,, (绿色区域的定义) 2 These areas 是个working meeting的好地方 3

However, mobile phone is not suitable 在这些地方 4 mobile phone usages in .... （讲了下手机使用的一些规范？忘了）
个人排序如上，句子大意差不多.
38. Recycling/回收活动 #6058 2019-03 本月高频


The invention of electronics has become a challenge.

An Indian university persuaded IT service department to have an Electronic Recycling Collection Day.
During these days, ...people are encouraged to recycle their e-waste instead of throwing them into the bin.
On certain days throughout the year, many electronic devices like washing machines from families and households
have been recycled, and 200,000 electronic products had been recycled in 2010.
39. Feeding birds/喂养鸟类 #6032 2019-03
According to experts, feeding birds is probably the most common way in which people interact with wild animals
today. More than 50 million Americans engage in the practice, collectively undertaking an unwitting experiment on a
vast scale.
Is what we’re doing good or bad for birds?
Recently, researchers at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology sought to answer this question, analyzing nearly three decades’
worth of data from a winter-long survey called Project FeederWatch.
Preliminary results suggest the species visiting our feeders the most are faring exceptionally well in an age when one-
third of the continent’s birds need urgent conservation.
Still, what are the consequences of skewing the odds in favor of the small subset of species inclined to eat at feeders?
What about when the bird we’re aiding is invasive, like our house finch?
40. Draft and paper/草稿与纸张 #6026 2019-03
Your first draft is complete, but your paper is far from finished.
The next step is to revise your paper – strengthen the content.
Start this at least a week before your paper is due.
In fact, you don’t need to wait until you have a complete first draft to start revising.
You can revise individual paragraphs as you finish them as well.
41. Ocean pollution/海洋污染 #5934 2019-03
回忆要点：关于海洋污染的。我排的顺序是 1. companies 往海里倒东西(记不清是这一句还是下一句有material这个词)。。

。。 2. chemicals 在海里，海水会dilute。。。 3. pollutant/ pollution在海里。。。。4. however，。。。某N开头的
ocean。。。。顺序完全不确定，求大神复盘。
42. Satellite/人造卫星 #5933 2019-03
回忆要点：内容 1. until now scientists use satellite picture to measure the landscaping change but a pixel only equate
to 25 meters 2.有一段忘了 3. planets meanwhile 发射又贵又要提前预定 4. 一种d打头的飞行器in contrast 可以便宜又快发
射 5.但是糟糕的天气会让科学家的计划失败
43. Hudson/哈德森 #5932 2019-03

回忆要点：1. 一个叫Hudson的人 1641年离开了England 2. 他和他的朋友们还有他的儿子去外部探险（有很多人名）这句以

he开头 3. 当They 离开Greenland （格林兰岛）时遇到一个地方这个地方的名字也带个Hudson 4. 最后他们把这个地方的名
字改成了 Hudson Bay.
44. Literacy skills/写作技巧 #5821 2019-02
回忆要点：今天考了一个应该是新题，大神们补充。以下不是正确顺序Literacy skills for child...write and learn how to

write their name before age of 5（长句）; one of the mian tasks...（很短这句）child need to learn write and read at age
of 5...（长句）还有一句很短的不记得了
45. Change of environment/环境变化 #5820 2019-02
回忆要点：A. 环境变化已经影响到了一些seafloor的communities B. These communities balabala， more deeper more

effect. C. the deep communities balabala D. 记不住了
46. American ethnic culture/美国种族文化 #5807 2019-02
回忆要点：考了一道新题关于美国种族文化的大概是说在18-19世纪美国主要是以白人为主第二句是来自世界各地的移民列

举了很多国家有China和Europe 第三句好像是说他们改变了美国的civilization 最后一句是 A native American说关于这个改变
怎么样怎么样记得不清楚了也没有搜到原文是按照这个顺序排的不确定对不对希望考过的大神帮忙补全
47. A woman writer and a book/女作家和她的书 #5801 2019-02
回忆要点：考到了一个RO 讲的是1. 一个女人写了本书有个书名字2. The book 。。。。3 These illustrate。。。 4 yet,

modern era .... 我不太确定这个顺序我阅读只有81分不确定答案对不对希望有大神能回忆出来
48. E-mail list/邮件列表 #5749 2019-02
回忆要点：关于email list 第一句 email list 是什么第二句在什么情况下会用到email list 第三句举例说明在什么情况下用第
四句很多人在team工作下会用到三四句排序不确定请大神复盘
49. Data and analysis/数据与研究分析 #5748 2019-02
回忆要点：find biologist to the (analysis\research) •they 收集data •this data include …… •the results of their analysis

50. Ice age affect/冰河时代的影响 #5747 2019-02
回忆要点：•scientists ice age affect •This change will affect arctic ecosystem •These changes are likely to •for example,
the UK ‘tourism and fishier
51. Short-term memory/短期记忆 #5743 2019-02
回忆要点：昨天考的一个RO 我感觉很难我的排序的是这样的第一句是解释什么是short－term memory（STM) refer to ......

第二局我好像排序是个information 开头的句子，关键词还有 rehearse。第三句也是围绕主题在讲，不记得讲了什么内容
了。我排的第四句It is what is short term memory. 我感觉很难，没有线索词可以对应。除了第一句位置确定，其他都不能
确定。
52. Taste sense and toxin/味觉与毒素 #5729 2019-02
回忆要点：攒人品。讲taste sense和toxin 1）There are many studies about human's taste and smell。大概这个意
思，there be句型。2）One of them开头，这句很长，有研究机构的名字和一个人名出现，研究人类是不是可以taste出toxin
的东西。3）有experiment这个词，讲怎么做实验的。4）有suggest这个词，结果表明人类可以taste出来。
53. Copernicus/哥白尼 #5726 2019-01 本月高频

Copernicus probably hit upon his main idea sometime between 1508 and 1514. For years, however, he delayed
publication of his controversial work, which contradicted all the authorities of the time.
The historic book that contains the final version of his theory, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri vi ("Six Books
Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs"), did not appear in print until 1543, the year of his death.
According to legend, Copernicus received a copy as he was dying, on May 24, 1543.
The book opened the way to a truly scientific approach to astronomy. It had a profound influence on later thinkers of
the scientific revolution, including such major figures as Galileo, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton.
54. Spring water/泉水 #5662 2019-01

回忆要点：考试新题有遇到的小伙伴可以分享一下 1.In some cases，spring water comes from the underground water 2.
Underground water XXX is called XXXX 1 和2 肯定是一对但是这两个的顺序我很纠结 3．Most of XXXX一个不认识的名
词，XXXX walls 4. Other XXXX和第三句的名词是一个词， these walls XXXXX
55. Mayors V2/市长版本二 #5604 2019-01
Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts, but they are starting to utter warnings.

Last summer the editors of the Harvard Educational Review warned that mayoral control can reduce parents' influence
on schools.
And they pointed to Mr. Bloomberg's aggressive style as an example of what not to do.
All this must be weighed up by the New York state legislature in 2009, when mayoral control is up for renewal—or
scrapping.
56. Worms are important than panda/蠕虫比大熊猫更珍稀 #5600 2019-01

Not all wildlife is created equal in our eyes.

Take the earthworm, which doesn’t have the widespread appeal of larger, more charismatic animals such as gorillas,
tigers or pandas.
Worms are never going to get a strong “cute response”, and they won’t ever be the face of a conservation campaign.
But what Darwin rightly recognized is that – panda fans avert your eyes – worm conservation is much more important
once we factor in their provision of what we now call “ecosystem services”, which are crucial to human survival.
57. Computer Science/计算机科学 #5547 2019-01
Why Applied Computer Science?

Our Applied Computer Science major is all about giving you the skills to solve computer-related problems.
With rapid advances in technology and new applications being developed constantly, it is hard to say what those
problems will be.
One thing is for sure, though, it is going to be exciting finding out.
58. Copernicanism/哥白尼日心说 #5512 2019-01 本月高频

The expanding influence of Copernicanism through the seventeenth century transformed not only the natural
philosophic leanings of astronomers but also the store of conceptual material accessible to writers of fiction.
During this period of scientific revolution, a new literary genre arose, namely that of the scientific cosmic voyage.
Scientists and writers alike constructed fantastical tales in which fictional characters journey to the moon, sun, and
planets.
In so doing, they discover that these once remote worlds are themselves earth-like in character.
Descriptions of these planetary bodies as terrestrial in kind demonstrate the seventeenth-century intellectual shift
from the Aristotelian to the Copernican framework.
59. Palaus/帕劳斯 #5505 2019-01

Palaus and his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had emerged from the research to date concerning how video
games affect the structure and activity of our brains.
They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of
which looked at changes in brain functionality and or behavior.
The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains perform, and even their structure.

For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in
several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention.
60. Science and technology/科技发展 #5415 2018-12 本月高频

It is a truism to say that in 21st century society science and technology are important.
Human existence in the developed world is entirely dependent on some fairly recent developments in science and
technology.
Whether this is good or bad is, of course, up for argument.
But the fact that science underlies our lives, our health, our work, our communications, our entertainment and our
transport is undeniable.
61. London/伦敦不夜城 #5414 2018-12
回忆要点： 1.伦敦变成不夜城 2. This change 的背后…… 3. 原因是因为街上安装了电灯 4. This invention ……
62. Farmlands/耕地 #5413 2018-12

回忆要点：回忆要点： 1) 小草长出来 2) 然后长大了变成树苗，挡住下面的草地 3) 树苗又变成大树，变成森林 4) 如果放弃的

话，就会从头再来 5) Farmlands always comes from forests.
63. Validity and reliability/效度与信度 #5409 2018-12
回忆要点：1) Psychologists measure results in terms of validity and reliability. 2) Validity is defined as … 3) For
example, when a survey is asking about someone’s personality, it shouldn’t ask him chemistry questions. 4)
Meanwhile, a survey also values reliability.
64. Poor students/贫困生 #5357 2018-12
England’s most selective universities must do more to attract teenagers from disadvantaged backgrounds if they want
to charge higher tuition fees, the country’s fair access watchdog has warned.
Professor Les Ebdon, director of Fair Access to Higher Education, has said universities can no longer make excuses
about the number of poorer students they take on.
In a statement issued yesterday, Prof Ebdon dismissed the argument from the country’s most selective universities,
which claim that young people from poorer backgrounds generally secure worse grades.
Such defenses from the country’s most elite universities “do not hold water”, Prof Ebdon said, as he urged the
institutions to do more to widen their intakes.

65. Easier said than Done V2/说易行难版本二 #5342 2018-12

In 'Easier Said than Done', we set out some of the reasons why we might find it hard to live in a healthy way,
exercising, eating well, getting adequate sleep, and checking for early warning symptoms.
Perhaps most importantly, we look to the field of behavioral science for strategies that people can use to overcome
those hurdles and to initiate lifestyle changes.
These include Commitment devices, where we make it very unattractive to not follow through on an intention.
Changing existing behavior can be a difficult task, but with the help of these strategies new behaviors can become
habitual, facilitating a long-term sustained healthy lifestyle
66. Debt/贷款 #5334 2018-12

回忆要点：20-30 欠很多钱早年习惯不好工作了也要还很多卡债即使有student loan也要合理规划前三个主语是they 最后一

个是you 像是意见我就放最后一个阅读90 供参考
67. Charles Darwin/达尔文生平 #5326 2018-12

回忆要点：达尔文的生平网上找了类似片段题目是精简版 Charles Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 into a rich and
powerful family. 第一句好像改成intellectual family了。 His paternal grandfather was Erasmus Darwin, a famous
scientist who came up with his own theory of evolution, while his maternal grandfather was Josiah Wedgwood, of
pottery fame. 第二句没这么长有这两个人名 Despite this, for the first decades of his life Darwin failed to distinguish
himself, first dropping out of medical studies in Edinburgh because he hated the sight of blood, and subsequently
entering Cambridge to study for the profession of clergyman very much as a second option. 第三句将他退学去剑桥 Yet
Darwin was gaining great skill as an amateur naturalist, and it was this that allowed him to seize the opportunity
presented when he was offered an unpaid position as scientist on board the Beagle, a naval surveying ship bound for
the farthest corners of the globe. 第四句关键词naturalist The five-year voyage was the making of Darwin, providing him
with the wealth of observations of the natural world that established him as one of the foremost scientists of his age
and provided the raw material for his revolutionary theory. 这句voyage开头 five year 放后面了
68. 5 hertz/5赫兹 #5089 2018-10 本月高频
回忆要点：考到5赫兹 1）previous studies。2）It thought...来解释这些studies因人5赫兹比较高超过了人们可以听到范围。

3）To...为了证明这个现象。 4）As the previous...和之前的研究一样人确实听不到5赫兹。
69. Health and Disease/健康与疾病 #5083 2018-10

It is natural to be healthy, but we have wandered so far astray that disease is the rule and good health the exception.
Of course, most people are well enough to attend to their work, but nearly all are suffering from some ill, mental or
physical, acute or chronic.
The average individual is of less value to himself, to his family and to society than he could be.
His bad habits, of which he is often not aware, have brought weakness and disease upon him.
These conditions prevent him from doing his best mentally and physically.
70. Ants communities/蚂蚁群落 #5080 2018-10

The communities of ants are sometimes very large, numbering even to 500 individuals.
And it is a lesson to us that no one has ever yet seen quarrel between any two ants belonging to the same community.
However, it must be admitted that they are in hostility not only with most other insects, including ants of different
species, but even with those of the same species if belonging to different communities.
I have over and over again introduced ants from one my nests into another nest of the same species; and they were
invariably attacked, seized by a leg or an antenna, and dragged out.
It is evident, therefore, that the ants of each community all recognize one another, which is very remarkable.
71. Repeat Photography Project/重复摄影项目 #5008 2018-10
In 1997 Lisa McKeon, a physical scientist with the United States Geological Survey who works in the park, came across
a pair of historic photographs depicting the glaciers she studies.
Over the years, countless photos of the majestic park have been snapped, and many of those have become part of the
park’s official archive, spanning over a century.
It was a lightbulb moment: Why not use the old photos to create a timeline of the morphing glaciers, and add new
photos every year?
The Repeat Photography Project was born.
72. 3-D Printing/3D打印 #5003 2018-10
Researchers have developed a system that can 3-D print the basic structure of an entire building.
Structures built with this system could be produced faster and less expensively than traditional construction methods
allow.
Even the internal structure could be modified in new ways; different materials could be incorporated as the process
goes along.
Ultimately, the researchers say, this approach could enable the design and construction of new kinds of buildings that
would not be feasible with traditional building methods.
73. Five aspects of language knowledge/语言知识的五个方面 #4997 2018-10
回忆要点：1.five aspects of language knowledge 2.其中有两句开头都是these aspects , 我把里面有domains 的放在了第二

句，有lsolation的放在了第三句，后面提到children 学习language only perceive 还有一句也和children有关，具体忘记了，
这两句连在一起。
74. Material/一种物质 #4992 2018-10

回忆要点：排的第一个是介绍一个什么类似物质？或者一种状态…（V开头，不影响排序）第二个是提出一个问题问题what

打头（问题好像有两个整个选项文章最长不太确定）第三个提到如果是在生理学上来说…………（失忆）第四个是如果生理
学家会怎么样怎么样（因为生理学家/心理学家/物理学家有点像这个词意思不重要时间紧迫没仔细看………）文中有提到如果
把这个东西和chemical联系起来又不相关…… 大意是这样请问有人考过这题吗不难排序
75. Easier said than done/说易行难 #4985 2018-10

Many of us know what we should be doing to live healthily, yet many of us struggle to actually actively manage our
health.
In 'Easier Said than Done', we set out some of the reasons why we might find it hard to live in a healthy way,
exercising, eating well, getting adequate sleep, and checking for early warning symptoms.
Perhaps most importantly, we look to the field of behavioral science for strategies that people can use to overcome
those hurdles and to initiate lifestyle changes.
Changing existing behavior can be a difficult task, but with the help of these strategies new behaviors can become
habitual, facilitating a long-term sustained healthy lifestyle.
76. Top executives/高管 #4819 2018-09

The top executives of the large, mature, publicly held companies hold the conventional view when they stop to think of
the equity owners' welfare.
They assume that they're using their shareholders' resources efficiently if the company's performance - especially ROE
and earning per share - is good and if the shareholders don't rebel.
They assume that the stock market automatically penalizes any corporation that invests its resources poorly.
So companies investing well grow, enriching themselves and shareholders alike, and ensure competitiveness;
companies investing poorly shrink, resulting, perhaps, in the placement of management.
In short, stock market performance and the company's financial performance are inexorably linked.
77. German invasion of Poland/德国入侵波兰 #4818 2018-09

German invasion of Poland officially triggered the Second World War.

In the beginning, Britain and France were hopeful that Poland should be able to defend her borders.
But Polish forces could not defend a long border.
They lacked compact defence lines and additionally, their supply lines were also poorly protected.
Meanwhile, the world had woken up to the potential of atomic energy and countries were conducting tests to exploit
the same.
78. Environmental revolution/环境革命 #4817 2018-09

The environmental revolution has been almost three decades in the making, and it has changed forever how
companies do business.

In the 1960s and 1970s, corporations were in a state of denial regarding their impact on the environment.
Then a series of highly visible ecological problems created a groundswell of support for strict government regulation.
In the United States, Lake Erie was dead. In Europe, the Rhine was on fire. In Japan, people were dying of mercury
poisoning.
Today many companies have accepted their responsibility to do no harm to the environment.
79. Ocean floors/海底 #4815 2018-09 本月高频
The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great areas the available soundings are hundreds
or even thousands of miles apart.
However, the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys since 1920.
A broad, well-defined ridge — the Mid-Atlantic ridge — runs north and south between Africa and the two Americas
and numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor.
Closely spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are as rugged as mountainous regions of the
continents.
Use of the recently perfected method of echo sounding is rapidly enlarging our knowledge of submarine topography.
During world war II great strides were made in mapping submarine surfaces, particularly in many parts of the vast
Pacific basin.
80. Restaurant/餐厅 #4777 2018-09
The physical location of a restaurant in the competitive landscape of the city has long been known as a major factor in
its likely success or failure.
Once restaurants are established in such environments they can do little about their location.
All they can do is work to improve customer access to their premises.
Restaurateurs often do this by engaging in battles with local authorities about car parking.
81. Railway/铁路 #4719 2018-08 本月高频

Ever since the completion of the Great Western Railway, in the 1840s, intrigue has swirled around the Box Tunnel, a
long, steep bypass near Bath, England.
The question was this: did the railway’s creator, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, really have the tunnel carved in such a way
that when the sun rose on his birthday—April 9th—it would be flooded with light?
This past Sunday, April 9th, the railway’s current engineers decided to test the rumor once and for all. They weren’t
disappointed.
“When you look from the east portal, the cutting provides a lovely V-shape,” communications manager Paul Gentleman
told the Guardian.
While the west side’s view wasn’t quite so impressive, the engineers generously chalked that up to centuries of dirt and
grime.
82. Certification/证明 #4717 2018-08
回忆要点： 1. 5分之一forest减少 2. as a result, NGO and consumers in the government verify to the XX production 用来
造纸了好像3. xx certification needs methods of tracking 4. The tracking including barcode, scan xxx
83. Botanical conservation/植物保护 #4664 2018-08

The organization which has revealed that more than 60,000 species of trees are available globally. The BGCI (Botanical
Gardens Conservation International), a charity that compiled the list of trees on the basis of data gathered from its
network of 500 members organizations.
The researchers claim to have collected information over a period of two years from sources including over 500
published contents and 80 experts in the BGCI’s network.
BGCI in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of nature identified 60,065 tree species currently
living on earth.
Of that number, more than half were found to only occur in a single country, which could suggest an increased
vulnerability to threats, said the authors of the database.
84. Sojourner/旅居者 #4648 2018-08
More recent missions to Mars include the hugely successful Mars Pathfinder, which landed a small 'rover' called
Sojourner on the surface to explore a region where there may once have been life.
Sojourner has now been effectively switched off, but lasted almost twelve times its expected lifetime.
Similarly the lander, which imaged several areas around the landing site (dubbed the Carl Sagan Memorial site) and
took atmospheric measurements, lasted a good deal longer than expected.
The only unfortunate thing to have arisen from the mission is the naming of the rocks at the landing site (including
everything from Scooby Doo to Darth Vader).
85. Good listener/优秀的倾听者 #4607 2018-08
回忆要点：1: 首句In the lecture， you should to be a good listener；第二句开头就是To be a good listener，you should
take notes；第三句for these you take，you should reconstruct或者说补充笔记的细节；尾句after that也就是在你补充笔
记后，this would help you with revising and expertising（确定以上为文中提到的key words，逻辑非常简单）
86. Canal/运河 #4436 2018-07
回忆要点：1. xxx born in 18xx is ... interested in rocks/fossils. 2. He entered xxx university and xxx studied canals.(好像
是18岁的时候，当时控制不住自己要算他的年龄) 3. This work allowed him xxx across the country xxx canals (这个是和2
的canal相呼应) 4. by the time he retired, he had a large collection of xxx fossils xxx.
87. Tutorial/个别指导 #4433 2018-07 本月高频
Many students sit in a tutorial week after week without saying anything.

Why is that?
Maybe they do not know the purpose of a tutorial.
They think it is like a small lecture where the tutor gives them information.
Even if students do know what a tutorial is for, there can be other reasons why they keep quiet.
88. Thinking about knowledge/思考知识 #4429 2018-07
回忆要点：1,学生在学习和考试的时候会思考学过的知识。2,学生在写作的时候也会思考学过的知识。3,老师在网上开设一些

讨论。 4,这样学生就可以留言并复习学到的知识了。排序的大概思路是1和2先提观点，3和4举例。有考过的同学吗？确认一
下顺序
89. Arcelor V2/阿赛洛集团版本二 #4428 2018-07 本月高频
It was taken over by Mittal, a Dutch-registered company run from London by its biggest single shareholder, Lakshmi
Mittal, an Indian who started his first business in Indonesia.
The takeover battle raged for six months before Arcelor's bosses finally listened to shareholders who wanted the
board to accept Mittal's third offer.
The story tells us two things about European business, both positive.
Shareholder activism is increasing in a continent where until recently it was depressingly rare.
And more important, the Arcelor Mittal deal demonstrates Europe's deepening integration into the global economy.
90. Project report/项目报告 #4427 2018-07

回忆要点：一个教授教学生怎么写project report。有五句话，一句讲project report应该有什么特征作用，还有一句说你们以

为到这就写完了吗其实还远着呢，还有一句说summary应该是怎样怎样的……
91. Sloths and birds/树懒与鸟 #4426 2018-07
A Technology for recording brainwaves in wild animals awakens a more sophisticated understanding of the function of
sleep. Studies using miniature sleep recording devices known as neurologgers have already challenged several long-
held beliefs about the sleeping habits of sloths and birds.
Three toed sloths, for example, sleep far less than once thought.
And male sandpipers can go almost entirely without sleep during the three-week breeding season, helping maximize
success at that time.
Now John Lesku of La Trobe University in Melbourne and his colleagues are using neurologgers to investigate whether
light pollution interferes with the circadian rhythms of tammar wallabies in Australia.
92. Mind wandering/走神 #4425 2018-07


Researchers studied groups of people from the University of Wisconsin-Madison community, ranging in age from 18
to 65.
The first group was asked to perform simple tasks, like pressing a button every time they took a breath or clicking in
response to a letter popping up on a computer screen; these tasks were so easy that their minds were likely to
wander, the researchers figured.
The researchers checked in periodically, asking the participants if their minds were on task or wandering.
When the task was over, they measured each participant's working memory capacity by having them remember
letters while doing math equations.
93. Rugby/英式橄榄球 #4407 2018-07

Citizens commonly identify with their nation in the context of major sporting events: imagining the nation is easier
when there is a national team playing another nation (Hobsbawm, 1990).
Rugby in Wales is a particularly strong example of this phenomenon, being perhaps the main thing that unites people
in Wales.
In many ways rugby in Wales defines what Wales is and what people in Wales share.
From outside Wales, too, it is the rugby that commonly defines the nation – with the sport providing both widespread
interest and one of the few positive associations of outsiders’ perceptions of Wales.
94. Employees/雇员 #4406 2018-07

回忆要点：考到一个人 1叫Dver什么的建立了个 helth 2这个process让everyone can access to 3然后他的employee有什么

problems 4他怎么解决这个问题好像是这样记不清了大家看到过的补充下啊
95. A study/一项研究 #4405 2018-07 本月高频
回忆要点：考到一个新题： 1.讲一种什么理论还是study 2 .the accepted view by xxx (出现一个人名）说的 3.he goes on 说
xxx 4.但他说的这些有些没保存起来可能回忆有偏差，但觉得排得没问题
96. Artificial intelligence/人工智能 #4404 2018-07 本月高频
Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have long been intrigued by games, and not just as a way of avoiding
work.
Games provide an ideal setting to explore important elements of the design of cleverer machines, such as pattern
recognition, learning and planning.
Ever since the stunning victory of Deep Blue, a program running on an IBM supercomputer, over Gary Kasparov, then
world chess champion, in 1997, it has been clear that computers would dominate that particular game.
Today, though, they are pressing the attack on every front.
97. Assignment/作业 #4403 2018-07

回忆要点：第一句 : assignments作用（考验学生学习知识）；第二句：students 写assignments是用自己想法写

assignment,第三句：students use notes support ideas insteadly ,第四句：进一步解释notes
98. Reading/阅读 #4395 2018-07

Humans appear to be the only species which is able to translate their communication into another medium, and in
this case the medium provides a semi-durable record of the elements of the communication.
So reading is a very special ability that we have.
Reading also is special because, unlike language, most children have to be taught to read, write and spell.
So though we may be predisposed to being able to read and usually have the abilities necessary to master reading, it
is something that most of us only accomplish through the direct help of others.
99. Earthquake/地震 #4394 2018-07

At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, the people of San Francisco were awakened by an earthquake that would devastate the
city.
The main temblor, having a 7.7–7.9 magnitude, lasted about one minute and was the result of the rupturing of the
northernmost 296 miles of the 800-mile San Andreas fault.
But when calculating destruction, the earthquake took second place to the great fire that followed.
The fire, lasting four days, most likely started with broken gas lines (and, in some cases, was helped along by people
hoping to collect insurance for their property — they were covered for fire, but not earthquake, damage).
100. 3D models/三维模型 #4363 2018-07

回忆要点：考了新题：3D models 下面是我的排序 1.先引出这个话题 2.the process已经被university掌握（关键词有头盖

骨，学校和医生学习实验之类） 3.Now 有学校.... 4.Fox example（这段中主要解释，一个key word和3里对应） 5.the
public and students可以看到close detail的内容希望考过的大神补充
101. Jean Briggs/珍布里格斯 #4343 2018-07

Jean Briggs has worked with the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic and has described how, within these communities,
growing up is largely seen as a process of acquiring thought, reason and understanding (known in Inuit as ihuma).
Young children don't possess these qualities and are easily angered, cry frequently and are incapable of understanding
the external difficulties facing the community, such as shortages of food.
Because they can't be reasoned with, and don't understand, parents treat them with a great deal of tolerance and
leniency.
It's only when they are older and begin to acquire thought that parents attempt to teach them or discipline them.
102. An underperforming company/表现不佳的公司 #4313 2018-07 本月高频

Take an underperforming company.

Add some generous helping of debt, a few spoonful of management incentives and trim all the fat.
Leave to cook for five years and you have a feast of profits.
That has been the recipe for private-equity groups during the past 20 years.
103. Monash student/蒙纳士的学生 #4309 2018-07 本月高频
Mechanical engineering student Ne Tan is spending the first semester of this year studying at the University of
California, Berkeley as part of the Monash Abroad program.
Ne (Tan), an international student from Shanghai, China, began her Monash journey at Monash College in October
2006.
There she completed a diploma that enabled her to enter Monash University as a second-year student.
Now in her third year of study, the Monash Abroad program will see her complete four units of study in the US before
returning to Australia in May 2009.
104. New Ventures/新风险投资 #4258 2018-06 本月高频
New Ventures is a program that helps entrepreneurs in some of the world’s most dynamic, emerging economies--
Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia and Mexico.
We have facilitated more than $203 million in investment, and worked with 250 innovative businesses whose goods
and services produce clear, measurable environmental benefits, such as clean energy, efficient water use, and
sustainable agriculture.
Often they also address the challenges experienced by the world’s poor.
For example, one of the companies we work with in China, called Ecostar, refurbishes copy machines from the United
States and re-sells or leases them for 20 percent less than a branded photocopier.
105. Ecological footprint/生态足迹 #4252 2018-06
Ecological footprint accounting measures the demand on and supply of nature.

On the demand side, the ecological footprint measures the ecological assets that a given population requires to
produce the natural resources it consumes.
It tracks the use of six categories of productive surface areas; cropland, grazing land, fishing grounds, built-up land,
forest area, and carbon demand on land.
On the supply side, a city, state or nation’s bio-capacity represents the productivity of its ecological assets.
Both the ecological footprint and bio-capacity are expressed in global hectares —— globally comparable, standardized
hectares with world average productivity.
106. Tectonic plate/地壳构造板块 #4251 2018-06
The mantle makes up 84 percent of Earth’s volume, and though it’s solid rock, over the course of millions of years, it
behaves like a liquid.

This leads the tectonic plates on top to slowly jostle one another.
The buildup and sudden release of friction from this movement can cause earthquakes.
The movement also creates gaps in tectonic plates, which reduce the pressure on the mantle beneath it, allowing it to
melt and push through.
107. Airbnb/爱彼迎 #4245 2018-06
Back in 2008 a small company in San Francisco called Airbnb had a dream.
People with spare bedrooms would welcome strangers into their homes and share restaurant recommendations with
them for a small fee.
Fast forward to 2016 and the big, successful Airbnb is considered a mainstay of what we now call "the sharing
economy".
It is also the business that defines the mentality of the millennial.
108. Painting and photography/绘画与摄影 #4156 2018-06
Dependence, rivalry, envy, emulation: painting and photography, like members of a dysfunctional yet inseparable
family, just cannot cast off lineages of influence and appropriation.
Photography, from its appearance in 1839, looked to painting for fundamental models of depiction.
Yet it threw the older medium into crisis, removing at a stroke painting’s unique capacity to bear witness.
How these two media leapfrogged through the Victorian age, defining themselves against one another, is the subject
of Tate Britain’s exhibition Painting with Light.
109. Squares and rectangles/正方形与长方形 #4134 2018-06
回忆要点：讲正方形和长方形的，句子很短，不难。 1. Like square，the rectangle 都有四个角 2. The difference is

that...rectangle的边不是一样长的 3. 他们是按pair的，相对的是一对pair 4. So他们是一对长边和一对短边相对着的
110. European Union/欧洲联盟 #4133 2018-06 本月高频

The European Union has two big fish problems.

One is that, partly as a result of its failure to manage them properly, its own fisheries can no longer meet European
demand.
The other is that its governments won’t confront their fishing lobbies and decommission all the surplus boats.
The EU has tried to solve both problems by sending its fishermen to West Africa. Since 1979 it has struck agreements
with the government of Senegal, granting our fleets access to its waters.
As a result, Senegal’s marine ecosystem has started to go the same way as ours.
111. Summer school/暑期学校 #4132 2018-06 本月高频

The Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering will be holding the eleventh neutron summer school at Chalk River on
May 8 – 13, 2011.
The aim of the school is to cover a wide range of topics associated with thermal neutron scattering, including powder
diffraction, stress analysis, texture, reflectometry, and small-angle neutron scattering together with the underlying
theory associated with neutron scattering.
The theory will be presented in a way that should be understood by people in any of these fields.
For more information, see the Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering's Neutron Summer School.
112. Hire young people/雇佣年轻人 #4120 2018-06
Employers are often reluctant to hire young people, even though there are more than 850,000 unemployed 16 to 24-
year-olds and UK businesses are struggling to fill one in five vacancies because of skills shortages.
They are skeptical about young people’s skills and their readiness for work.
But a growing number of companies are setting up schemes to recruit young workers .
They can be surprised by the results.
113. Arcelor/阿赛洛集团 #4118 2018-06

Arcelor, established in Dutch, had been the largest European steel maker by 2006.
It was taken over by Mittal, a Dutch-registered company run from London by its biggest single shareholder, Lakshmi
Mittal, an Indian who started his first business in Indonesia.
The takeover battle raged for six months before Arcelor's bosses finally listened to shareholders who wanted the
board to accept Mittal's third offer.
The Arcelor-Mittal deal demonstrates Europe's deepening integration into the global economy.
114. Speak English well/说好英语 #4081 2018-05
Anyone wanting to get to the top of international business, medicine or academia (but possibly not sport) needs to be
able to speak English to a pretty high level.
Equally, any native English speaker wanting to deal with these new high achievers needs to know how to talk without
baffling them.
Because so many English-speakers today are monoglots, they have little idea how difficult it is to master another
language.
Many think the best way to make foreigners understand is to be chatty and informal.
This may seem friendly but, as it probably involves using colloquial expressions, it makes comprehension harder.
115. Harvard Business Review/哈佛商业评论 #4057 2018-05 本月高频
When Vijay Govindarajan and Christian Sarkar wrote a blog entry on Harvard Business Review in August 2010 mooting
the idea of a "$300-house for the poor", they were merely expressing a suggestion.
"Of course, the idea we present here is an experiment,” wrote Prof Govindarajan, a professor of international business
at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth and Mr Sarkar, a marketing consultant who works on environmental
issues - an almost apologetic disclaimer for having such a "far-out" idea.
Who could create a house for $300 and if it was possible, why hadn't it been done before?
Nonetheless, they closed their blog with a challenge: "We ask chief executives, governments, NGOs, foundations: Are
there any takers?"
116. Animal/动物 #3748 2018-04 本月高频
All animals have a strong exploratory urge, but for some it is more crucial than others.
It depends on how specialized they have become above all during the course of evolution.
If they have put all their effort into the perfection of one survival trick, they do not bother so much with the general
complexities of the world around them.
So long as the ant eater had its ants and the koala bear had gum leaves, then they are satisfied and the living is easy.
The non-specialists, however, the opportunities of the animal world, can never afford to relax.
117. University of Otago/奥大国际卫生中心 #3728 2018-04 本月高频
University of Otago Center of International Health co-directors Professor Philip Hill and Professor John Crump share a
view that global health is a multidisciplinary activity.
In their work - from Tanzania to the Gambia, from Myanmar to Indonesia and beyond - they tap into a wide range of
expertise from across the University, including clinicians, microbiologists and molecular microbiologists, public health
experts, economists and mathematicians.
They have also forged relationships and collaborations with research and aid agencies around the world.
For the past seven years Professor Philip Hill has been part of a collaborative tuberculosis research project in
Indonesia, with the University of Padjadjaran in Bandung, West Java, undertaking European Commission - funded
research into the causative links between infectious and non-communicable diseases in this case tuberculosis (TB) and
diabetes mellitus.
118. Mario de Andrade/马里奥·安德拉德 #3708 2018-04
Early in 1938, Mario de Andrade, the municipal secretary of culture here, dispatched a four-member Folklore Research
Mission to the northeastern hinterlands of Brazil on a similar mission.
The intention was to record as much music as possible as quickly as possible, before encroaching influences like radio
and cinema began transforming the region's distinctive culture.
They recorded whoever and whatever seemed to be interesting: piano carriers, cowboys, beggars, voodoo priests,
quarry workers, fishermen, dance troupes and even children at play.
But the Brazilian mission's collection ended up languishing in vaults here.
119. Higher Income/更高的收入 #3701 2018-04
Most people expect and achieve higher income.

They desire a greater purchasing power,...

Some people maintain a same income.
Thus their purchasing power has been eaten away by the inflation rate.
120. A requirement of Humanities/人文学科的一个要求 #3675 2018-03 本月高频
A requirement of Humanities 104 is to write a persuasive paper on a topic of your choice.

The topic you choose should be supported by a range of sources.
The source should be cited under APA guidelines, and the final draft should be written in APA styles.
The final draft is due one week before the final exam.
121. Current Students/在校生 #3522 2018-03
回忆要点：1. 可以跟着current students去上lecture，lab，workshop 2.在这个过程中你可以问current students很多问题 3.

这个活动几点-几点开始 3点到5点结束你可以看看这个时间是不是适合你 4.如果你想参加这个活动，contact 一个email
122. University's Offer/大学录取通知书 #3521 2018-03
回忆要点：1. 有100多所学校，如果你收到很多university的offer 2.你最好去visit一下学校 3.visit跟website上看到的是不一样

的（这句开头是The important is）4.visit可以帮你了解teaching facilities，second year你off campus可以住的地方
123. E-waste/电子垃圾 #3493 2018-03
回忆要点：第一句introdction不会错，第二句一开头就是as well as 第三句这些东西也就是e-waste怎样怎样，第四句在英国

以每年3%-5%的百分比上涨！难点第二句一开始就是as well as开头，但后来你发现只能放在这，因为后面2句出现e-waste
也就是说第二段这些物品有了一个归类了，这个顺序应该没错
124. Study overseas/出国留学 #3366 2018-03 本月高频
All over the world students are changing countries for their university studies.
They don’t all have the same reasons for going or for choosing a particular place to study.
They may choose a university because of its interesting courses or perhaps because they like the country and its
language.
Some students go overseas because they love travel.
Whatever the reason, thousands of students each year make their dreams of a university education come true.
125. Journalists objectivity/记者的客观性 #3346 2018-03 本月高频

Although experts like journalists are expected to be unbiased they invariably share the system biases of the disciplines
and cultures in which they work.
Journalists try to be fair and objective by presenting all sides of a particular issue.
Practically speaking, however, it is about as easy to present all sides of an issue as it is to invite candidates from all
political parties to a presidential debate.
Some perspectives ultimately are not included.
126. International Economics/国际经济 #3342 2018-02
International Economics: Theory and Policy is a proven approach in which each half of the book leads with an intuitive
introduction to theory and follows with self-contained chapters to cover key policy applications.
The Eighth Edition integrates the latest research, data, and policy in hot topics such as outsourcing, economic
geography, trade and environment, financial derivatives, the subprime crisis, and China's exchange rate policies.
New for the Eighth Edition, all end-of-chapter problems are integrated into MyEconLab, the online assessment and
tutorial system that accompanies the text.
Students get instant, targeted feedback, and instructors can encourage practice without needing to grade work by
hand. For more information visit MyEconLab.
127. Carbon pricing/碳定价制度 #2483 2018-01
There is a growing consensus that, if serious action is to be taken to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in
Canada, a price must be applied to those emissions.
There are, however, challenges associated with the political acceptability of carbon pricing.
If Canada implements a carbon price on its own, there are worries that Canadian factories will relocate to other
countries to avoid the regulation.
Even if other countries act in concert with Canada to price carbon, the effects will be uneven across sectors, and
lobbying efforts by relatively more-affected sectors might threaten the political viability of the policy.
128. Technology Revolutions/技术演化 #2482 2018-01

Sometime about a million and a half years ago, some forgotten genius of the hominid world did an unexpected thing.
He (or very possibly she) took one stone and carefully used it to shape another.
The result was a simple teardrop-shaped hand-axe, but it was the world's first piece of advanced technology.
It was so superior to existing tools that soon others were following the inventor's lead and making hand-axes of their
own.
Eventually whole societies existed that seemed to do little else.
129. Scientific dishonesty/科学中的谎言 #2469 2018-01 本月高频
I think we should be wary of the reporting of science - it is often over-dramatized in order to secure an audience - but
not of science itself.

Of course, there are rare extremely scientific dishonesties, which will be seized upon by the news organizations.
The role of science in modern society remains valuable.
Mobile phones, for example, can cause incidents if drivers insist on talking on the phone instead of looking at roads.
But no one would argue that mobile phones cannot help to make a phone call when we are in a crisis.
130. Sessions/研讨会 #2202 2017-12
回忆要点：1. 大家不太 understand he policy of the Minister 2. Hence, 举办 local sessions 3. the sessions 有 government
bodies 参与 4. 参与的 employees admitted ... 5. Their agreement ... 这是我排的顺序
131. Heart attack/心脏病发作 #2201 2017-12 本月高频

Heart attack is the caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot.
When the clot is formed, it will stay in the blood vessels.
The clot in blood vessels will block blood flow.
Without the normal blood flow, it will cause muscle contraction.
132. Graduation/毕业 #2178 2017-11 本月高频
During the school year, we had the benefit of being both unaccountable and omnipotent.
Insulated from the consequences of such decisions, and privy to all critical information about the case, we were able to
solve complex business problems with relative ease.
We knew that once we began our internships, this would no longer be the case.
The information would be more nebulous and the outcomes of our decisions would be unpredictable.
So in approaching this impending summer period, what lingered in the back of our minds was a collectively felt,
unspeakable thought: "Were we really up to the challenge?"
133. Cropping/庄稼 #2173 2017-11

回忆要点：as long as human start cropping, they try to protect their harvest. 4,500 years ago, XX used Sulphur as the
pesticide start the first pesticide, we have all kinds of to kill insects improve efficiency every dollar invest now on
pesticides can generate XX
134. Competence and performance/能力和性能 #2072 2017-11 本月高频
In language learning, there is a distinction between competence and performance. Competence is a state of the
speaker’s mind. What does he or she know?
Separate from actual performance- what he or she does while producing or comprehending language. In other words,

competence is put to use through performance.

An analogy can be made to the Highway Code for driving. Drivers know the Code and have indeed been tested on it to
obtain a driving license.
In actual driving, however, the driver has to relate the Code to a continuous flow of changing circumstances, and may
even break it from time to time.
Knowing the Highway Code is not the same as driving.
135. Ancestors of Human/人类祖先 #1781 2017-11
回忆要点：最早的时候人类没有火源，活得很惨举例说明怎么个惨法：例如吃生的食物，晚上睡觉很冷，还要担心有捕食者

后来发现了火源，生活改善了举例说明有了火都能干啥了：sparkling and blazing开头的句子科技进步带来了变化，但是也
带来了危害，举了例子，到底是好还是坏不得而知
136. Superpower/超级强权 #1779 2017-11 本月高频
回忆要点：这道题我考的顺序是 1) The “superpower” has international text, which means having control on resources
and ... political power 2) It’s including .... 3) In terms of “green superpower”, .... 4) In addition to the green energy
superpower, companies should meet above global average ... emissions and ...
137. Brazil's Rainforests/巴西的热带雨林 #1738 2017-10
回忆要点：1. 从 1980s 开始，巴西的热带雨林就开始出现旱灾 drought，巴西的热带雨林由于植被退化数量正在锐减. 2.

Deforestation 引起了气候变换 climate change. 3. 科学家预测 climate change 还会带来其他的 consequences. 4. 这样的
consequences 就包括 drought.
138. Carbon Detox/碳排毒 #1736 2017-10 本月高频
In his fascinating book Carbon Detox, George Marshall argues that people are not persuaded by information.
Our view is formed by the views of people with whom we mix.
Of the narratives that might penetrate these circles, we are more likely to listen to those that offer us some reward.
He proposes that instead of arguing for sacrifice, environmentalists should show where the rewards might lie: that
understanding what the science is saying and planning accordingly is the smart thing to do, which will protect your
interests more effectively than flinging abuse at scientists.
We should emphasize the old-fashioned virtues of uniting in the face of a crisis, of resourcefulness and community
action.
139. Children/孩子 #1734 2017-10
Many young children are inexperienced in dealing with emotional upheaval.

As a result, they lack the coping strategies that many adults have.
In particular, many young children lack the verbal skills to express their emotions and to effectively communicate their
need for emotional support.
The frustration of not being able to effectively communicate may manifest itself in alternative behaviors.
Such behavior may risk developing behavioral social and emotional problems.
140. Liberal Town/自由城 #1733 2017-10
The town of Liberal is said to have been named for an early settler famous among travelers for being free with
drinking water.
Liberal is conservative in a moderate Midwestern kind of way which is changing fast due to big National Beef Packing
plant which relies on Hispanic migrants, and thus four-fifths of the children in Liberal’s public-school system are
Hispanic.
This should make the town receptive to Democrats, but Mr. Trump easily won the county of which it forms a part.
Liberal’s mayor, Joe Denoyer, who was raised in a Democratic family near Chicago and moved to Liberal in search of
work.
Mr. Denoyer voted for Mr. Trump by being impressed by his promise, though he thinks it unlikely that the president
will keep his promises.
141. Motivation of employee/员工的动力 #1732 2017-10
The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through the employees.
In order to do this , the manager should be able to motivate its employees.
However, this easier said than done.
Motivation practice and theory are difficult, complex subjects touching on several disciplines .
142. The pilot/飞行员 #1731 2017-10

After World War II, especially in North America, there was a boom in general aviation, both private and commercial, as
thousands of pilots were released from military service and much inexpensive war-surplus transport and training
aircraft became available.
Manufacturers such as Cessna, Piper, and Beechcraft expanded production to provide light aircraft for the new
middle-class market.
By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely used
passenger jet was the Boeing 707 because it was much more economical than other aircraft at that time.
At the same time, turboprop propulsion began to appear for smaller commuter planes, making it possible to serve
small-volume routes in a much wider range of weather conditions.
143. Meetings/会议 #1730 2017-10

回忆要点：员工参加了一个会议，承认了一些东西，这个会议是由官方安排的。很多人不了解最新发布的信息。Hence,官方
特意安排了相关的信息发布会。还有一个会议大致内容还是结婚的解释。

144. Sherbet powder/冰冻果子露粉 #1729 2017-10
The sherbet is a mixture of baking soda and citric acid.

When it is mixed with water in your mouth, an endothermic reaction occurs, taking heat energy from your mouth and
making it feel cooler.
Cold packs used by athletes to treat injuries. These packs usually consist of a plastic bag containing ammonium nitrate
dissolves in the water.
This process is endothermic-taking heat energy from the surroundings and cooling the injured part of your body. In
this way, the cold pack acts as an ice pack.
145. Opinion compromise/舆论妥协 #1728 2017-10 本月高频
There is a tendency to underestimate how long it takes to discuss and resolve an issue on which two people initially
have different views.
The reason is that achieving agreement requires people to accept the reality of views different from their own and to
accept change or compromise.
It is not just a matter of putting forward a set of facts and expecting the other person immediately to accept the logic
of the exposition.
They (and probably you) have to be persuaded and helped to feel comfortable about the outcome that is eventually
agreed.
People need time to make this adjustment in attitude.
146. Meeting/会议 #1727 2017-10
People always think it's easy to organize a meeting. However, there are many potentials can hinder the starting time.
This is especially true when employees are working with a large number of partners.
Employees may meet troubles such as contacting and organizing a date and time, arranging accommodation, etc.
In addition, sometimes you have to find children facility or other health care for the meeting participants.
147. Bankrupt/破产 #1726 2017-10
In Montana as elsewhere, companies that have acquired older mines respond to demands to pay for cleanup in either
of two ways.
If the company is small, its owners may declare the company bankrupt, in some cases conceal its assets, and transfer
their business efforts to other companies or to new companies that do not bear responsibility for cleanup at the old
mine.
If the company is so large that it cannot claim that it would be bankrupted by cleanup costs (as in the case of ARCO
that I shall discuss below), the company instead denies its responsibility or else seeks to minimize the costs.
In either case, either the mine site and areas downstream of it remain toxic, thereby endangering people, or else the
U.S. federal government and the Montana state government (hence ultimately all taxpayers) pay for the cleanup
through the federal Superfund and a corresponding Montana state fund.

148. Tree ring/树的年轮 #1725 2017-10 本月高频
Historical records, coins, and other date-bearing objects can help - if they exist. But even prehistoric sites contain
records - written in nature's hand.
The series of strata in an archaeological dig enables an excavator to date recovered objects relatively, if not
absolutely.
However, when archaeologists want to know the absolute date of a site, they can often go beyond simple stratigraphy.
For example, tree rings, Dendrochronology (literally, —tree timell) dates wooden artefacts by matching their ring
patterns to known records, which, in some areas of the world, span several thousand years.
149. Sustainable Development/可持续发展 #1723 2017-10 本月高频
Whatever happened to the idea of progress and a better future? I still believe in both.
The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future (1987), defines sustainable development as “development which meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
Implicit in this definition is the idea that the old pattern of development could not be sustained. Is this true?
Development in the past was driven by growth and innovation. It led to new technologies and huge improvements in
living standards.
To assume that we know what the circumstances or needs of future generations will be is mistaken and inevitably
leads to the debilitating sense that we are living on borrowed time.
150. Desert festival/沙漠的节日 #1722 2017-10 本月高频
The "Festival in The Desert" is a celebration of the musical heritage of the Touareg, a fiercely independent nomadic
people.
It is held annually near Essakane, an oasis some 40 miles north-west of Timbuktu, the ancient city on the Niger River.
Reaching it tests endurance, with miles of impermanent sand tracks to negotiate.
The reward of navigating this rough terrain comes in the form of a three-day feast of music and dance.
151. Piano/钢琴 #1721 2017-10
In the early years of piano construction, keys were commonly made from sugar pine.
Today they are usually made of spruce or basswood.
Spruce is typically used in high-quality pianos.
Black keys were traditionally made of ebony, and the white keys were covered with strips of ivory. However, since
ivory-yielding species are now endangered and protected by treaty, makers use plastics almost exclusively.
Also, ivory tends to chip more easily than plastic.
152. False memories/错误记忆 #1720 2017-10

False memories are constructed by combining actual memories with the content of suggestions received from others.
During the process, individuals may forget the source of information.
This is a classic example of source confusion, in which the content and the source become dissociated.
Of course, because we can implant false childhood memories in some individuals in no way implies that all memories
that arise after suggestion are necessarily false.
Put another way, although experimental work on the creation of false memories may raise doubt about the validity of
long-buried memories, such as repeated trauma, it in no way disproves them.
153. Aviation/航空 #1719 2017-10
During the 1920s and 1930s, great progress was made in the field of aviation, including the first transatlantic flight of
Alcock and Brown in 1919, Charles Lindbergh's solo transatlantic flight in 1927, and Charles Kingsford Smith's
transpacific flight the following year.
One of the most successful designs of this period was the Douglas DC-3, which became the first airliner to be
profitable carrying passengers exclusively, starting the modern era of passenger airline service.
By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built airports, and there were numerous qualified pilots
available.
The war brought many innovations to aviation, including the first jet aircraft and the first liquid-fueled rockets.
154. Hypothesis/假设 #1718 2017-10 本月高频
A common mistake is to ignore or rule out data which do not support the hypothesis.
Ideally, the experimenter is open to the possibility that the hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
Sometimes, however, a scientist may have a strong belief that the hypothesis is true (or false), or feels internal or
external pressure to get a specific result.
In that case, there may be a psychological tendency to find "something wrong," such as systematic effects, with data
which do not support the scientist's expectations, while data which do agree with those expectations may not be
checked as carefully.
The lesson is that all data must be handled in the same way.
155. Choosing Schools/选择学校 #1716 2017-10
There are more than 100 schools in the country.

Do not ever choose a school without going to the place and having a look. You should go and see once you have a
chance.
You can see the facilities and accommodations around the school.
Because you might be living there.
And they can be helpful to your study as well.
156. Vegetarian/素食主义者 #1711 2017-10 本月高频

Vegetarians do not eat meat or fish in their diet.

This diet is not only unattractive but also may cause nutritional imbalance if not managed well.
Restaurants and school cafeteria adjust and amend their menus to adapt to this special diet.
Menus in all of these places have become more balance in nutrients, and also attract those who are not vegetarians.
These developments/improvements won’t succeed without the effort of vegetarians.
157. Energy Industry Employment/能源行业就业 #1710 2017-10 本月高频
Engineers are much needed to develop greener technologies, he says.

The energy sector has a fantastic skills shortage at all levels, both now and looming over it for the next ten years.
Not only are there some good career opportunities, but there’s a lot of money going into the research side, too.
With the pressures of climate change and the energy gap, in the last few years funding from the research councils has
probably doubled.
158. Chimpanzees/黑猩猩 #1705 2017-10

A simple way to disprove this hypothesis (the Innateness Hypothesis) is to demonstrate that other species have the
capacity to speak but for some reason simply have not developed speech.
A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares 98.4% of the human genetic code.
Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike homo sapiens, their vocal cords are located higher in their throats and
cannot be controlled as delicately as human vocal cords.
It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are incapable of language.
Perhaps they can acquire grammar like humans if they could only express it some other way.
159. Jet Stream/射流 #1702 2017-10

The jet stream, narrow, swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging from 7 to 8 mi (11.312.9 km) above the
surface of the earth.
They are caused by great temperature differences between adjacent air masses. There are four major jet streams.
Instead of moving along a straight line, the jet stream flows in a wavelike fashion the waves propagate eastward (in
the Northern Hemisphere) at speeds considerably slower than the wind speed itself.
Since the progress of an airplane is aided or impeded depending on whether tailwinds or headwinds are encountered.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the jet stream is sought by eastbound aircraft, in order to gain speed and save fuel, and
avoided by westbound aircraft.
160. The process behind the ads/广告背后的过程 #1529 2017-07

Over the years, I have had the opportunities to observe and understand the thought process behind the ads that have
been flooding both the print and the TV.

Although there is a huge shift in the quality of ads that we come across on a daily basis -- thanks essentially to
improvement in technology, I somehow can't help but feel that the quality of communication of the message has
become diluted.
There is an increasing attempt by most companies to be seen as cool and funky.
Another reason could be the burgeoning number of companies, which means an exponential increase in the number
of ads that are being made.
Proportionally, the numbers of ads that lack in quality have gone up exponentially as well.
161. Marquez/马尔克斯 #1527 2017-07

Marquez arrived in October 1577 at the abandoned town of Santa Elena with two ships carrying pre-fabricated posts
and heavy planking.
He erected fort San Marcos in six days in defense against a Native American attack such as the one that forced the
abandonment of the town a year earlier.
The town had flourished, nearing 400 residents, since its establishment more than a decade earlier in 1566 by Pedro
Menendez de Aviles who had founded La Florida and St. Augustine the year before.
In 1571, it became the capital of Spanish Florida.
162. Internet search/网络调查 #1526 2017-07
In the lobby of an internet search engine company's headquarters in California, computer screens display lists of the
words being entered into the company's search engine.
Although it says the system is designed to filter out any scandalous or potentially compromising queries, the fact that
even a fraction of searches can be seen by visitors to the world's biggest search company is likely to come as a shock
to internet users who think of web browsing as a private affair.
However, that may be changing.
Over the past year, a series of privacy gaffes and government attempts to gain access to internet users' online
histories have, along with consolidation among online search and advertising groups, thrust the issue of internet
privacy into the spotlight.
This presents a challenge to internet search companies, which have built a multi-billion dollar industry of targeted
advertising based on the information users reveal about themselves online.
163. Weather in Delhi/德里的天气 #1525 2017-07
Normally in Delhi, September is a month of almost equatorial fertility, and the land seems refreshed and newly-
washed.
But in the year of our arrival, after a parching summer, the rains had lasted for only three weeks.
As a result, dust was everywhere, and the city's trees and flowers all looked as if they had been lightly sprinkled with
talcum powder.
Nevertheless, the air was still sticky with damp-heat, and it was in a cloud of perspiration that we began to unpack.
164. Stored food/储存食物 #1524 2017-07 本月高频

A consequence of a settled existence is that it permits one to store food surpluses since storage would be pointless if
one didn't remain nearby to guard the stored food.
So, while some nomadic hunter-gatherers may occasionally bag more food than they can consume in a few days, such
a bonanza is of little use to them because they cannot protect it.
But stored food is essential for feeding non-food producing specialists, and certainly for supporting whole towns of
them.
Hence nomadic hunter-gatherer societies have few or no such full-time specialists, who instead first appear in
sedentary societies.
165. Foreign aid/外国援助 #1523 2017-07 本月高频
At the beginning of the 1990s, foreign aid had begun to improve slowly.
Scrutiny by the news media shamed many developed countries into curbing their bad practices.
Today, the projects of organizations like the World Bank are meticulously inspected by watchdog groups.
Although the system is far from perfect, it is certainly more transparent than it was when foreign aid routinely helped
ruthless dictators stay in power.
166. Marine Creatures/ 海底生物 #1521 2017-07 本月高频
In order to establish whether diversity matters in the sea as well as on land, 11 marine biologists, along with three
economists, have joined forces.
They have spent the past three years crunching all the numbers they could lay on their hands on.
These ranged from the current UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s database to information hundreds of years old,
gleaned from kitchen records and archeology.
The results of this comprehensive analysis have been published in Science.
167. Electronic transactions/电子交易 #1520 2017-07
Cash transactions offer both privacy and anonymity as it does not contain information that can be used to identify the
parties nor the transaction history.
Moreover, money is worth what it is because we have come to accept it.
The whole structure of traditional money is built on faith and so will electronic money have to be.
Electronic transactions are happening in closed group networks and Internet. Electronic commerce is one of the most
important aspects of the Internet to emerge.
To support e-commerce, we need effective payment systems and secure communication channels and data integrity.
168. Map/地图 #1519 2017-07
For as long as I can remember, there has been a map in the ticket hall of Piccadilly Circus tube station supposedly
showing night and day across the time zones of the world.
This is somewhat surprising given the London Underground's history difficulty in grasping the concept of punctuality.
But this map has always fascinated me and still does, even though it now seems very primitive.
This is because it chops the world up equally by longitude, without regard the reality of either political divisions or the
changing seasons.
169. University of Canberra/堪培拉大学 #1516 2017-07 本月高频

A University of Canberra student has launched the nation's first father-led literacy project, to encourage fathers to
become more involved in their children's literacy.
Julia Bocking's Literacy and Dads (LADS) project aim to increase the number of fathers participating as literacy helpers
in K-2 school reading programs at Queanbeyan Primary Schools.
Having worked as a literacy tutor with teenagers, Ms. Bocking saw the need for good attitudes towards reading to be
formed early on -- with the help of more male role models.
She said. "A male that values reading sets a powerful role model, particularly for young boys, who are statistically
more likely to end up in the remedial literacy program."
170. Investigation for Children's Medicine/关于儿童药品的调查 #1515 2017-07
A major review of antidepressants has found they are largely ineffective and may even be harmful for children and
teens' depression in the Amazon.
The true effectiveness and risk of serious harms is found in the borders of Amazon such as suicidal thoughts remain
unclear because of the small number of trials and the selective reporting findings in published trials and clinical study
reports.
The study authors recommend that 'children and adolescents taking antidepressants should be carefully monitored
closely and permanently, however, prohibits the study of children's antidepressants.
This was widely opposed by multi-billion companies that have already invested antidepressants.
It is therefore recommended a child could self-reproach starting with a low dose and build up gradually within to
prevent the side effects.
171. Memory loss/ 记忆力消失 #1512 2017-07 本月高频
In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his memory.
Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn't have the foggiest idea.
Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get something to eat.
Studies of this man led scientists to break through: the part of our brains where habits are stored has nothing to do
with memory or reason.
It offered proof of what the US psychologist Willian James noticed more than a century ago that humans "are mere
walking bundles of habits."
172. Time management/时间管理 #1511 2017-07
Due to increasing demands, people in every organization are pushing themselves to their limits.

Individuals arrive early to get work done before the phone starts ringing and the meetings begin.
Then, they stay late to get more work done.
These are signs for management to stop raising the performance bar every year, lest their staff become time-
bankrupt.
Clearly, they need to avoid this situation, because eventually burnt-out employees can only have a negative impact on
productivity.
173. Traffic Accidents/交通事故 #1509 2017-07
Road safety analyses of driver behavior have traditionally concentrated on the role of the male driver.
While this is in keeping with the fact that the majority of drivers involved in fatal crashes are male, the relative
proportion of fatal crashes involving female drivers has been steadily increasing over many decades.
Thus, while virtually all drivers killed 45 years ago were male, the percentage of female driver fatalities had risen to
13% in 1970 and in recent years females have accounted for between 22% and 27% of all driver deaths.
In view of this situation, this report examines differences between male and female drivers in terms of travel
characteristics, fatal crash risk, fatal crash characteristics and factors affecting injury outcome.
174. Charles Lindbergh/查尔斯·林德伯格 #1508 2017-07 本月高频
After finishing first in his pilot training class, Lindbergh took his job as the chief pilot of an airmail route operated by
Robertson Aircraft Co. of Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri.
He flew the mail in a de Havilland DH-4 biplane to Springfield, Illinois, Peoria and Chicago.
During his tenure on the mail route, he was renowned for delivering the mail under any circumstances.
After a crash, he even salvaged bags of mail from his burning aircraft and immediately phoned Alexander Varney,
Peoria's airport manager, to advise him to send a truck.
175. Green tea/绿茶 #943 2017-05 本月高频
In may 2006, researchers at Yale University weighed in on green tea's health benefits with a review article that
examined more than 100 studies on the subjects.
They pointed to the "Asian paradox," lower rate of heart diseases and cancer in Asia despite a high rate of smoking.
They theorized that the 1.2 liters of green tea consumed by many Asians each day, provides high levels of polyphenols
and other antioxidants.
These compounds may work in several ways to improve cardiovascular health.
Specifically, green tea may prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol which in turn can reduce the build-up of plaque in
arteries, the researchers wrote.
176. Car accident/车祸 #566 2017-04 本月高频
Frequently, car accidents occur in the morning.

Particularly, accidents occur from 5 am to 7 am.

During this time, teenage drivers...

Raise concerns about this age group.
Consequently, the system also to address. The new measure suggests that more qualifications for a teenager to get a
license (Also there is a system).
177. Australia's refugee policy/澳洲难民政策 #565 2017-04
Australia used to have a generous immigration policy for refugees fleeing violence and conflict.
We took even more than our share of refugees on a population-weighted basic.
With the election of a new administration, all refugees were subject to detention while waiting for a decision on their
application.
At the same time, a raft of changes was introduced to alter Australia's migration law and policy.
The rate of refugee arrivals has indeed slowed; but, as some argue, at the expense of our human rights reputation.
178. The ability to write/写作能力 #564 2017-04
回忆要点：1. 人类的很多能力都知道从什么时候开始的（there are many forms for interaction） 2. 但 writing的能力不知道

从什么时候开始的（written language definition） 3.然后writing的能力大概是从什么时候开始的（starting time） 4. 找了
个人举例（specification）
179. Cell/细胞 #563 2017-04 本月高频
Embryonic stem cells are valued by scientists because the cells' descendant can turn into any other sort of body cell.
These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles,
skin, and the liver.
They might thus be used as treatments for diseases that require the replacement of a particular, lost cell type.
Some example cited for a possible treatment using these cells are diabetes, motor neuron disease and Parkinson's
disease.
180. Fruit intake/水果的摄入 #562 2017-04 本月高频
Fruit and vegetable intake is important for the prevention of future chronic disease. So it's important to know whether
intakes of teens are approaching national objectives for fruit and vegetable consumption.
Larson and colleagues from the University of Minnesota undertook the study to examine whether or not teens in the
state were increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables.
The study gathered information about fruit and vegetable intake among 944 boys and 1.161 girls in 1999 and again in
2004.
Teens in middle adolescence are eating fewer fruits and vegetables than in 1999. Larson and colleagues found.
This is giving us the message that we need new and enhanced efforts to increase fruit and vegetable intake that we
haven't been doing in the past.

181. Fiber v.s Wool and Silk/纤维，羊毛和丝绸 #561 2017-04 本月高频
Fibers suitable for clothing have been made for the first time from the wheat protein gluten.
The fibers are as strong and soft as wool and silk.
However, they are 30 times cheaper.
Narendra Reddy and Yiqi Yang, who produced the fibers at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln. In addition, he says
that because they are biodegradable, they might be used in biomedical applications such as surgical sutures.
182. Conferences/联合国会议 #559 2017-04 本月高频
Conferences have played a key role in guiding the work of the UN since its inception.
In fact, the world body was born when delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco in April 1945 for the United
Nations Conference on International Organization.
The recent high-profile conferences on development issues, which have continued a series that began in the 1970s,
have broken new ground in many areas: By involving Presidents, Prime Ministers and other heads of State — as
pioneered at the 1990 World Summit for Children.
These events have put long-term, difficult problems like poverty and environmental degradation at the top of the
global agenda.
These problems otherwise would not have the political urgency to grab front-page headlines and command the
attention of world leaders.
183. Market/市场 #558 2017-04
Markets may be good at encouraging innovation and following trends, but they were no good at ensuring social
equality.
These markets had become rapidly dominated by powerful enterprises who were able to act in their interests, against
the interests of both workers and consumers.
There had already been some legislation to prevent such abuses - such as various Factory Acts to prevent the
exploitation of child workers.
Mill was able to see an expanded role for the State in such legislation to protect us against powerful interests.
He was able to argue that the State was the only organ that was genuinely capable of responding to social needs and
social interests, unlike markets.
184. Mother of Storm/风暴之母 #557 2017-04 本月高频
Unlike Barnes' previous books, Mother of Storms has a fairly large cast of viewpoint characters.
This usually irritates me, but I didn't mind it here, and their interactions are well-handled and informative, although
occasionally in moving them about the author's manipulations are a bit blatant.
They're not all necessarily good guys, either, although with the hurricanes wreaking wholesale destruction upon the
world's coastal areas, ethical categories tend to become irrelevant.
But even the Evil American Corporate Magnate is a pretty likable guy.

185. Record/记录 #555 2017-04 本月高频

Over the years many human endeavors have had the benefit of language.
In particular, a written language can convey a lot of information about past events, places, people and things.
But it is difficult to describe music in words, and even more difficult to specify a tune.
It was the development of a standard musical notation in the 11th century that allowed music to be documented in a
physical form.
Now music could be communicated efficiently, and succeeding generations would know something about the music of
their ancestors.
186. Railway development/铁路的发展 #552 2017-04
Roads of rails called Wagonways were being used in Germany as early as 1550.
These primitive railed roads consisted of wooden rails over which horse-drawn wagons or carts moved with greater
ease than over dirt roads. Wagonways were the beginnings of modern railroads
By 1776, iron had replaced the wood in the rails and wheels on the carts.
Thirteen years later, Englishman, William Jessup designed the first wagons with flanged wheels.
The flange was a groove that allowed the wheels to grip the rail better, and this was an important design that carried
over to later locomotives.
187. Issue currency/发行货币 #551 2017-04
In most countries, it is only the government, through their central banks, who are permitted to issue currency.
But in Scotland, three banks are still allowed to issue banknotes.
The first Scottish bank to do this was the Bank of Scotland.
When this bank was founded in 1695, Scots coinage was in short supply and of uncertain value, compared with
English, Dutch, Flemish or French coin.
To face growth of trades, it was demand necessary to remedy this lack of adequate currency.
188. Indian IT/印度IT #548 2017-04 本月高频
Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills, says Arun Maria, chairman of Boston
Consulting Group in India.
Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to provide services in a more cost-
effective way.
This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research.
He suggests the country’s computer services industry can simply outsource research to foreign universities if the
capability is not available locally.
“This way, I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce them myself,” said Mr. Maria.

189. Language/学习语言 #547 2017-04 本月高频

It is wrong to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive skills, because language stands apart in
several ways.
For one thing, the use of language is universal - all normally developing children learn to speak at least one language
and may learn more than one.
By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few people learn to paint well, and
many people cannot carry a tune.
Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to be simple.
But just the opposite is true-language is one of the most complexes of all human cognitive abilities.
190. Sea Level Raise/海面上升 #546 2017-04 本月高频

Sea level raise led to 36 thousand people died every year.

This number can be raised if sea level ceaseless goes up, scientists notified.
According to the research, if sea level raises 50 centimeters, 86 million people will die.
If sea level raises 1 meter, 168 million people will die all around the world.
191. International date line/国际日界线 #544 2017-04 本月高频
International date line, imaginary line, on the earth's surface, generally following the 180°meridian of longitude, where,
by international agreement, travelers change dates.
The dateline is necessary to avoid confusion that would otherwise result.
For example, if an airplane were to travel westward with the sun, 24 hr would elapse as it circled the globe, but it
would still be the same day for those in the airplane while it would be one day later for those on the ground below
them.
The same problem would arise if two travelers journeyed in opposite directions to a point on the opposite side of the
earth, 180° of longitude distant.
The apparent paradox is resolved by requiring that the traveler is crossing the dateline change his date, thus bringing
the travelers into the agreement when they meet.
192. Rosa Parks/罗莎帕克斯 #541 2017-04 本月高频

It was there that Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to vacate her seat in the middle of the bus so that a
white man could sit in her place.
She was arrested for her civil disobedience.
Parks’ arrest, a coordinated tactic meant to spark a grassroots movement, succeeded in catalyzing the Montgomery
bus boycott.
Parks was chosen by King as the face for his campaign because of Parks’ good standing with the community, her
employment, and her marital status.
Earlier in 1955, Claudette Colvin, a 15-year old African American girl, had been arrested for the same crime. However,
King and his civil rights compatriots did not feel that she would serve as an effective face for the civil rights campaign.
193. German Writer and His Books/德国作家与他的书 #540 2017-04 本月高频
This site contains a comprehensive listing of the works of Norbert Elias, a German sociologist.
The site lists not only his published books and articles but also manuscripts and oral communications, in a variety of
media and including reprints and translations.
The material has been catalogued, cross-referenced and organized by date.
There is, however, no search facility.
194. Mayors/市长 #535 2017-04
Education scholars generally agree that mayors can help failing districts
But they are starting to utter warnings.
Last summer the editors of the Harvard Educational Review warned that mayoral control could reduce parents'
influence on schools.
One pointed to Mr. Bloomberg's aggressive style as an example of what not to do.
195. Wal-mart CEO comments/沃尔玛高管评经济危机 #534 2017-04 本月高频
总结了一下，比较信95楼的答案，毕竟阅读90了，大家如果考到可以再来补充这题： (1) Wal-Mart's core shoppers are

running out of money by the end of the year, CEO Mike Duke said Wednesday./ Wal-Mart CEO said customers are
running out of the money at the end of this month ； (2) this trend, if confirmed, will knock on the effect ；/this trend
if confirmed, would c knock on the effects (3) much more worry are the signs that will make us start to feel the
strain；/Much more worrying are signs that shoppers are feeling the strain (4) but the damage caused by the
subprime of lending money is manageable in the US, James Hinding said.（记得很清楚是But开头的）/ the damages
caused by subprime of lending money is manageable
196. System/系统 #533 2017-04 本月高频

Are there any systems that can measure the Accounting system?
Well, there is accounting software describes a type of application software that records and processes accounting
transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance.
It is a system in which functions as an accounting information system.
This enables the access anywhere at any time with any device which is Internet-enabled, or maybe desktop based. It
varies greatly in its complexity and cost.
These tools identify quality customer service and create a climate of confidence, a customer service strategy that helps
meet the specific needs.
197. Peru Timber/秘鲁木材 #532 2017-04 本月高频

Sepahua, a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru's Amazon jungle, nestles in a pocket on the map where a river of the
same name flows into the Urubamba.
That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between four natural reserves, all rich in
mahogany and accessible from the town. “Boundaries are on maps,” says a local logger, “maps are only in Lima, the
capital.”
In 2001, the government egged on by WWF, a green group, tried to regulate logging in the relatively small part of the
Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed.
It abolished the previous system of annual contracts.
Instead, it auctioned 40- year concessions to areas ruled off on a map, with the right to log 5% of the area each year.
The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable extraction.
198. Volkswagen/大众汽车 #530 2017-04 本月高频

Despite posting healthy profits, VW shares trade at a discount to peers due to a bad reputation among investors, high
capital expenditure and its close links to the state of Lower Saxony, which effectively has a blocking minority.
A disastrous capital hike, an expensive foray into the trucks business and uncertainty about the reason for a share
buyback have in recent years left investors bewildered.
"The main problem with VW is the past. Many investors have been very disappointed and frightened away," said one
Paris-based fund manager.
VW shares trade at about nine times 2002 estimated earnings, compared to BMW’s19 and are the second cheapest in
the sector.
199. Religious/宗教 #407 2017-04 本月高频
My study of the history of religion has revealed that human beings are spiritual animals. Indeed, there is a case for
arguing that Homo sapiens is also Homo religious.
Men and women started to worship gods as soon as they became recognizably human they created religions at the
same time as they created works of art.
This was not simply because they wanted to propitiate powerful forces.
These early faiths expressed the wonder and mystery that seems always to have been an essential component of the
human experience of this beautiful yet terrifying world.


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RP Re-order paragraphs 段落排序

1. Visit Turkey/参观土耳其 #7232 2020-03 本月高频

If you want to visit Mars, visit Turkey.

2. Totalitarian/极权主义者 #7212 2020-03 本月高频

回忆要点：有点难。总共5句。1是介绍totalitarianism的概念；2中有such governments；3中有the government； 4/5中指

3. The speed/速度 #7108 2020-01 本月高频

4. Japanese studying English/日本小孩学英语 #7106 2020-01 本月高频

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 3 / 46

5. Travel agency/旅行社 #7102 2020-01 本月高频

回忆要点：大概是讲去旅行前提前订机票，travel agency会提供具体的信息，然后是讲到机场check in， 托运行李什么，托

6. Define gender/父母定义性别 #7059 2019-12

7. Food labels/事物标签 #7045 2019-12

8. Ants' prediction/蚂蚁预测 #7015 2019-12 本月高频

9. Blue halo/蓝光晕 #7013 2019-12

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 4 / 46

10. Ada/艾达 #7011 2019-12

回忆要点：1 句子里有人名（Ada？好像是这个） 2 大家都好奇她长大会不会像她爸爸 3 indeed，她妈妈教了她

11. German and French/德国人与法国人 #6911 2019-11

12. Integral spirituality/整体灵性 #6807 2019-09

13. History events/历史事件 #6772 2019-08 本月高频

14. Mining/挖矿 #6771 2019-08

讲挖矿的好像 aboriginal先发现了这个商机然后来了很多人 然后一部分人直接住在Underground 现在发现Underground下

15. Food diet research/饮食实验 #6770 2019-08

回忆要点：讲的是一个research 研究人们的food diet 第一句是先研究了20000个人在某年的时候，然后第二句是他们根据这

16. Native plants and animals/澳洲动植物 #6745 2019-08 本月高频

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 5 / 46

17. A challenging job/更有挑战性的工作 #6703 2019-08 本月高频

18. Art history/艺术史 #6531 2019-06

19. Answer questions in exam/如何应试 #6528 2019-06

20. IQ Test/智商测 #6502 2019-06

回忆要点：关于IQ的，我的排序是1. 科学家告诉老师，他们选出了一批高IQ的学生.2 老师以为这些学生是通过IQ test选出来

21. Numbering helps decision-making/标号促进决策 #6435 2019-05

回忆要点：numbering 第一句numbering可以帮助decision making, 第二句 for example 第三句 另一个例子 不是以for

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 6 / 46

example开头 好像是说按学生成绩划分等级 第四句 就是总结说这些例子都证明了numbering可以帮助decision making

22. First anatomy/首次解剖 #6429 2019-05

回忆要点：讲first anatomy, the anatomy, lecture, previous literature 有一个人名JosephXXX不确定，时间约19世紀，共四

23. Advertising/广告业 #6398 2019-05

回忆要点：上次考了一道题，指代挺明显的，不是原文，但是大概是这样： 1.Advertising is sponsored by identical

24. Sun energy/太阳能 #6397 2019-05

25. Personal profile/个人资料 #6394 2019-05

回忆要点：关于social media personal profile的、用FaceBook举例：a. 人们喜欢网络社交，拿fackbook 举例，你要创个

26. University competition/大学竞争 #6385 2019-05

回忆要点：1. In London，每个大学竞争很激烈，bla bla 2. previous lecture bla bla 3. 有一个人名，他第一次建立了一个

27. Unprecedented opportunity/前所未有的机遇 #6365 2019-05

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 7 / 46

Instead, you must be your own Chief Executive Officer.

28. Minority language/小语种 #6363 2019-05

回忆要点：讲受众广的语言跟小语种, 我的排序是： 1. 研究发现小语种有更复杂的结构 2. also suggests这种特征需要在small

29. Teacher's report/教师作报告 #6343 2019-04

回忆要点：1. 教师作报告时把audience看作跟自己水平相当 2. student in the same field 会对topic感兴趣 3. 不能指望

30. The glow worms/萤火虫 #6316 2019-04

31. Experiment on calves/针对小牛犊的实验 #6313 2019-04

32. Feed the world/供养全世界 #6311 2019-04

Wechat ID: pteppp https://pte.ai - 2 Jun 2020 8 / 46

回忆要点：大概是讲去旅行前提前订机票，travel agency会提供具体的信息，然后是讲到机场check in，托运行李什么，托

讲挖矿的好像 aboriginal先发现了这个商机然后来了很多人然后一部分人直接住在Underground 现在发现Underground下

回忆要点：numbering 第一句numbering可以帮助decision making, 第二句 for example 第三句另一个例子不是以for

example开头好像是说按学生成绩划分等级第四句就是总结说这些例子都证明了numbering可以帮助decision making

回忆要点：一个新题讲 Egypt death temple 的很难找不到逻辑大概在说人们生活好了之后就要思考death 什么的然后有的

回忆要点：关于海洋污染的。我排的顺序是 1. companies 往海里倒东西(记不清是这一句还是下一句有material这个词)。。

回忆要点：1. 一个叫Hudson的人 1641年离开了England 2. 他和他的朋友们还有他的儿子去外部探险（有很多人名）这句以

回忆要点：A. 环境变化已经影响到了一些seafloor的communities B. These communities balabala， more deeper more

回忆要点：考了一道新题关于美国种族文化的大概是说在18-19世纪美国主要是以白人为主第二句是来自世界各地的移民列

回忆要点：昨天考的一个RO 我感觉很难我的排序的是这样的第一句是解释什么是short－term memory（STM) refer to ......

55. Mayors V2/市长版本二 #5604 2019-01

65. Easier said than Done V2/说易行难版本二 #5342 2018-12

回忆要点：20-30 欠很多钱早年习惯不好工作了也要还很多卡债即使有student loan也要合理规划前三个主语是they 最后一

回忆要点：排的第一个是介绍一个什么类似物质？或者一种状态…（V开头，不影响排序）第二个是提出一个问题问题what