Advance Mathematical Physics

Submitted by ; Kiran Samina

Registration ; 2020F-mulmpl-mth-016

Submitted ; Dr. Ateeq Ur Rehman

M-Phil ; Mathematics (1st semester)

School Of Mathematics
LAPLACE EQUATION IN CYLINDERICAL CORDINATES
It is second order partial differential equation.it

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 2
+ + =∇
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕2 𝑌 2 𝜕𝑍 2

2
∇ is Laplace operator.

In Cartesian coordinate system (x , y, z) are the coordinate of the system.

We will prove this Cartesian form of Laplace equation in cylindrical coordinate

system.

Coordinate of the cylindrical system are (r, ∅, z)

There are three steps for the conversion of Laplace equation in cylindrical
coordinate system.

❖ Step1
Relation between (x ,y, z) and (r, ∅,z)
We will find

There is following relation between cylindrical and Cartesian system.

X=rcos ∅ , y=rsin ∅ z=z

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 =(rcos ∅)2 +(r sin ∅)2

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 =r2cos ∅2 + r2sin ∅2

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = r2 (cos ∅2 + sin ∅2)

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 =r2
𝜕𝑟
2r =2x
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑟 𝑥
=
𝜕𝑥 𝑟
 𝜕𝑟
Now for
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑟
2y =2r
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑟 𝑟
=
𝜕𝑦 𝑦

𝜕∅ 𝜕∅
Now for and
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
=
𝑥 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠∅

𝑦
=tan∅
𝑥
𝑦
∅=tan−1
𝑥

𝜕∅ 𝜕 𝑦
= (tan−1 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥

𝜕∅ 1 −𝑦
= 𝑦2 ( )
𝜕𝑥 1+ 𝑥2
𝑥2

𝜕∅ −𝑦
=
𝜕𝑥 𝑥2+𝑦2

𝜕∅ −𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
=
𝜕𝑥 𝑟

Similarly,
𝜕∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
=-
𝜕𝑦 𝑟

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
= =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Step 3

Assume the voltage at point (r, ∅, z)

Let

V=v(r,∅,z)
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑉 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑍
= + +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
=cos∅ +-sin∅ +0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑟 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉 = 𝜕 (𝜕𝑉 )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕 −𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 −𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕𝑉
cos∅ . )(cos∅ –( )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉 = 𝜕2 𝑉 −𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕 1 𝜕𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕2 𝑉
𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 - -cos∅sin∅ . +𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ∅ - -
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 𝑟. 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅
𝜕 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 −𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∅ 𝜕2
cos∅sin∅ - - cos∅ +
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕∅
𝜕2 𝑉 = 2
2𝜕 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∅ 𝜕2
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ -2 + + + ………1
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉
Now for
𝜕𝑦 2
BY the chain rule
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑉 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑧
= + +
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕𝑉
=sin∅ +
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉 = 𝜕 𝜕𝑉
𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑌

𝜕2 𝑉 = 𝜕 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕𝑉
(𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ + )(sin∅ + )
𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕 1 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕 𝜕𝑉

2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∅ + + sin∅cos∅ + + sin∅
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕∅𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑟
2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕 𝑉
+
𝑟2 𝜕∅2

𝜕2 𝑉 = 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 𝜕2 𝑉

𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2 +2 - + + …………2
𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕∅

𝜕2 𝑉
Now for
𝜕𝑧 2

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕 𝜕𝑉
= ( )
𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑉 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑍
= + +
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑉 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑍
= ( + + )
𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑧 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
= …………3
𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 2

Now add (1) (2) (3)

𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
∇2 = + +
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2

𝜕2 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2 𝜕𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉

∇2 =𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 2
-2 + + + +𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 2 𝜕𝑟 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕2 𝑉 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕𝑉 2 2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ 𝜕 𝑉 𝜕 𝑉
+2 - + + +
𝑟 𝜕𝑟𝜕∅ 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧 2

𝜕2 𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
∇2 = 2
(𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2 ) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2 ) + 2(𝑐𝑜𝑠∅2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛∅2 ) 2
+
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧 2

𝜕2 𝑉 1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
∇2 = + + +
𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕∅ 2 𝜕𝑧 2

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑉 1 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉
∇2 = ( )(r ) + +
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕∅ 2 𝜕𝑧 2

It is the cylindrical form of Laplace equation.