Traffic Analysis Report

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Summary Standards and Details
Recommendations 3.1 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person ___ 5
3.2 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons __ 9
3.3 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17
pax - 671persons ____________ 13

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How Schindler Undertakes
Traffic Analyses
4.1 Introduction _________________ 17
4.2 Measures and Definitions ______ 17
4.3 Methods of Traffic Analysis _____ 19

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4 January 2019 8th Floor, Bangunan TH Uptown 3 This document has 19 pages.
No.3, Jalan SS 21/39, Damansara
Mohammad Nor Azim bin Abdul Jalil Uptown Created by Traffic Vision 3.0
Sales Engineer 47400 Petaling Jaya (Schindler IX Version 1.18.11.2)
Selangor
Tel.: 03-7725 1818 Malaysia Copyright INVENTIO AG, Hergiswil,
Email : Switzerland
mohamad.nor.azim.abdul.jalil@schindler.com

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Summary

Summary
37-storey JBCC hotel at Johor Bahru (721 population)

Legend

Setup Abbreviations
Traffic Situation: See Section 2 P5: Persons transported on average within 5 minutes
Floors: Floors served by elevators HC5: P5 relative to group population
Population: Population served by elevators WT: Average waiting time per passenger
Rating: See Section 2 DT: Average destination time per passenger
IS: Average number of intermediate stops per passenger
LW: Passengers waiting more than 90 seconds [%]

2 Passenger Lift 17persons 3m/s 168 persons

1 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person

Elevators: 2 Conventional, 1160 kg, 3.00 m/s

Traffic Situation Floors Population Rating P5 HC5 WT DT IS LW

Two-Way Hotel G, 7..8, 32..33 168 3.2 18 11.0 % 36.3 s 86.6 s 0.5 6.2 %

3 Passenger Lift 21persons 4m/s 503persons

2 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons

Elevators: 3 Conventional, 1430 kg, 4.00 m/s

Traffic Situation Floors Population Rating P5 HC5 WT DT IS LW

Two-Way Hotel 8..33 503 2.4 55 11.0 % 53.5 s 117.6 s 2.4 19.1 %

2 Passenger Lift 17 persons 3m/s + 3 Passenger Lift 21persons 4m/s 671persons

3 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons

Elevators: 5 Conventional, 1160..1430 kg, 3.00..4.00 m/s

Traffic Situation Floors Population Rating P5 HC5 WT DT IS LW

Two-Way Hotel 0, 7..33 671 2.3 74 11.0 % 54.2 s 128.7 s 2.4 19.8 %

Comparison between 2 lift groups (2 + 3 lifts) and 1 lift group (5 lifts) serving 671persons

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Standards and Recommendations

Standards and Recommendations

Every analysis covers a full range of traffic intensities, reporting handling capacity HC5 and average
waiting time WT as main criteria. As a general guideline, Schindler defines a rating in the range of 0.0
(worst) to 6.0 (best) based on these criteria. Recommended ratings are 3.0 or higher:

Schindler Traffic Analysis Ratings

Traffic Definition Rating ≥ 3.0 Rating ≥ 4.0 Rating ≥ 5.0

Traffic Situation Incoming Outgoing Inter-floor HC5 WT HC5 WT HC5 WT
Two-Way Hotel 50 % 50 % 0% ≥ 11 % ≤ 40 s ≥ 13 % ≤ 30 s ≥ 15 % ≤ 20 s

Ratings are also displayed by a corresponding number of stars and may be interpreted on a global basis
as follows:

Rating Stars Hotel

≥ 3.0 Up to approx. 3-star hotels
≥ 4.0 Up to approx. 4-star hotels
≥ 5.0 Up to approx. 5-star hotels

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Details
2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person
Building and Population

Details
3.1 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person
3.1.1 Building and Population

Number of Floors: 34
Building Population: 168

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Details
2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person
Elevators

3.1.2 Elevators

Control: Conventional

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Details
2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person
Two-Way Hotel

3.1.3 Two-Way Hotel

3.1.3.1 Traffic Definition

Population served by elevators: 168

Passenger Flows

Floor Description Incoming 50 % Outgoing 50 %

33 MeetingRoom 40.5 % 40.5 %
32 Swimming Pool 23.8 % 23.8 %
31 Hotel
30 Hotel
29 Hotel
28 Hotel
27 Hotel
26 Hotel
25 Hotel
24 Hotel
23 Hotel
22 Hotel
21 Hotel
20 Hotel
19 Hotel
18 Hotel
17 Hotel
16 Hotel
15 Hotel
14 Hotel
13 Hotel
12 Hotel
11 Facilities
10 MeetingRoom
9 MeetingRoom
8 Sky Lobby 29.8 % 29.8 %
7 Parking 6.0 % 6.0 %
6 Parking
5 Bypass
4 Bypass
3 Bypass
2 Bypass
1 Bypass
G Lobby 100.0 % 100.0 %

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Details
2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 168person
Two-Way Hotel

3.1.3.2 Performance

Average Waiting Time (WT) Average Destination Time (DT)

Average Number of Intermediate Stops per Passenger (IS) Long Waits (LW)

HC5 [%] 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 32.9
P5 5.0 10.1 15.1 20.2 25.2 30.2 35.3 40.3 45.4 50.4 55.3
WT [s] 17.9 26.5 33.1 37.7 41.0 42.8 44.7 47.7 50.1 52.5 55.7
DT [s] 61.0 71.9 81.3 88.9 94.9 99.2 103.6 109.2 113.8 118.4 123.4
IS 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1
LW [%] 0.8 2.3 4.4 7.1 9.7 11.2 13.1 16.2 18.5 20.5 23.1

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons
Building and Population

3.2 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons

3.2.1 Building and Population

Number of Floors: 34
Building Population: 503

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons
Elevators

3.2.2 Elevators

Control: Conventional

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons
Two-Way Hotel

3.2.3 Two-Way Hotel

3.2.3.1 Traffic Definition

Population served by elevators: 503

Passenger Flows

Floor Description Incoming 50 % Outgoing 50 %

33 Restaurant 13.5 % 13.5 %
32 Swimming Pool 4.0 % 4.0 %
31 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
30 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
29 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
28 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
27 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
26 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
25 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
24 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
23 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
22 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
21 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
20 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
19 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
18 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
17 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
16 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
15 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
14 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
13 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
12 Hotel 3.4 % 3.4 %
11 Facilities 3.0 % 3.0 %
10 MeetingRoom 5.0 % 5.0 %
9 MeetingRoom 7.0 % 7.0 %
8 Lobby 100.0 % 100.0 %
7 Parking
6 Parking
5 Parking
4 Parking
3 Parking
2 Parking
1 Parking
0 Parking

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax - 503persons
Two-Way Hotel

3.2.3.2 Performance

Average Waiting Time (WT) Average Destination Time (DT)

Average Number of Intermediate Stops per Passenger (IS) Long Waits (LW)

HC5 [%] 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.5
P5 5.0 10.1 15.1 20.1 25.2 30.2 35.2 40.2 45.3 50.3 55.3 60.4 62.8
WT [s] 6.2 8.7 11.8 15.6 19.6 23.9 28.7 32.6 38.4 45.1 53.5 64.0 69.5
DT [s] 32.3 35.6 40.1 46.2 52.9 60.8 70.2 79.1 90.6 103.1 117.6 134.2 142.6
IS 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.9
LW [%] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.8 3.5 5.5 8.7 13.2 19.1 26.7 30.8

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons
Building and Population

3.3 3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons

3.3.1 Building and Population

Number of Floors: 34
Building Population: 671

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons
Elevators

3.3.2 Elevators

Control: Conventional

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons
Two-Way Hotel

3.3.3 Two-Way Hotel

3.3.3.1 Traffic Definition

Population served by elevators: 671

Passenger Flows

Floor Description Incoming 50 % Outgoing 50 %

33 Restaurant 13.4 % 13.4 %
32 Swimming Pool 6.9 % 6.9 %
31 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
30 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
29 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
28 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
27 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
26 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
25 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
24 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
23 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
22 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
21 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
20 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
19 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
18 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
17 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
16 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
15 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
14 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
13 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
12 Hotel 2.8 % 2.8 %
11 Facilities 2.2 % 2.2 %
10 MeetingRoom 2.2 % 2.2 %
9 MeetingRoom 8.2 % 8.2 %
8 Sky Entrance 3.0 % 3.0 %
7 Parking 7.5 % 7.5 %
6 Parking
5 Parking
4 Parking
3 Parking
2 Parking
1 Parking
0 Lobby 100.0 % 100.0 %

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Details
3 PL 4m/s 21 pax + 2 PL 3m/s 17 pax - 671persons
Two-Way Hotel

3.3.3.2 Performance

Average Waiting Time (WT) Average Destination Time (DT)

Average Number of Intermediate Stops per Passenger (IS) Long Waits (LW)

HC5 [%] 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.9
P5 6.7 13.4 20.1 26.8 33.6 40.3 47.0 53.7 60.4 67.1 73.8 80.5 86.6
WT [s] 9.1 12.2 16.1 20.3 24.7 28.9 33.0 37.2 42.0 47.9 54.2 60.7 68.4
DT [s] 45.0 49.2 54.6 61.1 68.6 77.1 85.9 94.9 104.9 116.4 128.7 140.5 152.3
IS 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.9
LW [%] 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.8 3.2 5.4 8.1 11.3 15.3 19.8 24.4 29.4

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How Schindler Undertakes Traffic Analyses

Introduction

How Schindler Undertakes Traffic Analyses

4.1 Introduction
A traffic analysis studies the performance of a group of elevators, based on assumptions about the
expected traffic situation. The main performance measurements are handling capacity and waiting time.
Reliable and comparable performance results are found by means of benchmark simulations which reflect
the expected real behavior of a group of elevators under a wide range of traffic situations.

4.2 Measures and Definitions

The elevators' main task is to manage the traffic, i.e., the transportation needs of passengers and goods, in
such a way that the highest possible density of arriving passengers and goods can be transported in the
building at the highest possible perceived service quality.

4.2.1 Handling Capacity (P5, HC5)

For a specific elevator group, the handling capacity is the amount of passengers transported in an
observed time period. Handling capacity is measured by P5 and HC5:

P5 is the number of persons that is transported on average within 5 minutes.

HC5 is the percentage of the population on the floors served by the elevator group that is
transported on average within 5 minutes:
HC5 = P5 / (population on floors served by elevator group).

Example: Consider an elevator group which serves floors with a population of 1000 people. By
observation, there are 600 passengers transported within 30 minutes, therefore:

P5 = 600 persons * (5 minutes / 30 minutes) = 100 persons,

HC5 = 100 persons / 1000 persons = 10.0 %.

The P5 and HC5 are also measures for the traffic intensity, i.e. the transportation demand. The traffic
intensity and the handling capacity are the same as long as the demand is not too high for the elevators.

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How Schindler Undertakes Traffic Analyses

Measures and Definitions
Waiting Time (WT) and Destination Time (DT)

4.2.2 Waiting Time (WT) and Destination Time (DT)

Waiting time and destination time for an individual passenger are defined as follows:

waiting time: time from when the passenger registers a landing call (or joins a queue) until the door
of the serving elevator begins to open on the boarding floor (zero if the door is not closed when the
passenger arrives)
destination time: time from when the passenger registers a landing call (or joins a queue) until the
door of the serving elevator begins to open on the destination floor

Call registration Door starts to open at Car is leaving the board Door starts to open at
board floor floor destination floor

Waiting Time Board Time Travel Time

Destination Time

For a number of served passengers in an observed period of time, the average waiting time WT and the
average destination time DT are defined in the usual way as mean values of the passengers' individual
waiting time and destination time, respectively.

4.2.3 Number of Intermediate Stops (IS)

The number of intermediate stops for an individual passenger is the number of times an elevator stops with
the passenger between boarding floor and destination floor. For example, for a passenger with a direct
(non-stop) trip from boarding floor to destination floor the number of intermediate stops is zero.

For a number of served passengers in an observed period of time, the average number of intermediate
stops IS is defined in the usual way as mean value of the passengers' individual number of intermediate
stops.

4.2.4 Long Waits (LW)

We define the amount of long waits LW as the percentage of passengers with a waiting time longer than
90 seconds.

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How Schindler Undertakes Traffic Analyses

Methods of Traffic Analysis
Simulation vs. calculation methods

4.3 Methods of Traffic Analysis

A traffic analysis should cover a variety of important traffic situations, especially when planning new
buildings. Reported values should be as reliable and comparable as possible. However, performance
values depend on the methods of the traffic analysis and the basic traffic assumptions.

4.3.1 Simulation vs. calculation methods

In simulation methods, a real passenger flow is being replaced by a virtual one, which was created with
the help of a random generator and loaded into the same control algorithm as used in a real elevator
controller. Thus the results can be measured under different traffic conditions and reflect the expected
reality to a very large extent.

In contrast, calculation methods are based on formulas which only cover a very limited range of traffic
situations (usually, only up-peak traffic). The formulas reflect theoretical assumptions rather than a realistic
behavior of elevator groups, and results are usually too optimistic. Therefore, calculation results should not
be compared with simulation results.

Schindler Traffic Analysis Reports are based on simulations in order that the reported results are the most
reliable and realistic achievable. Schindler simulations keep the traffic intensity constant over an extended
period of time. Simulations are used for the report only if the handling capacity is big enough for the traffic
intensity, i.e., no waiting queues are building up.

4.3.2 Wide Range of Traffic Assumptions

The traffic flow in a building keeps changing all the time; no two days are the same. As a rule, traffic
depends on many factors (such as location of building, tenant structure, etc.) and may vary considerably
during operation of the building. A traffic analysis should take such factors into consideration and try as far
as possible to cover future traffic situations.

In a complex building, a single traffic assumption is not sufficient. E.g., it is not sufficient to apply a traffic
pattern measured in some other existing building for the design of a new building. In particular, the limits of
the handling capacity of the elevators cannot be found by such "spot light" examinations.

Predictions about the range of handling capacity of an elevator group can only be made by actually
simulating a wide range of traffic situations. A benchmark method applies a reference traffic situation from
low to very high traffic intensity; by this, the limits of the elevators' handling capacity can be detected.
Schindler uses a benchmark method which gives a neutral system assessment.

Schindler Traffic Analysis Reports are based on different traffic situations (see Section 2) tested by
benchmark methods. This ensures that the traffic analysis covers a full range of applications and reports
reliable and comparable performance predictions.

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