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3.electromagnetic Theory NET-JRF
3.electromagnetic Theory NET-JRF
3.electromagnetic Theory NET-JRF
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q1. The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density ρ is
zero is given by V x, y 4e 2 x f x 3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric
(a) 3x 2 4e 2 x 8 x (b) 3x 2 4e 2 x 16 x
(c) 4e 2 x 8 (d) 3x 2 4e 2 x
Ans. : (d)
Solution: V 4e 2 x f x 3 y 2 . Since 0 2V 0 16e 2 x f x 6 0 .
Since E x 0 at origin E V E x 8e 2 x f x
E x 0, 0 8 f 0 0 f 0 8 .
Since V 0, 0 0 4 f 0 0 f 0 4
f 0 8 c1 8 c1 0 .
Again Integrate f x 6 x 8e 2 x f x 3 x 2 4e 2 x c 2
since f 0 4 c2 4 c2 0 . Thus f x 3x 2 4e 2 x
Q2. For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E E 0 and B B0 , it is possible to
choose a gauge such that the scalar potential and vector potential A are given by
1 1
(a) 0 and A B0 r
2
(b) E 0 r and A B0 r
2
(c) E0 r and A 0 (d) 0 and A E 0 t
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let E E 0 xˆ yˆ zˆ and B B0 xˆ yˆ zˆ since they are constant vector.
Lorentz Gauge condition is A 0 0
t
since B r B0 z y xˆ B0 z x yˆ B0 y x zˆ
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(a) 0 and A 0 (b) 0, and A 0
t t
(c) 0 and A 0 (d) 0 and A 0
t t
Q3. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is
given by
E x, y, z, t E0 xˆ Azˆ exp ik0 ct x 3 z ,
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0 , A and k0 are constant and x̂ and ẑ are
unit vectors along the x - and z -axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium r
and the constant A are
1 1
(a) r 4 and A (b) r 4 and A
3 3
k0c c
Since v Refractive index n r 2 r 4.
k k 02 3k 02 2
Since k nˆ 0 k 0 xˆ 3 zˆ xˆ Azˆ 0 k 0 1 A 3 0 A 1
3
A Kr
Q4. A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by r e where A
r
and K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge
distribution varies with r as
(a) re Kr (b)
1 Kr
r
e (c)
1 Kr
r2
e (d)
1
r
1 e Kr
Ans. : (b)
Solution: since 2V / 0
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A 1 2 V
2V must be proportional to e kr , where 2V 2 r .
r r r r
Q5. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a b as
shown in the figure is given by H z H 0 cos 0.3 x cos 0.4 y , where x and y are in
x
cm.
a
z
b
y
m n
0.3 where m 1 and 0.4 where n 1
a b
a 3.33cm, b 2.50cm
B. The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is
(a) 6.0 GHz f 12.0 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz f 9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz f 12.0 GHz (d) 7.5GHz f
Ans. : (d)
2 2
c m n c 1 1
Solution: f m , n f1,1 2 7.5 GH z .
2 a b 2 a 2
b
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2011)
Q6. Consider three polarizer’s P1 , P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.
P1 P2 P3
(unpolarized)
I0
The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2
I0 I0 I0
(a) 0 (b) (c) sin 2 2 (d) sin 2 2
2 8 4
Ans. : (c)
Solution: I I 0 cos 2 (Malus Law)
I0 I0 I0 I
I1 , I2 cos 2 , I3 cos 2 cos 2 90 0 sin 2 2 .
2 2 2 8
Q7. Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Inside the square, there is only one point where field vanishes.
Q8. A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E 1 e r / R rˆ ,
r2
where and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R ,
centred at the origin is
e e2 R R2
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 4 0 (d) 0
R2 R2 e e
Ans. : None of the options given are correct
2
Solution: Qenc 0 E da 0 1 e r / R 2 r 2 sin ddrˆ 0 1 e r / R sin dd
rˆ
r 0 0
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1
at r R , Qenc 4 0 1 . So none of the options given are correct.
e
Q9. In a Young’s double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2 L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for
the central fringe to be dark is
D D
(a) (b)
1 D 2 L2 1L
(c) (d)
1 2 1
Ans. : (d)
n
Solution: For central fringe to be dark, 1d d
2 2 1
Q10. Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I I 0 sin t (where R / c 1 ) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
1
(a) 0 (b) 0 nI 0 R 2 cos t
2r
1 1
(c) 0 nI 0 r sin t (d) 0 nI 0 r cos t
2 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: E d l
B
t d a ; B
0 nI t zˆ .
dI
r
2r 2
dt r 0
E 2r 0 n 2r d r 0 n I 0 cos t
2
1
E 0 nI 0 r cos t
2
Q11. A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at
t 0 . The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given
by A
kˆ 0 I 1
2
ln ct c 2 t 2 r 2
r
. The electric field at a distance r ct is
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I 1 ˆ ˆ
(a) 0 (b) 0
2 t 2
ij
c 0 I c 0 I
(c)
1 ˆ ˆ
i j (d) kˆ
2 c t r
2 2 2
2 2 c t r
2 2 2
Ans. : (d)
A A I r 1 2c 2 t
c .
Solution: E
t
t
E 0
2 ct c 2 t 2 r 2 r
2 c 2t 2 r 2
c 0 I
E kˆ
2 c t r
2 2 2
NET/JRF -(JUNE-2012)
1 10
Q12. The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A F r 3 r , where F is
2 r
a constant vector, is
30 30
(a) F (b) F (c) F 4 r (d) F 4 r
r r
Ans. : (a)
1
r
Solution: B A F r 10 3 . Since F is a constant vector, let
2 r
xˆ yˆ zˆ
F F0 xˆ yˆ zˆ , F r F0 F0 F0 xˆ z y F0 yˆ z x F0 zˆ y x F0
x y z
xˆ yˆ zˆ
F r
x
y
z
xˆF0 F0 yˆ F0 F0 zˆF0 F0 2 F0 xˆ yˆ zˆ
z y F0 x z F0
y x F0
r
1
F r F0 xˆ yˆ zˆ F , 3 0 . Thus B F
2 r
Q13. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the
perpendicular component of the electric field, E , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
(a) does not change (b) changes by 3 / 2
(c) changes by / 2 (d) changes by
Ans. : (d)
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Q14. The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I
is proportional to
(a) IR (b) I / R 2 (c) I 2 / R 2 (d) I / R
Ans. : (d)
Q15. Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) E B (b) E B (c) E B (d) E B
Ans. : (b)
Q16. Charges Q, Q and 2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of
sides of length a , as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of
charges, irrespective of the choice of origin, is - 2Q
ĵ C
(a) 2aQ iˆ a
a
(b) 3aQ ˆj
A B
Q a Q
(c) 3aQ ˆj
(d) 0 iˆ
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then
a 3a ˆ
p qi ri Q liˆ mˆj Q l a iˆ mˆj 2Q l iˆ m j
2
2
p Q liˆ mˆj Q l a iˆ mˆj Q 2l a iˆ 2m 3a ˆj p 3aQˆj
mr
Q17. The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A .
r3
If m is directed along the positive z -axis, the x - component of the magnetic field, at the
point r , is
3myz 3mxy 3mxz 3mz 2 xy
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r5 r5 r5 r5
Ans. : (c)
Solution: m mzˆ and
m
B A 3 2 cos rˆ sin ˆ 3 3m rˆ rˆ m
r r
1
1
xxˆ yyˆ zzˆ r 3mxz
B 3 3mzˆ mzˆ Bx 5
r r r r
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2012)
Q18. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure below. The two charges Q subtend an angle 900 at the centre Q Q
of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to
the charges Q . If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero,
what is the magnitude of Q ?
q
(a) q / 2 (b) 2q (c) 2q (d) 4q
Ans. : (a)
1 Q 1 q
Solution: E1 E 2 and E3
4 0 R 2
4 0 R 2
q
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E E12 E 22 2E1 , Thus E3 E Q
2
Q19. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b . The volume
k
charge density is r ( k is constant) in the region a r b . The magnitude of the
r2
electric field produced at distance r a is
k b a
(a) for all r a ,
0r 2
k b a kb
(b) for a r b and for r b
0r 2
0r 2
k r a k b a
(c) for a r b and for r b
0r 2
0r 2
k r a k b a
(d) for a r b and for r b
0a 2
0r 2
Ans. : (c)
1 1 1 k
Solution: For r a : E.da E (4 r 2 ) Qenc dV 2 r sin drd d
2
0 0 0 r
4 k r 4 k k ra
E (4 r 2 ) a dr (r a) E rˆ
0 0 0 r 2
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4 k b 4 k k ba
For r b : E 4 r 2 a dr (b a) E rˆ
0 0 0 r 2
Q20. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
vectors are given by E1 iˆE 0 cos t and E 2 ˆjE 0 cos t where is the phase
0
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by E 2 , where E 2 is the
2
time average of E 2 . The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b) 0 E 02 (c) 0 E 02 sin 2 (d) 0 E 02 cos 2
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Q21. Four charges (two q and two q ) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side
q q
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.
Q22. A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite
conducting sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge
remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0 (b) q / mg 0
Ans. : (a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that
1q2 q
can be calculate from method of images i.e. mg d
4 0 2d 2
4 mg 0
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Q23. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z -direction carries a steady
current I .
ẑ
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
R
(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid
1
(c) varies as inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
1
(d) varies as R inside and as outside the solenoid
R
Ans. : (d)
Q24. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy -plane with a time dependent current
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NET/JRF -(JUNE-2013)
Q26. A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is
R R
e, m
2d 2d
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: Let charge per unit length be , hence I u in z -direction.
0 I ˆ
The magnetic field at a distance r is B .
2r
I
The electric field at a distance r is E rˆ rˆ .
2 0 r 2 0 ur
EB I2
Hence Poynting vector S zˆ
0 4 2 0 ur 2
Q28. If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
suitable units) according to A A r̂ , where r r t r̂ , then the scalar potential must
simultaneously change to
(a) r (b) r (c) r / t (d) r / t
Ans. : (c)
Solution: A A A rˆ / r 1 r C
V V / t V r / t
Q29. Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r
0 0 e r / r0 cos 2
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04 (b) 0 r04 (c) 0 r04 (d) 0 r04 / 2
Ans. : (a)
2
r
Solution: p r r d r 0 0 e r / r0 cos 2 r 2 sin dr dd
V r
2
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Ans. : (c)
Solution: A , Ax , Ay , Az kxyz, Ax kyzt , Ay kzxt , Az kxyt
A
Since k yzxˆ xzyˆ xyzˆ and k yzxˆ xzyˆ xyzˆ
t
A
E k yzxˆ xzyˆ xyzˆ k yzxˆ xzyˆ xyzˆ 0 E 0,0,0
t
Q31. An oscillating current I t I 0 exp it flows in the direction of the y -axis through a
thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm 2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated
per unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is
Ans. : (d)
NET/JRF -(DEC-2013)
Q32. A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The current that flows through the resistor is
B
A B
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Q34. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by
E E 0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t kˆ .
The associated magnetic field B is
(a) 10 3 E 0 cos 0.3 x 0.4 y 1000t kˆ
(b) 10 4 E 0 cos 0.3 x 0.4 y 1000t 4iˆ 3 ˆj
(c) E cos 0.3 x 0.4 y 1000t 0.3iˆ 0.4 ˆj
0
Ans. : (b)
Solution: k 0.3xˆ 0.4 yˆ , 1000
kE
0.3 xˆ 0.4 yˆ E 0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t kˆ
1
B
B 10 4 E 0 cos 0.3x 0.4 y 1000t 4iˆ 3 ˆj
Q35. A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly
placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is
q
(a)
q2
8d 2
2 2 1 away from the corner
d
d
(b)
q2
8d 2
2 2 1 towards the corner
q2
(c) towards the corner
2 2d 2
3q 2 F3
(d) away from the corner d d
8d 2 q q
Ans. : (b) F1
F2 d
q2 q2
Solution: F 1 F 2 k and F 3 k
4d 2 8d 2 d
q 2 q q
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12 F12 F22 2 2k . 2d
8d 2
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q
2
Net force F k 2 2 2 1 (towards the corner)
8d
Q36. If the electrostatic potential V r , , in a charge free region has the form
V r , , f r cos , then the functional form of f r (in the following a and b are
constants) is:
b b b r
(a) ar 2 (b) ar (c) ar (d) a ln
r r2 r b
Ans. : (b)
1 V 1 V 1 2V
Solution: V 2 r 2 2 sin 2 2 2 0
2
r r r r sin r sin
1 2 f 1
r cos 2 sin f sin 0
r r r r sin
2
cos 2 2 f f f
r 2 2r 2 2sin cos 0
r2 r r r sin
2 f f
r2 2r 2 f r 0
r
2
r
b
f r ar satisfy the above equation.
r2
Q37. Let four point charges q, q / 2, q and q / 2 be placed at the vertices of a square of
side a . Let another point charge q be placed at the centre of the square (see the figure).
q/2 q
q
q q/2
Let V r be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance r a from the centre
of the square. Then V 2r / V r is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
Ans. : (d)
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q q
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono q q q 0
2 2
q q q q q q q qq q
p q xˆ yˆ xˆ yˆ 0 q xˆ yˆ xˆ yˆ 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2
1 V 2r 1
Thus, V .
r 3
V r 8
Q38.
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and is a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwell’s equations) unchanged?
(a) A A and V V (b) A A and V V 2
t t
(c) A A and V V (d) A A and V V
t t
Ans. : (a)
JRF/NET–(JUNE-2014)
Q39. A time-dependent current I t Ktzˆ (where K is a constant) is switched on at t 0 in
an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t a / c ) by
0 K c t a K
2 2 2
ct
ct a 2 z 2 t
4 c c t a dz a
(a) zˆ dz (b) zˆ 0
2 2 a 2 z 2 1 / 2
2
4 ct
2
z2 1/ 2
c 2t 2 a 2
K ct ct a 2 z 2 K t
(c) zˆ 0 dz (d) zˆ 0 dz
4 c ct a 2 z 2 1 / 2 4 c 2t 2 a 2 a 2
z2
1/ 2
Ans. : (a)
I tr 0
K t R / c I
Solution: A zˆ 0
4
R
dz zˆ
4
R
dz
dz
z R
0 K c t a
2 2 2
ct a 2 z 2
4 c c2t 2 a2
A zˆ dz
P
1/2
a2 z2 a
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Q40. A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p t as a
1 2 3 t
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
is t is t
(a) (b)
1 2 3 t
1 2 3 t
is t is t
(c) (d)
1 2 3t
1 2 3t
Ans. : (c)
di p
Solution: is
dt
Q41. If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
r 0 e r / r
0
where 0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r r0 will be
0 0 e 0 0 0 0 2e 0 0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
er 0
2
2r02 er 0
2
r02
Ans. : (a)
Solution: 2 0 2
0
1 2 1 2 0 r / r0 1 0 2 r / r0
2 2 r 2 r e
r r r r r r0
2
r r r
r e
0
1 0 2 1 r / r0 1 2
2 r e 2re r / r0 0 e r / r0 e r / r0
r r0
2
r0 r0 r0 r
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1 2
At a distance r r0 , 2 0 e 1 e 1 20 0 20 02 0
r0 r0 r0 r0 e r0 e r0 e
Q42. If A yziˆ zxˆj xykˆ and C is the circle of unit radius in the plane defined by z 1 ,
with the centre on the z - axis, then the value of the integral A d is
C
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 4
Ans. : (d)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
Solution: A iˆ x x ˆj y y kˆ z z 0
x y z
yz zx xy
Since A d A d a 0
C
S
Q43. Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric
media of dielectric constants 1 and 2 . Assuming 2 1 and no charges on the surface,
the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media satisfy the
following inequalities
(a) E 2 E1 and D2 D1 (b) E 2 E1 and D2 D1
(c) E 2 E1 and D2 D1 (d) E 2 E1 and D2 D1
Ans. : (c)
Q44. A charge e is placed in vacuum at the point d ,0,0 , where d 0 . The region x 0
d
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point ,0,0 is
2
10e 10e
(a) 1, 0, 0 (b) 1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
e e
(c) 1, 0, 0 (d) 1, 0, 0
0 d 2 0 d 2
Ans. : (b)
Solution: E
d
E
2 P
x
e d 0 d e
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1 e 1 4e 1 e 1 4e
E and E
4 0 3d / 2 2
4 0 9d 2
4 0 d / 2 2
4 0 d 2
(a) Ax , Ay , Az
y x
, ,0
2 x y 2 x y
2 2 2 2
(b) Ax , Ay , Az
y x
, ,0
2 x y z 2 x y z
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y x y
(c) Ax , Ay , Az , ,0
2 x y 2 x y
2 2 2 2
(d) Ax , Ay , Az
x y
, ,0
2 x y 2 x y
2 2 2 2
Ans. : (a)
Solution: B A 0
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Q47. An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency 10 7 rad/s
the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident
I0 1 1
where 100, 106 4 107 107 103
I 2 2 2
1
z ln 100 2.30 mm
2 103
Q48. A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero
potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6 (b) d / 3 (c) d / 4 (d) d / 5
Ans. : (d) x
d x
2
1 q d x2
A2
q 2
Solution: F ma m 2 2 where A . P q
dt 2
4 0 4d 2
dt x 16 m 0
d
dv A dv A dx 1 d 2 d A
dt
2 v
x dt
2
x dt
2 dt
v
dt x
0
v2 A A 1 1 d
C at x d , v 0 C v 2 A .
2 x d x d q
1 1 2A 1 1 d
Thus u 2 A then 2u 2 A x
d /2 d d x d 5
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NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q49. A charged particle moves in a helical path under the influence of a constant
magnetic field. The initial velocity is such that the component along the
magnetic field is twice the component in the plane normal to the magnetic l
field.
The ratio / R of the pitch to the radius R of the helical path is 2R
(a) / 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d)
Ans. : (b)
Solution: v 2v
2 R 2 R l
Pitch of the helix l vT v 2v 4 R 4
v v R
Q50. A parallel beam of light of wavelength is incident normally on a thin polymer film
with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n 1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a) / 4n (b) / 2n (c) 3 / 4n (d) / n
Ans. : (c)
Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos 2m 1
2
For normal incidence 0 and second order m 1
3
2nd cos 0 2 1 1 d
2 4n
Q51. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by
ar
r 0 1
R
where r is the radial coordinate and 0 , a and R are positive constants. If the
magnitude of the electric field at r R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 4
Ans. : (b)
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r
1 1 ar
Solution: E .d a Qenc E 4 r 2 0 1 4 r 2 dr
S
0 0 0 R
40 2 ar 3 4 0 r 3 ar 4 0 r ar 2
r
0 0
E 4 r 2
r dr E
R 0 3 4R 0 3 4R
0 R / 2 aR 2 / 4 0 R aR 2
Er R / 2 1.25 Er R 1.25
0 3 4R 0 3 4R
1 a 5 1 a 1 a 5 5a 5a a 5 1
6 16 4 3 4 6 16 12 16 16 16 12 6
4a 5 2 a 3
a 1
16 12 4 12
Q52. The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges
is sketched here. At large distance r , the leading asymptotic
behaviour of the electrostatic potential is proportional to
(a) r (b) r 1
(c) r 2 (d) r 3
Ans. : (d)
1
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V .
r3
Q53. A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially
reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface such
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 2 / 5 (d) 1 / 5
Ans. : (a)
E0 I E0 R E 2
Solution: 5 E0 I E0 R 5 E0 I E0 R 6 E0 R 4 E0 I 0 R
E0 I E0 R E0 I 3
2
I E 4
R 0R
I I E0 I 9
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Q54. A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and
acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I (b) 8 I (c) 4 I (d) 2 I
Ans. : (a)
q 2 a 2 sin 2 I 2 q22 a22 I 2 4e 2 4a 2
Solution: I 16 I 2 16 I
r2 I1 q12 a12 I e2 a 2
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)
Q55. A Plane electromagnetic wave is travelling along the positive z -direction. The maximum
electric field along the x - direction is 10 V / m . The approximate maximum values of the
power per unit area and the magnetic induction B , respectively, are
(a) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(b) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla
(c) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
Q56.
Which of the following transformations V , A V ', A ' of the electrostatic potential
V and the vector potential A is a gauge transformation?
(a) V V ax, A A at kˆ
(b) V V ax, A A at kˆ
(c) V V ax, A A at iˆ
(d) V V ax, A A at iˆ
Ans. (d)
Solution: V V ax axt c
t t
atiˆ 0 . Thus, A A atxˆ
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Q57. Suppose the yz -plane forms a chargeless boundary between two media of permittivities
left and right where left :right 1: 2 , if the uniform electric field on the left is
Eleft c iˆ ˆj kˆ (where c is a constant), then the electric field on the right Eright is
(a) c 2iˆ ˆj kˆ
(b) c iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ
1 1 1
(c) c iˆ ˆj kˆ (d) c iˆ ˆj kˆ
2 2 2
Ans. (c) y
1 2
Solution: E1 c ˆj kˆ E2
1
D1 D2 1 E1 2 E2 E21 E1
2 x
1 ˆ 1
E2 ci E2 c iˆ ˆj kˆ
2 2 z
Q58. A proton moves with a speed of 300 m / s in a circular orbit in the xy -plan in a magnetic
field 1 tesla along the positive z - direction. When an electric field of 1 V / m is applied
along the positive y -direction, the center of the circular orbit
(a) remains stationary
(b) moves at 1 m / s along the negative x direction
(c) moves at 1 m / s along the positive z direction
(d) moves at 1 m / s along the positive x direction
z
Ans. (d)
Solution: Change particle will deflect in x -direction with B
E 1 y
v 1 m/ s .
B 1 E
x
Q59. Consider a rectangular wave guide with transverse dimensions 2 m 1 m driven with an
angular frequency 109 rad / s . Which transverse electric TE modes will propagate
(c) TE01 , TE10 and TE11 (d) TE01 , TE10 and TE22
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Ans. (a)
m2 n2
Solution: mn C
a 2 b2
c 3 108 3.14
10 4.71 108 rod / sec
a 2
c 3 108 3.14
01 9.42 108 rod / sec
b 1
1 1
11 c 2 10.53 108 rod / sec
a b
2
2c
20 9.72 108 rod / sec
a
4 4
22 c 2 10.5 108 rod / sec
a b
2
Q60. The electric and magnetic fields in the charge free region z 0 are given by
E r , t E0 e k1z cos k2 x t ˆj
E
B r , t 0 e k1z k1 sin k2 x t iˆ k2 cos k2 x t kˆ
where , k1 and k2 are positive constants. The average energy flow in the x -direction is
E02 k2 2 k1z E02 k2 E02 k1 2 k1z 1
(a) e (b) e 2 k1z (c) e (d) c 0 E02 e 2 k1 z
20 0 20 2
Ans. (a)
1 E 2 e 2 k1 z
Solution: S
0
EB 0
0 1
k cos sin kˆ k2 cos 2 iˆ , where k2 x t
k E 2 e 2 k1 z E02 k2 2 k1 z
S 2 0 e
2 0 20
Q61. A uniform magnetic field in the positive z -direction passes through a circular wire loop
of radius 1 cm and resistance 1 lying in the xy -plane. The field strength is reduced
from 10 tesla to 9 tesla in 1s . The charge transferred across any point in the wire is
approximately
(a) 3.1104 coulomb (b) 3.4 104 coulomb
(c) 4.2 104 coulomb (d) 5.2 104 coulomb
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Ans. (a)
d dq 1 d A r 2
Solution: I dq dB dB
dt dt R R dt R R
2
3.14 102
dq 1 3.14 104 coulomb
1
Q62. A rod of length L carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly. If this is observed in a
frame moving with a speed v along the rod, the charge per unit length (as measured by
the moving observer) is
Q v2 Q v2 Q Q
(a) 1 2 (b) 1 2 (c) (d)
L c L c v2 v2
L 1 L 1 2
c2 c
Ans. : (c)
0 Q
Solution:
v2
v2
1 L 1
c2 c2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q63. A hollow metallic sphere of radius a , which is kept at a potential V0 has a charge Q at its
centre. The potential at a point outside the sphere, at a distance r from the centre, is
Q Va Q V a2 V0 a
(a) V0 (b) 0 (c) 02 (d)
4 0 r r 4 0 r r r
Ans. : (d)
Q
Solution: Let charge on conductor is Q , then V0
4 0 a
Q Va
Now V V 0
4 0 r r
Q64. Consider a charge Q at the origin of 3 - dimensional coordinate system. The
flux of the electric field through the curved surface of a cone that has a height
h
h and a circular base of radius R (as shown in the figure) is
R Q
Q Q hQ QR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 2 0 R 0 2h 0
Ans. : (b)
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Q65. Given a uniform magnetic field B B0 kˆ (where B0 is a constant), a possible choice for
the magnetic vector potential A is
plane interface formed with another medium of dielectric constant 2 3 1 . The two
media have identical magnetic permeability. If the angle of incidence is 600 , then the
reflected light
(a) is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
(b) is plane polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
(c) is circularly polarized
(d) has the same polarization as the incident light
Ans. : (a)
n I
Solution: B tan 1 2
1
n1
2
2
B tan 1
tan
1
3
1
B 600 (hence reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to plane of incidence))
Q67. A small magnetic needle is kept at 0, 0 with its moment along the x -axis. Another
small magnetic needle is at the point 1,1 and is free to rotate in the xy - plane. In
following is true? (Assume that 1 ).
0
(a) There is negligible absorption of the wave
(b) The wave propagation is highly dispersive
(c) There is strong absorption of the electromagnetic wave
(d) The group velocity and the phase velocity will have opposite sign
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Ans. : (a)
Solution: When 0 , there is negligible absorption of the wave.
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q70. Four equal charges of Q , each are kept at the vertices of a square of side R . A particle
of mass m and charge Q is placed in the plane of the square at a short distance
a R from the centre. If the motion of the particle is confined to the plane, it will
Q2 Q2
(a) (b)
2 0 R 3 m 0 R 3m
2Q 2 Q2
(c) (d)
0 R 3 m 4 0 R 3m
Ans. : (c)
kQ Q Q
Solution: E1 E2
R R2
2
E2 E1 y
a
2 4
a x
Resultant field E12, y 2 E1 cos
R /2
2kQ R 2kQ R
E12, y a a Q R /2 Q
2 2
3 3
R R2
2 2 R2 2
a
2 4 2
4 2kQ R
E12, y a
R 3
2
Q R /2 Q
kQ R
Similarly; E3 E4 2 a
R R
2 2
a
2 4 E3 a E4
2kQ R
Resultant E34, y 2 E3 cos a
2
3
R R
2 2 2
a Q Q
2 4
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4 2kQ R
E34, y a
R 3
2
4 2kQ R R 8 2kQ
Resultant E a a a
R 3
2 2 R3
8 2 1 2 2Q
E Qa E a
R 3
4 0 0 R 3
2 2Q 2 2 2Q 2
F QE a
0 R 3 0 mR 3
Q71. Two parallel plate capacitors, separated by distances x and 1.1x respectively, have a
dielectric material of dielectric constant 3.0 inserted between the plates and are
connected to a battery of voltage V . The difference in charge on the second capacitor
compared to the first is
(a) 66% (b) 20% (c) 3.3% (d) 10%
Ans. : (d)
3 0 A 3 A
Solution: Q1 C1V1 V , Q2 C2V2 0 V
x 1.1x
1 3 A
1 0 V
Q2 Q1 x
100%
1.1
100 9%
Q1 3 A
0
V
x
Q72. The half space region x 0 and x 0 are filled with dielectric
x0 x0
media of dielectric constants 1 and 2 respectively. There is a 2 1
uniform electric field in each part. In the right half, the electric field 1 E1
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E1
tan 1 E E
Solution:
tan 2
1 1
E E2
E1 E2
2
E2
E1 2 tan 1 2
D1 D2 1 E1 2 E2 1 tan 1 2 tan 2
E2 1
tan 2 1
1
(c) By B0 x 2 y 2 (d) By B0 x3 xy 2
3
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Bx B0 x 2 y 2 , Bz 0
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Q75. Consider a sphere S1 of radius R which carries a uniform charge
S2
R S
of density . A smaller sphere S2 of radius a is cut out and 1 P
2
b
removed from it. The centres of the two spheres are separated by r
nR ˆ
the vector b , as shown in the figure. The electric field at a
2
point P inside S2 is
R R R a
(a) nˆ (b) r na
ˆ (c) nˆ (d) r
3 0 3 0 a 6 0 3 0 R
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Electric field at P due to S1 is E1 r
3 0 S2
S1
Electric field at P due to S2 (assume ) is E2 r r
3 0
b P
Thus E E1 E2 r r ; b r r r r b r
3 0
R R
E b nˆ b nˆ
3 0 6 0 2
Q76. The value of the electric and magnetic fields in a particular reference frame (in Gaussian
units) are E 3xˆ 4 yˆ and B 3 zˆ respectively. An inertial observer moving with respect
to this frame measures the magnitude of the electric field to be E 4 . The magnitude of
Q77. A loop of radius a , carrying a current I , is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . If the
normal to the loop is denoted by n̂ , the force F and the torque T on the loop are
(a) F 0 and T a 2 I n̂ B (b) F 0 I B
4
1
(c) F 0 I B and T I nˆ B (d) F 0 and T IB
4 0 0
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Ans. : (a)
Solution: In uniform field F 0
Torque T m B a 2 Inˆ B
Q78. A waveguide has a square cross-section of side 2a . For the TM modes of wave vector k ,
the transverse electromagnetic modes are obtained in terms of a function x, y which
mode is given by
4 2 2
(a) 2 c 2 k 2 2 (b) 2 c 2 k 2 2
a a
2 2 2 2
(c) c k 2
2 2
(d) c k 2
2 2
2a 4a
Ans. : (c)
Solution: c 2 k 2 2 mn
2
2 c 2 k 2 mn
2
m2 n2 1 1
mn
2
c 2 2 2 2 112 c 2 2
a b 2a 2a
2 2
1 c 2 2 2 2 2
112 c 2 2 2
c k
2a 2 2a 2 2a 2
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2016)
Q79. A screen has two slits, each of width w with their centres at a distance 2 w apart. It is
illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave travelling along the x -axis.
The intensity of the interference pattern, measured on a distant screen, at an angle
n
to the x -axis is
w
w
(a) zero for n 1, 2,3...
w x
(b) maximum for n 1, 2,3...
1 3 5 w
(c) maximum for n , , ...
2 2 2
(d) zero for n 0 only
Ans. : (a)
Solution: maximum for n 0 and zero for n 1, 2,3... .
Q80. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is
E z , t E0 cos kz t iˆ 2 E0 sin kz t ˆj
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Q81. A conducting circular disc of radius r and resistivity rotates with an angular velocity
in a magnetic field B perpendicular to it. A voltmeter is connected as shown in the
figure below. Assuming its internal resistance to be infinite, the reading on the voltmeter
(a) depends on , B, r and
B
(b) depends on , B and r but not on
(c) is zero because the flux through the loop is not
changing
r V
(d) is zero because a current the flows in the direction
of B
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Force experienced by charge is
F q v B and v r
Q82. The charge per unit length of a circular wire of radius a in the xy -plane, with its centre at
the origin, is 0 cos , where 0 is a constant and the angle is measured from the
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Q83. A pair of parallel glass plates separated by a distance d is illuminated by white light as
shown in the figure below. Also shown in the graph of the intensity of the reflected light
I as a function of the wavelength recorded by a spectrometer.
1
spectrometer
0.8
Intensity
partially incident 0.6
reflecting mirror white light 0.4
0.2
0
d air gap 490 500 510 520 530
glass plates m
Assuming that the interference takes place only between light reflected by the bottom
surface of the top plate and the top surface of bottom plate, the distance d is closest to
(a) 12 m (b) 24 m (c) 60 m (d) 120 m
Ans. : (d)
1
Solution: For constructive interference of reflected light, 2d cos n .
2
495 m
First maxima occurs at 495 m , 00 and n 0 . Thus, d 120 m
4 4
Q84. Suppose that free charges are present in a material of dielectric constant 10 and
resistivity 1011 m . Using Ohm’s law and the equation of continuity for charge, the
1
time required for the charge density inside the material to decay by is closest to
e
(a) 106 S (b) 106 S (c) 1012 S (d) 10 S
Ans. : (d)
t
8.8 1012 10
0r 1
Solution: f t f 0 e ;
, 10sec ,
10 11
Q85. A particle with charge q moves with a uniform angular velocity in a circular orbit of
radius a in the xy - plane, around a fixed charge q , which is at the centre of the orbit at
I2
The ratio for R a , is
I1
1 1
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 8
4 8
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Ans. : (c)
I 2 r13 R3 1
Solution: 3
I1 r2 2 R 3
8
Q86. A parallel plate capacitor is formed by two circular conducting plates of radius a
separated by a distance d , where d a . It is being slowly charged by a current that is
nearly constant. At an instant when the current is I , the magnetic induction between the
a
plates at a distance from the centre of the plate, is
2
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a 2 a a 4 a
Ans. : (d)
Ir P
Solution: B 0 2 I a
2 a r
I a
B 0 at r
4 a 2
Q87. Two uniformly charged insulating solid spheres A and B , both of radius a , carry total
charges Q and Q , respectively. The spheres are placed touching each other as shown
in the figure.
A B
If the potential at the centre of the sphere A is VA and that at the
centre of B is VB then the difference VA VB is
Q Q Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 0 a 2 0 a 2 0 a 4 0 a
Ans. : (c)
3Q Q Q
Solution: VA
8 0 a 4 0 2a 4 0 a
3Q Q Q
VB
8 0 a 4 0 2a 4 0 a
Q
VA VB
2 0 a
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Q88. Two long hollow co-axial conducting cylinders of radii R1 and R2 R1 R2 are placed
2 R1 2 R2
The inner cylinder carries a charge per unit length and the outer cylinder carries a
charge per unit length. The electrostatic energy per unit length of this system is
2 2
(a)
0
ln R2 / R1 (b)
4 0
R22 / R12
2 2
(c) ln R2 / R1 (d) ln R2 / R1
4 0 2 0
Ans. : (c)
Solution: r R1 , E1 0 ; R1 r R2 , E2 rˆ
2 0 r
r Rz , E3 0
0 Rz 2
W E 2 dz 0
2 all spce 2 R1 4 2 02 r 2
2 rldr
W 0 2 R2 1 2 R
l
2 2 02 R1 r
dr ln 2
4 0 R1
Q89. A set of N concentric circular loops of wire, each carrying a steady current I in the
same direction, is arranged in a plane. The radius of the first loop is r1 a and the radius
of the n th loop is given by rn nrn 1 . The magnitude B of the magnetic field at the centre
(c) 0 I e 2 1 / 8a (d) 0 I e 1 / 2a
Ans. : (d)
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I1 1 1 1
Solution: B 0 ........
2 r1 r2 r3 rn
r1 a
rn nrn 1
0 I 1 1 1
B 1 .......
2a 2 3.2 4.3.2
0 I N
1
B
2a n 1 n
xn
1
1
1
e e 1 e 1
x
n 0 n n 0 n n 1 n n 1 n
N 1 I
lim e 1 B 0 e 1
N
n l n 2a
Q90. An electromagnetic wave (of wavelength 0 in free space) travels through an absorbing
I
medium with dielectric permittivity given by R i I where 3 . If the skin
R
0
depth is , the ratio of the amplitude of electric field E to that of the magnetic field B ,
4
in the medium (in ohms) is
(a) 120 (b) 377 (c) 30 2 (d) 30
Ans. : (d)
1 0 I
Solution: d , 3
4 R
1/ 2
4 2 4
2
1
1
2 2 0 0
1/ 2
2
K k 1
2 2
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E0 1 1
B0 K 2 2 4
1/ 2
2
2
1 0
0 0 2 c / 0 c E c
0
8 8 4 H0 4
E 4 107 3 108
30
H0 4
Q91. The vector potential A ke at rrˆ (where a and k are constants) corresponding to an
electromagnetic field is changed to A ke at rrˆ . This will be a gauge transformation if
the corresponding change in the scalar potential is
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u u
v u at 2 u at t 2a
0 e2 au
E
12 c
E 2E
Fraction of initial K .E. lost due to radiation
1
mu 2 mu 2
2
2 0e 2 au 0 e2 a
mu 2 12 c 6 mcu
1 2 u 1 u2 u 2 u 2 3u 2 3u 2
s ut at u a a
2 2a 2 4 a 2 2 a 8a 8a 8s
0 e2 3u 2 e 2u
0
6 mcu 8s 16 mcs
Q93. The figure describes the arrangement of slits and S1 S2
screens in a Young’s double slit experiment. The
screen
width of the slit in S1 is a and the slits in S2 are b
of negligible width.
If the wavelength of the light is , the value of d
d for which the screen would be dark is
2 2 2
a b a ab ab
(a) b 1 (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: If the path difference Op2 Op1
2
The minima of the interference pattern produced by O will P1
fall on the maxima produced by O Now
1/ 2 a / 2 O b
b a
2
1 b a
2
OP1 d d
2 2 2d 2 2
d
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ab
OP2 OP1 d b, a
2d
ab ab
Thus d
2 2d
Q94. A constant current I is flowing in a piece of wire that is bent into a loop as shown in the
figure. y
2b
2b a a
2b
2a
2a O x
b b
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I a 0 I 1 1 0 I 1 0 I 1
(a) ln (b) (c) (d)
4 5 b 4 5 a b 4 5 a 4 5 b
Ans. : (b)
I
Solution: B 0 sin 2 sin 1 ˆ
4 d
Magnetic field due to left and right segment of 2a
d 1 2
I 2a
B2 a 0
4 a 5a I
Field due to upper segment of 2a
0 I a a
4 2a 5a 5a
0 I 2 0 I 1
Net field B2 a 2
4 a 5 4 a 5
0 I
B2 a 5 (inward)
4 a
0 I
similarly, B2b 5 (outward)
4 b
0 I 1 1
Net field B B2 a B2b 5
4 a b
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Q95. The charge distribution inside a material of conductivity and permittivity at initial
time t 0 is r , 0 0 , a constant. At subsequent times r , t is given by
t 1 t
(a) 0 exp (b) 0 1 exp
2
0 t
(c) (d) 0 cosh
t
1 exp
Ans. : (a)
Solution: J f E , .E f , .J f f
E
.E f f f
t t
f t 0 exp f f t 0 exp t
y
d 3Q
x 2 d Q
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Q97. A rectangular piece of dielectric material is inserted partially into the (air) gap between
the plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The dielectric piece will
(a) remain stationary where it is placed
(b) be pushed out from the gap between the plates
(c) be drawn inside the gap between the plates and its velocity does not change sign
(d) execute an oscillatory motion in the region between the plates
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Just like a conductor, a dielectric is attracted into an electric field. The reason is: the
bound charge tends to accumulate near the fee charge of the opposite sign.
Q98. An electromagnetic wave is travelling in free space (of permittivity 0 ) with electric field
ˆ cos q x ct
E kE 0
The average power (per unit area) crossing planes parallel to 4 x 3 y 0 will be
4 1 16
(a) 0 cE02 (b) 0 cE02 (c) 0 cE02 (d) 0 cE02
5 2 25
Ans. : (c)
x y
Solution: 4 x 3 y 0 0
3 4 y
n̂
E
B 0 cos qx qct yˆ 4
c
1 1 E0 E02 B 90
S
0
EB E
0 0 c
cos 2
x
ˆ S
2 0 c
xˆ
x
E2 E2 K 3
2
I S .nˆ 0 cos 90 0 sin c 0 E02
2 0 c 2 0 c 5 E
z
4 4
tan sin
3 5
1
I 0.4c 0 E02 c 0 E02
2
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Q99. A plane electromagnetic wave from within a dielectric medium (with 4 0 and 0 )
is incident on its boundary with air, at z 0 . The magnetic field in the medium is
H ˆjH 0 cos t kx k 3 z , where and k are positive constants.
Q100. In an inertial frame S , the magnetic vector potential in a region of space is given by
A az iˆ (where a is a constant) and the scalar potential is zero. The electric and
magnetic fields seen by an inertial observer moving with a velocity viˆ with respect to S ,
1
are, respectively [In the following ]
v2
1 2
c
(a) 0 and ajˆ (b) vakˆ and aiˆ (c) v akˆ and v ajˆ (d) v akˆ and ajˆ
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Ex Ex , E y E y v Bz and Ez Ez vBy
v v
Bx Bx , By By 2 Ez and Bz Bz 2 E y
c c
A
E V 0, B A a ˆj
t
Ex 0, E y 0 v 0 0, Ez 0 va va
(replace v by v ) E v azˆ
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v v
Bx 0, By a 2 0 a, Bz 0 2 0 0
c c
B a ˆj
Q101. In the rest frame S1 of a point particle with electric charge q1 another point particle with
distance l . The magnitude of the electromagnetic force felt by q1 due to q2 when the
1
distance between them is minimum, is [In the following ]
v2
1 2
c
1 q1q2 1 q1q2
(a) (b)
4 0 l 2 4 0 l 2
1 q1q2 v 2 1 q1q2 v 2
(c) 1 (d) 1
4 0 l 2 c 2 4 0 l 2 c 2
Ans. : (b)
1 q1q2
Solution: Charge of q2 seen by rest frame of q1 q2 ; F
4 0 l 2
Q102. A circular current carrying loop of radius a carries a steady current. A constant electric
charge is kept at the centre of the loop. The electric and magnetic fields, E and B
respectively, at a distance d vertically above the centre of the loop satisfy
(a) E B (b) E 0
(c) E B 0
(d) E B 0
Ans. : (c)
Solution: E B 0 . E B 0
1 1 1
Q103. The Hamiltonian of a two-level quantum system is H possible initial
2 1 1
state in which the probability of the system being in that quantum state does not change
with time, is
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cos 4 cos 8 cos 2 cos 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
sin sin sin sin
4 8 2 6
Ans. : (b)
Monopole moment 2Q Q 2Q Q 0
Dipole moment p Q 2 xˆ 2Q xˆ 2Q xˆ Q 2 xˆ p 0
1
Thus V
x3
Q105. The following configuration of three identical narrow slits are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength (as shown in the figure below). The intensity is
measured at an angle (where is the angle with the incident beam) at a large distance
2 d
from the slits. If sin , the intensity is proportional to
1 d
(a) 2 cos 2 cos 2 (b) 3 sin 2 3
2
1
(c) 3 2 cos 2 cos 2 2 cos 3 (d) 2 sin 2 3 2d
2
Ans. : (c)
i t
Solution: E1 Ae , E2 A ei ei t , E3 A ei1 ei t Ae3i ei t
2 2
d sin , 1 3d sin 3
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i 3i i t
E E1 E2 E3 A 1 e e e
E A 1 e i e 3i e it
I E.E A2 1 ei e3i 1 e i e3i
ei e i e i 2 e i 2 ei 3 e i 3
I A2 3 2 2 2
2 2 2
I A2 3 2 cos 2 cos 2 2 cos 3
Q106. The electric field E and the magnetic field B corresponding to the scalar and vector
1
potentials, V x, y, z , t 0 and A x, y, z , t kˆ0 A0 ct x , where A0 is a constant,
2
are
1 1 1
(a) E 0 and B ˆj 0 A0 (b) E kˆ0 A0 c and B ˆj 0 A0
2 2 2
1 1 1
(c) E 0 and B iˆ0 A0 (d) E kˆ0 A0 c and B iˆ0 A0
2 2 2
Ans. : (b)
A 1 1
Solution: E 0 A0 c 0 kˆ 0 A0 ckˆ
t 2 2
xˆ yˆ zˆ
A A 1
B A xˆ z yˆ z B 0 A0 ˆj
x y z y x 2
0 0 Az
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Solution: E z , t iE
ˆ 0 e cos kz t E and B z , t ˆjB0 e z cos kz t E
z
where tan 1 .
k
ˆ 0 e z / 3a cos z t 1 and k 1
E z , t iE
3a 3a 3a
1
tan 1 30
0
3
Q108. A hollow waveguide supports transverse electric TE modes with the dispersion
1
relation k 2 mn
2
, where mn is the mode frequency. The speed of flow of
c
electromagnetic energy at the mode frequency is
(a) c (b) mn / k (c) 0 (d)
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Energy carried by the wave travels at the group velocity
d
2
vg c 1 mn at mn , vg 0
dk
Q109. The loop shown in the figure below carries a steady current I .
I
3a
a
O
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a 6a 4a 3a
Ans. : (b)
1 0 I 1 0 I
Solution: Ba , B3a
2 2a 2 2 3a
0 I 1 0 I
B Ba B3a 1
4a 3 6a
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Q110. In the region far from a source, the time dependent electric field at a point r , , is
sin r
E r , , ˆ E0 2 cos t
r c
where is angular frequency of the source. The total power radiated (averaged over a
cycle) is
2 E02 4 4 E02 4 4 E02 4 2 E02 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c
Ans. : (b)
E
Solution: B
c
1 E 2 E02 4 Sm2 r
S E.B cos 2 t
0 0 c 0 c r 2
c
1 E02 4 sin 2
S
2 0 c r 2
E 2 4 2
sin 2 2
P S .da 0 r sin d d
S
2 0 c 0 0
r2
E02 4 4 4 E02 4
P 2
2 0 c 3 3 0 c
0l0 ˆ ˆ 0l0 ˆ ˆ
(c) 2 j k (d) 2 j k
2R 2R
Ans. : (c)
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0 I 0
Solution: Field due to loop in xy plane is B1 zˆ
2R
Field due to loop in xz plane is
2I0
B2 0 yˆ
2R
I
Resultant field B B1 B2 0 0 2 yˆ zˆ
2R
Q112. An electric dipole of dipole moment P qbiˆ is placed at
Y
origin in the vicinity of two charges q and q at L, b
q ( L,-b)
qb 3qb
(c) (d)
0 L2 0 L2
Ans. : (c)
1 p cos 00 1 p
Solution: Potential due to dipole V1
4 0 L / 2 2
0 L2
1 q
Potential due to q charge V2
4 0 L2 / 4 b 2
1 q
Potential due to q charge V3
4 0 L / 4 b2
2
1 p 1 qb
Resultant V V1 V2 V3 V
0 L2
0 L2
Hence, correct option is (c)
Q113. A monochromatic and linearly polarized light is used in a Young’s double slit experiment.
A linear polarizer, whose pass axis is at an angle 450 to the polarization of the incident
wave, is placed in front of one of the slits. If I max and I min , respectively, denote the
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maximum and minimum intensities of the interference pattern on the screen, the visibility,
I max I min
defined as the ratio , is
I max I min
2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
Ans. : (b)
A xˆ yˆ it i
ˆ 0 eit ;
Solution: E1 xA E2 0 e
2 2
y
I E1 E2 E1* E2* E2 A0
A0 cos 45
2 2 2
I E1 E2 E1 E2* E2 E1* x
E1 A0
A02 A2 A2
A02 1 1 0 e i 0 ei
4 2 2
A02 A02 ei e i 3 A02
I A02 A02 cos
2 2 2 2
5 A02 A2 I I 2
I max , I min 0 V max min
2 2 I max I min 3
Q114. An electromagnetic wave propagates in a nonmagnetic medium with relative permittivity
4 . The magnetic field for this wave is
H x, y kH
ˆ cos t x 3 y
0
where H 0 is a constant. The corresponding electric field E x, y is
(a)
1
4
0 H 0 c 3iˆ ˆj cos t x 3 y
(b)
1
4
0 H 0 c
3iˆ ˆj cos t x 3 y
(c)
1
4
0 H 0 c
3iˆ ˆj cos t x 3 y
(d)
1
4
0 H 0 c 3iˆ ˆj cos t x 3 y
Ans. : (a)
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Solution: E v Kˆ Bˆ
K xˆ 3 yˆ 1 3
K xˆ 3 yˆ K
ˆ xˆ yˆ
K 2 3 2 2 2
c xˆ 3 yˆ
E
r 2
0 H 0 cos t x 3 y zˆ
c 0 H 0
E
2 4
yˆ 3 xˆ cos t x 3 y
E
1
4
c0 H 0 3 xˆ yˆ cos t x 3 y
Q115. In an inertial frame uniform electric and magnetic field E and B are perpendicular to
2 2
each other and satisfy E B 29 (in suitable units). In another inertial frame, which
moves at a constant velocity with respect to the first frame, the magnetic field is 2 5kˆ .
In the second frame, an electric field consistent with the previous observations is
(a)
2
7 ˆ ˆ
ij
(b) 7 iˆ kˆ (c)
7 ˆ ˆ
2
i k
(d) 7 iˆ ˆj
Ans. : (a)
2 2
Solution: E B 29
2 2
In another Frame E B 29
2
B 2 5kˆ B 4 5 20 E 49
2
It is given E B so E
7 ˆ ˆ
2
ij
Q116. Electromagnetic wave of angular frequency is propagating in a medium in which, over
2
a band of frequencies the refractive index is n 1 , where 0 is a constant.
0
v
The ratio g of the group velocity to the phase velocity at 0 is
vp 2
1 2
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 2
4 3
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Ans. : (a)
2
Solution: n 1
02
c 2 / 4 3 4c
n 1 0 2 vp
vp 0 4 3
ck 2 3
n 1 kc
02 02
dk 3 2 2 / 4 1 3 1 d
.c 1 2 1 3 0 2 vg 4c
d 0 0 4 4 dk
vg 4c
Thus, 3
vp 4c / 3
Q117. A rotating spherical shell of uniform surface charge and mass density has total mass M
and charge Q . If its angular momentum is L and magnetic moment is , then the ratio
is
L
Q 2Q Q 3Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3M 3M 2M 4M
Ans. : (c)
2 2
Solution: I MR 2 , L I MR 2
3 3 z
R sin
Q
4 R 2 Rd
QR 2 / 3 QR 2 3 Q
L 2
MR 2 3 2MR 2M
2
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179