Permanent

adjustments of
theodolites

The permanent adjustments of theodolites

are made to establish fixed relationship
between the instrument's fundamental
lines. The fundamental lines or axis of a
transit theodolite include the following:-
 Vertical axis
Axis of plate levels
Axis of telescope
Line of collimation
Horizontal axis
Axis of altitude bubble and the vernier
should read zero.

These adjustments once made last for a

long time. These are important for
accuracy of observations taken from the
instrument. The permanent adjustments in
case of transit theodolite are:-
 Horizontal axis adjustment.

The horizontal axis must be perpendicular

to the vertical axis.

Vertical circle index adjustment.

The vertical circle must read zero when

the line of collimation is horizontal.

Adjustment of altitude level.

The axis of altitude level must be parallel

to the line of collimation.

Collimation adjustment.
The line of collimation or line of sight
should coincide with axis of the
telescope.[1] The line of sight should also
be perpendicular to the horizontal axis at
its intersection with the vertical axis . Also,
the optical axis, the axis of the objective
slide, and the line of sight should coincide.

Adjustment of horizontal plate levels.

The axis of plate levels must be

perpendicular to the vertical axis.[2]

See also
Temporary adjustments of theodolite
 Ranging rods
Tape (surveying)

References
1. Surveying by Dr. B.C Punmia and Dr
Ashok Kumar Jain
2. surveying volume 1 by Prof. C.L
Kochher, page no. 340 and 341.

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