‘Standard Specification for Steel Cas AASHTO Designation: M 103M/M 103-11 ASTM Designation: A 27/A 27M-08 gs, Carbon, for General Application ‘SCOPE 14 This specifiation covers carbon steel castings for general applications that require up to 485 MPa {70 ksi] minimum tensile strength Note 4—tho grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings oF wrought steel pars by fusion welding, It is not intended to {imply that all these grades possess the same degree of weldability or thatthe same welding techniques can be used om al eastings. It is the responsibilty of the purchaser to establish for himself suitable welding technique 12 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall be specified by the purchaser. 124 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only 122 Grade N-2—Weatteeated but not mechanically tested, 123 Grade U-415-205 [60-30}—Mechanically tested but not heat-treated, 124 Grades 415-205 [60-30], 450-240 [63-35], #85-250 [70-36], and 485-275 [70-40}—Heat treated tnd mechanically tested. 125 (Cass 1 and Class 2 ste] castings shall be specified in accordance with Section 9:2. 13 This specification is applicable to orders in either SI nits (as M 103M) or inch-pound units (as 1M 103), The values stated in ether SI units oF inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in ronconformance with the standard, Inch-pound units ae shown in brackets inthe text for earty, but they ate the applicable values when the material is ordered to M 108, 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standard: m T'244, Mechanical Testing of Stel Produets 22 ASTM Standards: mA 732/A T32M, Standard Specification for Castings, Investment, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Applicaton, and Cobalt Alloy for High Stwength at Elevated Temperatures TS-4h M 103MM 103-1 AASHTO. (©2011 by he Amerisn Astoiton of Sate ihn a Tranpaton Ol Allsghs reserved Dupliaton ia Violation o apes InA TSI/A 781M, Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use 1m A.9S7/A 957M, Standard Specification for investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use £527, Standard Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified System (UNS) bering 3. ‘GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR DELIVERY 34 [Except for steel investment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 781/A 781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of ASTM ‘A TI/A 781M constitutes nonconformance withthe specification, In ease of a conflict between ‘this specification and ASTM A 78I/A 781M, tis specification shall prevail 32 ‘Steel investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 957/A 957M, including any supplementary requirements tha are indicated inthe ‘purchase ozder, Failure to comply withthe common requirements of ASTM A 9S7/A 9STM ‘onstitues nonconformance wit the specification In ease ofa conflict between the requirements ‘ofthis specification and ASTM A 957/A 957M, ASTM A 957/A 957M shall pre ORDERING INFORMATION ad (Orders for material under this specification should include the following information in proper sequence 44a Quantity: 442 Specification, grade (Section 1.2) and elass (Section 9.2); 443 Deseription ofthe casting by pattern number ar drawings 44a Options in the specication; and 445 ‘Supplementary requirements desired, including standards of acceptance, 5 HEAT TREATMENT 5A All castings of Grades N-2, 415-205 {60-30}, 450-240 [65-85], 485-250 [70-36], and 485-275. [70-40] shall be heat-ireated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or {quenching ond tempering. Unless otherwise specified in the inquiry, contact, or order, the castings may be heat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-tteatments atthe option of the manufacturer. BAA Heat-teatment shall be performed after castings have been allowed to coo! from the pouring {emperature to below the transformation range. 52 Fumace temperatures for hea-eating shall be regulated by the use of pyrometers. TS-4h M T03MIN 103-2 AASHTO (©2011 by the Amoian Associaton of Ste High an Transportation Oca ‘All igh reserved: Duplication sa vlaton of apc‘CHEMICAL COMPOSITION et ‘The steel shall conform tothe requirements regarding chemical composition preseribed in Table 1 Proce analysis tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances shown in ASTM ATSU/A 78IM. When residual element chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be considered. Table 4—Chomical Requirements Composition, percent Carbon? Manganese,” Silicon, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Grade (UNS Noy" Max Max. Max Max Max Grade 102500) 025 07s ‘O80 006 as rate 2 (03500) os 060 on 006 as Grade 15.205 6030) (02500) 02s 07s om 0.06 as ‘rade 415-205 6030) (03000) 0x0 060 om 006 as Grade 450-240 6535} UaB001) 0x0 07% om 008 vas Grade 48-25 [7036] 03801) os 07% os 006 as rade 485.275 70-40] 002501) 025 120 ow 8.0% as Spi ls 2m tion orden. (ee Selon 92) Ferenc redation 001 peat ror elo he main pln nee of 0. pret manga so he sie le ele ‘Sasi of 0 pct rede 85-295 [90] and 00 pee rhe abr des 7. TENSILE PROPERTIES 7A Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be performed on each hea, and the :mechanical properties thus determined shall conform tothe requirements specified in Table 2. ‘The tension test shall be performed in accordance with T 244, Table 2—Tensile Requitements Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Elongation in Reduction of Min, som in, Area, Grade MPa (ksi) Min, pereen Min, percent “Grade U415-205 [30] 208 50) 2 30 ‘Gade 415-205 60-20) 205 80) 4 3s Gade 450-240 65-35} 2005) 24 a5 ‘Gade 48.250 (70-36) 250,36) 2 20 (inde 485.275 70.407 ss) 275140) 2 x0 Spc Cs or Ca ain oe een en Soien2) When etre inten eng prvi in i spetieo,te gng eh res ein te sab "Gene shs-275 Pen be al eee ef Grd 8535073] wes aed penn mate pc 72 ‘Test bars shall be poured in special blocks simila fo those shown in Figure 1 of ASTM ATBUA TSIM and from the same heat asthe casting represented, 73 ‘Test eoupons may be cut from the heat-treated (if required) castings or cast integrally withthe castings atthe producer's option. TA The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-treated in production furnaces to the same procedure asthe castings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, the test bars shall be heat-treated with the castings, Ts-4h 4 103MIM 103-3, ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the American Asoiton of She Hihry an Transportation Oil Joh served. Duplston i olin pple78 ‘Test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimen: the ends machined to fit the grips onthe tensile testing mn cds for standard round tension test specimens are shown in ms shown in Figure 4 of T 244, with in tobe used. Suggested types of igure 5 of T 244 76 any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may’be discarded and another substituted from the same heat 17 ‘When this specification is applied to investment castings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtained and prepared as directed in $3.2 of ASTM A 732/A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat-reated as preseribed in Section 7.4 8. RETESTS et If the results ofthe mechanical tests for any hea, lo, or casting donot conform tothe requirements spectied, retest are permitted as outlined in'T 244, At the manufacturer's option, castings may be reeat-treated and retested. When castings are reheatreated, they may not be feaustenitized more than thre times without the approval ofthe purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shall consist ofthe full numberof speeimens taken from locations complying with the specifiation or order. REWORK AND RETREATMENT ot All welds shall be inspected tothe same quality standards as were used to inspect the casting. 02 If postweld heat-eatment is required, Class I must be specified along with the grade, and the ‘welds tobe heat-treated must be defined. IF posted heat-eatment is not required, Class 2 must be specified along with the grade 10. KEYWORDS 10.4 Castings; general applications; ste! SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS: Ais of standardized supplementary requirements for use a the option of the purchaser is described in ASTM A 781/A 781M. Those that are considered suitable for use with this specification are listed below by ttle only. Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use ‘ith this specification a the option of the purchaser are deseribed below. One or more of the supplementary requirements indicated below may be included in the purchaser's order or contact When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the same foree as iit were inthe body ‘of the specification, Supplementary requirements’ details not fully described shall be agreed upon ‘between the purhaser and the supplier but shall not negate any of the requirements inthe body of the specification 1. MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION S82. RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION S83. LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION TS-4h WW T03MIM 103-4 ‘AASHTO {©2011 by the Amin Assocation of State Hghvay and Transportation Oa Allright erred Dupes ra vlan of apie a84. sé. 88. 89. Sto. 812. 813. 814, S61, 851.4 851.14 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION CERTIFICATION MARKING CHARPY IMPACT TEST HARDNESS TEST TEST REPORT UNSPECIFIED ELEMENTS TENSION TEST FROM CASTINGS PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS Tolerances for commercial stel castings (Section $51.1) made ftom mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not tobe machined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal match plate pattems and precise molding methods ean produce closer tolerances than the values shown in ‘Table 3. Complex easting designs may require permissible variations different from those listed in Table 3. ‘The term “commercial castings” docs not cover castings requiring special fixtures for gauging, ot finishing castings by grinding to special tolerance gauges beyond the normal requirements as listed in Table 3. ‘Table 3—Normully Expected Deviation of Linear Casting Dimensions from De: [Blueprint Dimensions, mam [im] Upto 75. ie BEA] ver 7810 195[3 7) nel +411 ‘ver 1751050 [740 20} nl *sf%m) (Oye $0040 2509204 10h net 12 Dimeasions eranees, mum in.) 882. GATE AND RISER PROJECTIONS FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS 852.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in a manner such that no riser or gate stub projects or «depression is made beyond or below the casting design contour in an amount that would exceed the values given in Table 4 TS-4h 4 103MM 103-6 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Anerican Asin ofS High apd Tasporaton Otis Allright reed Duplication a wnaon a aplbleTable 4—Gat 1d Riser Projection Tolerances Riker of Gate, Max Max Projection, Max Depression, Dimension, ram [in] i fin] ‘mn fin) pi 10 (A inl 3) 3 ‘Over 1001020 [40 8}. ota Sat ‘Over 2009500 [8020 roa ai ‘Over 0750 (20 30), fc BEAL sta over 75030) oP eri 853. MASS DEVIATION FOR CASTINGS MADE FROM MOUNTED PATTERNS 953.1 The allowable deviations from the average casting mass are shown in Table 5. Table §—Allowable Deviation” from Average Casting Mass Positive Deviation, Negative Deviation, Casting Mass, ke [1b] peroent percent Upto [10 ne 30 oT ‘Over 459280100500, 6s so ‘Over 230104540 [50 to 1000), ne so 30 Over 454016000} 30 2s Devons tp aaa ome mig 854, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR RESIDUAL ELEMENTS 8544 “The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of elements specified as follows, using procedures specified in ASTM A 781/A 781M. The chemical analysis thus determined shall, conform fo the following requirements or Neel, max, pace 030 MoWybdsummex,percent 025, Chromium, max, peer 050 854.2, ‘Total content ofthese residual elements, maximum pereent 1.00. TS-4h M4 10SMIM 103-6 ‘AASHTO (©2011 byte American Associaton of Sate Highny on Transporation Ofc. ‘Alright served Dupin i ila of appl aStandard Specification for Gray Iron Castings AASHTO Designation: M 105-09 a3 ‘SCOPE 14 ‘Ths specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engincering use where tensile steengih ia major consideration. Castings ae classified onthe basis ofthe tensile strength ofthe iran in east test bers tt This specifiation subordinates chemical composition to tensile stength 12. castings produced to this speciation are graded on the basis of minimum tensile strength oblained in special test coupons designed to standardize cooling rat. The tensile strength ‘developed in certain casting sections may vary from test coupan values (See Appendix X12.) 13, The values stated in SI units are tobe regarded as the standard 1A, AASHTO M 306 may be specified for drainage structure castings suchas frames, grates, rings, snd covers for inlets, manholes, and other siuctures i loading requirements exceed normal highway loading oif more restietive dimensional tolerances are required 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standards M306, Drainage, Sewer, Utlity, and Related Castings 22. ASTM Standards A 644, Sundard Terminology Relating to ron Castings 1m AAB/A 48M, Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings 1 E8/E 8M, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 23. Miltary Standard: mt MIL-ST1-129, Marking for Shipment and Storage! 24, Federal Stander Fed, Sd. No, 123, Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)! 3. TERMINOLOGY a4 Definitions of Terms Specific to Ths Standard 344 ‘manufacturer—a producing foundey/facilty where iron is melted end poured into molds. TS-4h M 105-1 ‘AASHTO. {©2011 by he Ameri Associaton of Sate High an Tranptation Of, Allis reseed: Dypcao is aaton of ape awsupplier—an agent, representative, or orga manufacture tion that provides casings that it id not purchaser-—the end user ofthe casting. ‘The preceding terms and definitions are specific to this specification, ASTM A 644 contains other terms and definitions relating to gray iron castings. 4A ‘CLASSIFICATION Castings ordered and produced in accordance with ths speification ae elssitied into & number ‘of grades based on the properties of cast test bars (Table 1). Fach class is designated by a number followed by a letter. The number indiates the minimum tensile stength ofthe east test bar, and the leter indicates the size of the test bar, Examples of proper designations areas follows: Gray Tron Castings, M 105, Class 308, Gray Tron Castings, M 105, Class 40C ORDERING INFORMATION 5A ‘Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information: 814 AASHTO designation number and year of issue: B12. Class of iron required (Section 4.1 and Table 1); AB, The sizeof the castles bar (Letter elassfication—A, B,C, ofS) that best represents the thickness of the controlling section of the casting (Table 3); BAA, ‘The tension test specimen (B or C) to be machined fiom test bar C (Section 11.3, Table 2, and Figure 2); BAS, ‘The tension test spesimen to be machined from test bur (Section 11.4, Table 2, and Figure 2): BAB, Lot size (Seetion 14); BAT. Special requirements (Section 7); 518, Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (Section 16.4); and 618, ‘Special preparation for delivery (Section 18). 6 TENSILE REQUIREMENTS aA. ‘Test bars representing castings conforming to this specification shall meet the requirements for tensile strength as deseribed in Table I TS-4h 1052 “AASHTO (©2011 by the Americ Asotin of Sat Highvty a Transportation Oficial, ‘Allright reed: Duplication sa snon of appletTable 4—Requirements for Tensile Strength of Gray Cast Irons in Cast Test Bars ‘Tensile Nominal “Tensile Nominal Strength, Test Bar, Swength, Test Ba, Min, MPa Dia, Min, MPa Di Class fksi]___mm fin Class fksi]__mm fin, Wo20 1380) 720.88) Tie.d5K— 310(4s) 72.4 (0.88) 1No.208 sosiia} Mo.4sB s(t} 206 s0s(20) No.48C saa(20) No. 208, bas No488 aes? No.2Sk 7205} 2247088) Nason SISO) 24 088) 10.258 303112} 1a. 508 masta} Ne.250 508120) No soc sas[20) 1No.258 Bust No. 308 Bars? Wo.30A 20780} 2241088) Nossa 39I55] 224/088), 1Wo.308 snsit} No. 558 sas {12} 10.300 soso} No 58C sus [20} No 308 Bars No.5 ars! No3sk 215} 2240) Noeoa 41460] 224085) No 358 masta} 608 asta} 0.380 soso, Noe s08[20) 10.388 Bas 10.608 ars? Not0A 276440) 224088) No 408 asta) Ne-400 saspzo} No. 405 Bes" cana aS alba ped opr Bae eam de Se 7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS: TA. ‘When agreed upon in writing between the manufacturer and the purchase, it may be necessary for the eastings to meet special requirements regarding hardness, chemical composi microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographie soundaess dimensions, surface finish, ete. DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS aa. ‘The castings shall conform to the dimensions or dravings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there «are no drawings, to the dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment supplied by the purchaser. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH oa. mhe surface of the easing shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and ot tears, as determined by visual examination. 92, [No repaising by plugging or welding of any kind shall be permitted unless written permission is ‘granted by the purchaser TS-4h 105-3 ‘AASHTO ©2011 by he Americ Asotin of Sse Highs a Tranpatation Of, Allsighs served Duplication ia vain oF applic aw10. 404. CAST TEST BARS. ‘est bars shall be poured from the same Tot asthe eastings they represent, and shall have dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for reasonable pattern dra within the tolerances shown in Table 2. Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars inthe form of simple cylinders. Test bar Sis special and is intended for use where the standard bars are not satisfactory Table 2—Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars ‘As-Cast Diameter, mm [in Length mm fin.) ‘Nominal Min ax Min Max Test Bar_(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (op) (Specified) __ (Recommended) a matqoss} 2160s) 24a [09] 125150] 150 (60) B nas{i2a) 290 (te) 28522), 150{60), 209) ce sos(zoo) 483 (190) 53.3210) 75170 2ss{100) st Tinea oe ar alt apd po yi ate 10.2. ‘The separately cast test burs shall be cast in dried, baked, or chemically bonded molds made mainly of an aggregate of siliceous sand with appropriate binders. The average grain size ofthe sand shall approximate that of the sand in which the castings are poured. Molds for te test bars shall be approximately at room temperature when poured. More than one test har may be cast in a single mold, but each bar in the mold shall be surounded by a thickness of sand that isnot less than the diameter of the bar. suituble design fora separately cast test bar mold is shown in Figure 1 lew o bow Required Features ‘Maia Agwreqte of dy sce sd Poston Bars vein 1e-See Tobe, D—See Tables. Not ese than meter, D. (Optional Features "Wear oF et sna single mldTwosogesiel Designof poring ep. PSO mm (in) size 8mm Gin) nine, peed M13, suegeste Figure Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Tension Test Bars for Gray ron TS4h wi 1054 “AASHTO (©2011 by the American Asin of St High and Trasgttin Oil "Allg eseved Duplin fa Vilain of pple103. 10.4, 10.5, “Test bats that ate intended to represent castings that are cooled in the mold to less than 480°C (900), before shakeout, shall be cooled in their molds to a temperature less than 480°C (900°F), ‘Then they may be cooled in sill ir to room temperature. “Test bars that are intended to represent castings that ae hotter than 480P°C (9007F) when shaken ‘ut oftheir molds shall be cooled as deseribed in Section 10.3 or (by agreement between the ‘manufacturer and the purchaset) may be shaken oot of their molds at approximately the same temperature as the castings they represent. When castings are stress-relieved, annealed, or otherwise heat-treated, test bars shall receive the same thermal treatment and shall be treated adjacent to the castings they represent. Note 1—the intent of these provisions is as follows: to prohibit the casting of test bars in molds ‘of metal, graphite, zircon, lightweight aggregates, or other materials which would affect significantly the tensile strength ofthe iron; to prohibit control of tensile strength ofthe test bars by manipulation ofthe grin size ofthe sand; and to prohibit the casting of test bars in molds preheated substantially above room temperature. ‘Table 3—Cast Test Bars for Use When @ Specific Correlation Haas Not Been Established between the Test Bar and the Casting “Thickness ofthe Wall ofthe Controlling Seotion of the Casting, mm (in) ‘Test Bar Tae 6(025) 5 610 12002510050) a 131025005110 100) a 261050(101 102) ce over 502), s 1. TENSION TEST SPECIMENS 114. For Test Bar A—the tension test specimen A, as shown in Figure 2, shall be machined concentric With the axis of he test bar, TS-4h 108-5 AASHTO (©2011 by he Amen Assit of Stal Highvay and Tapio Oia, Allright esered Dopo saison of pleat-————+ Pest —* er re t Tension Test, Tension Test, Tension Test, Dimensions, mm Specimen A’ Specimen ‘Specimen Geng of paral, min (030) B07) 3125) D Diameter 1274025 isos s17=0050 (0500010) 75040015) (1.2520025) Radi ffl in 2s) as) 50@) ALengthof reduc section min 22(1%) sea s7@lg {Ove length min 930) 00m) 016%) CDi oendsecion approx 222) ssa ans) 1B Lenat oso, in sey sea Bed 1 Dinofebolder 16405 asaas 3605 Length end seaton Cet Yad Cha Ma) het a) ‘Open ae ning nln Fl wa acl nti con FE Figure 2—Tension Test Specimens 11.2. For Test Bar B—the tension test specimen B, as shown in Figure 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis ofthe test bat, For Test Bar C-tension test specimens B ot C, as shown in Figure 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis ofthe test bar. Unless the size ofthe tension test specimen to be machined from test bar Cis specified in writing by the purchaser, the decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be made by the manufacturer of the castings. For Test Bar S—the nature and dimensions of the tension test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser TENSION TEST 124. ‘Tension test specimens shall fit the holders ofthe testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial 12.2. ‘The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the tension testo the instant of fracture shall be nat less than 15 seconds for test specimen A and not less than 20 seconds for spesimens B and C, 13. NUMBER OF TESTS AND RETESTS: 18.1 ‘The tension test shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM B 8VE 8M, TS4h M1056 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the Ameren Asscition of Ste High an Trenspitin Oi Allright reserved: Duplcaton isa vstaton ape.132. 133. 13.4, 135, 136, ‘One tension test shall be performed on each Jot and shall conform to the tensile equitements specified, the results oFa valid test fil to conform tothe requirements ofthis specification, two retests shall be made. If either retest falls to meet the specification requirements, the castings represented by these fest specimens shall be rejected. A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properly prepared and appears to be sound and on whieh the approved test procedure has been followed. ‘sufficient cat tet pieces are not available, the manufaeturee shall have the option of removing & {est specimen from a location of representative casting, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. Ifthe first test results indicate that a heat-treatment is needed to mect the tes requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative test specimens shal be heat-treated together, Testing shall proceed in accordance with Sections 13.1 through 13.4 If, after testing, atest specimen shows evidence ofa defect, the results ofthe test may be invalidated and another test made on a speeimen from the same lot 14. 144 144.4 14.42. 14.13. 14.14. 182. 143. 144. ‘SAMPLING A Jot shall consist of one ofthe following: All the metal poured from a single heating All the metal from two or more batch type melting furnaces poured into a single ladle ora single exsting. All the metal poured from a continuous melting furnace fora given period of time between changes in charge, processing conditions, or sim-for chemistry, or 4 hours, whichever is the shorter petiod ‘The purchaser may agree to extend the four-hour time period to eight hours ithe manufacturer can demonstrate sufficient process control to watrant such aa extension. One ladle of iron having a mass of more then 910 kg (2000 Ib), ‘When an individual casting is poured from more than one ladle of ion, or when the iron for that ‘is melted in more than one melting unit or from a different melt ora different type of the same melting unit, or ot, the iron fom each melting uni, melt, or type of charge charge shall be considered a different lo ‘When more than one lot of iron is used to pour a single eastng, the iron in each ot must conform {o this specification, When an individual casting is poured with iron melted in more than one melting unit or from more ‘than one melt or type of charge in the same melting unit, and when the irons from the different sources are mixed together thoroughly in a ladle before the casting is poured, the mixed ron in that ladle may be considered alot, TS-4h 105-7 ‘AASHTO. (©2011 bythe Arpercan Astoaton of State Highvay al Transporation Of. Allighs vsevea Duplizaton is valtono pleble15. 16.1 16.4.4 15.4.2. INSPECTION Unless otherwise specified inthe contractor purchase order, the supplier/manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out all the tests and inspections required by this specification, using purchaser approved reliable facilities, and shall maintain complete records of all such tests and inspections, Such records shall be available for review by the purchaser, ‘Two separate and alternative bases of aceeptance are permitted. Ifthe producing foundry is located within the United States of Ameria, and operates in accordance with an acceptable Quality System approved by the purchaser, ll castings must adhere to the inspection erteia listed in Section 15.1.1 Ifthe producing foundry isnot located within the United States of America, or if the producing foundry is located within the United States of America and it isnot operating in accordance with an acceptable Quality System approved by the purchaser, alleastings must adhere to the inspection eritera listed in Seetion 15.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Separately Cast Test Bars—Before supplying any castings to a purchaser, the manufacturer mus fist submit fo the purchaser for aezeptance documentation that a Quality System isin place to ensuse material compliance. Thereafter, acceptability ofthe castings produced in accordance with this specification shall he by certification ofthe results of material tests conducted on separately cast test bars, and by inspection of the finished castings for freedom from defects. The manufacturer shall provide certification that the test bars furnished forthe testing represent the castings furished for the order. I'there are mote than thee test bar failures in one calendar year, the producing facility shall immediately report the thre failing test results to the purchaser and shall diseontinue supplying peoduet. In orde for the producing foundry to ‘resume supplying product, documentation that anew Quality System isin place to ensure material ‘compliance must be submitted to and accepted by the purchaser. The purchaser shall also have the ‘option of allowing production under Section 15.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Cast-On Test Bars—A test bat for determining the class of iron shall bbe easton each member al w place wher it can be easly broken off witha breakage patern| remaining on the member. Test bars are only to be removed afte receipt of permission from the purchaser. Test bars shall be of sufliient size to produce a machined test specimen complying ‘ih the dimensional requirements for a Type B test bar as shown in Table 2. For [ots of 15 ot ewer, 30 pervent of the test bars selected at random from castings shale tested by the suppliesfmanufactuer. For lots of 16 to 100, 10 percent or a minimum of 5 test bars, whichever is greater, selected at random from castings shall be tested by the supplier/manufacturer. For lots greater than 100, a minimum of 10 pereent of all test bars selected at random from castings shall be tested by the supplierfmanufacturer. Al test bars shall conform tothe strength requirements specified I any of those test bars fils to conform tothe strength requirements herein specified ‘because of surface or internal defeets, addtional testing shall be performed atthe direction of the purchaser. For lots of 1 or fewer, all remaining test bars must be tested, For larger lots, an additional 10 or 10 percent, whichever is greater, of the remaining test bars selected al random from the entte lot most be tested. Al test results from this additional testing must conform tothe strength requirements ofthis specification forthe lot of castings to be acceptable. Each casting that has atest bar removed from it and evaluated must be inspected for mass (weight) and dimensions by the suppliermanufactucer, Ifthe casting doesnot conform tothe mass (weight) and dimensional requirements, the casting will be rejected. Ia casting Fails to conform tothe mass (oveight) or dimensional requirements, all emaining eastings shall be inspected and all must, conform to the requirements fr the lt of castings to be acceptable, I the purchaser elects fo select a casting for verification of test results, the member shall be fummished by the supplier/manufaetuerat no cost tothe purchaser, All test specimen preparation sand testing shall be paid for by the supplier’manufacture. TS-4h M1058 ‘AASHTO '©2011by he American Asoiton f Sn Highway a Transportation Osc Allg rsewved Dupes ss vnalon eal a.16. 16.4 162 16.3 18.4. 185. CERTIFICATION ‘When specified by the purchaser's onder or contract, a manufacturer's ceriication or compliance satement thatthe easting or lot of castings was made, sampled, tested, and inspected in ‘cordance with this specification, including a report of test results signed by an authorized agent of the manufacture, shall be furnished at the time of shipment, and such certificat compliance statement shall be the basis for acceptance ofthe esting or lot of castings. A signature is not required on the certification or test report. However, the document shall clearly identify the organization submiting the certification and the authorized agent of the manufacturer ‘who certified the test results, Novwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the certification is responsible for its content. ‘When castings are produced at one manufacturer and labeled withthe name of another organization or manufacture, the original certifications shall be from the foundry that produced casting. The certification Shall clearly identify the manufacturer, the physical location ofthe ‘that produced the casting, and the organization the castings were produced for. The ‘document shall clearly identify the authorized agent for the manufacturer and the authorized agent ‘of the organization the castings were produced for. Any testing conducted by the supplier shal be certified by the supplier and provided to the purchaser. All test results as required by this specication shall be maintained by the manufacturer for seven ‘years and shall be mace available to the purchaser upon request. All unbroken test bars shall be ‘Stored and maintained by the manufacturer or supplier for a minimum of three years and shall be ‘made availabe to the purchaser upon request Records of casting certifications issued by the manufacturer shall be maintained by the _manufacturr for seven years and shall be made available tothe purchaser upon request 17. 174 172, PRODUCT MARKING ‘When te sizeof the easing permits, each individual casting shall be identified by the following: name ofthe manufacturer, country of manufacture, AASHTO or ASTM designation, class by number followed by a letter indicating the minimum tensile strength and size of test bar, heat identification and cast date (MM/DD/YY), casting lettering as required by the purchaset, and the ‘markings as required to meet federal requirements. iron for the casting is melted and poured at one foundry’ an labeled with the name of another organization, manufacturer, ot foundty, the easing shall Include the name ofthe producing foundry and the organization the easting is produced for. The name af the producing foundry shall, be east onto the casting with lettering of equal size and in clase proximity tothe name of the organization the eastng is produced for. Ths lettering shall be cast so that the producing foundry ‘and the organization the cating is produced for can be easily identified from the same side ofthe casting, The casting shal also include all markings listed in Section 17.1. 18. 184. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY Unless otherwise stated inthe contract or onc, the cleaning, preservation, and packing of castings for shipment shall be in aecordance with the manufacturer's commercial practice, Packaging and ‘marking shall also be adequate to identify the contents and to ensure acceptance and safe delivery by the carter forthe mode of transportation employed, TS4h 1069 ‘AASHTO ©2011 by the Amerinn Association of tte hay and Tranpottion Of All ih served: Duplcton i ilaton of apple av.182. US. Government Procurement—When specified in the contractor purchase order, marking for shipment shall be in accordance with the requirements of Fed Std. No, 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for military activites. 19. 494 KEYWORDS Gray ion castings APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) x1. x12. x13. x1.3.1. x14. X15. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS ‘The mechanical properties of iron castings ae influenced by the cooling rate during and after soliditicaton, by chemical composition (particularly carbon equivalent, by the design of the casting, by the design and nature of the mold, by the location and effectiveness of gates and risers, and by certain other factors ‘The cooling rate in the mold and, hence, the properties developed in any particular section are influenced by the presence of cores; chill and chaples; changes in section thickness; and the ‘existence of bosses, projections, and intersections, such as junctions of ribs and bosses. Because of ‘the eomplenty ofthe interactions of these actors, no precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties ofthe ion in various locations of the same casting ot between the properties ofa casting and those ofa test specimen east from the same iron, When such a relationship is important and must be known for a specification application, it may be determined Gray iron castings in Classes 20,25, 30, and 35 are characterized by excellent machinability, high damping capacity, low modulus of elasticity, and comparative ease of manufacture. ‘Castings in Classes 40, 45, $0, $5, and 60 are usually more difficult to machine, have lower damping capacity, a higher modulus of elasticity, and are more difficult to manufacture. ‘When reliable information is unavailable onthe relationship between properties ina casting and those in a separately cas! test specimen, and where experimentation would be unfeasible, the size fof the test casting should be selected so as to approximate the thickness ofthe main or controlling, section of the easing Itiron castings are welded (Section 9.2), the microstructure of the iron i usually altered, particulary in the vicinity of the weldment. Therefore, the properties ofthe casing may be adversely affected by welding. Where practical, appropriate post weld heat-treatment may reduce this effect of welding. * Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA. 19111-8094, Attn: NPODS, TS-4h M4 105-10 "AASHTO (©2011 by he Aeron Asoriston of Ste High and Transportation Ol Allright resend: Dupiton ea vsnton of apenasStandard Specification for Bronze Castings for Bridges and Turntables AASHTO Designation: M 107-09 ASTM Designation: B 22-08 The AASHTO equivalent of thi specification has been discontinued. Please refer to ASTM B 22-08 forthe information formerly contained in thie standard. TS-4h 107-1 “AASHTO (©2011 by the Amoi Association of Sat Highay sd Teaspoon OfStandard Specification for Wrought Copper-Alloy Bearing and Expansion Plates and Sheets for Bridge and Other Structural Use AASHTO Designation: M 108-09 ASTM Designation: B 100-08 The AASHTO equivalent of thie specification has been discontinued. Please refer to ASTM B 100-08 forthe information formerly contained inthis standard. Mi08t ‘AASHTO 182011 bythe American Assosition of late High and Traspatatin Ff, Allighs sewed Duplcaon isa vilaian of apple a. Ts-4h =Standard Speci ication for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products AASHTO Designation: M 111M/M 111-14 ASTM Designation: A 123/A 123M-09 1. 44. 1.2. 13, 14. 18, 16. ‘SCOPE ‘This specification covers the requirements for zine costing (galvanizing) by the hot-ip process on iron and steel products made from rolled, pressed and forged shapes, casings, plates, bats, and strips This specification covers both unfabricated products and fabricated products, for example, assembled stool products, strutural sto! fabrications, large tubes already bent or welded before galvanizing, and wite work fabricated from uncoated steel wire. This specification also covers steel forgings and iron castings incorporated ino pieces fabricated before galvanizing or which tare too large to be eentrifuged (or otherwise hanled to remove excess galvanizing bath metal. Note 4—this specification covers those products previously addressed in M 111-80, ASTM ‘A.123-78, and ASTM A 386-78 This specification does not apply to wire, pipe, ube, or ste! sheet that is galvanized on specialized or continuous lines o fo steel less than 0,76 ram [22 gauge (0.0299 in] thick ‘The galvanizing of hardware items that are to be centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove exeess zine (such as bolts and similar threaded fasteners; castings; and rolled, pressed, andl forged items) shall be in accordance with M 232MM 232, Fabricated reinforcing steel bar assemblies are covered by the present specification, The -ealvanizing of separate reinforcing stool bars shall be in accordance with ASTM A 767/A 767M. “This specification is applicable to orders in either SI units (as M I11M) ot inch-pound units (as M111). SI units and inch-pound units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text ofthis specification and where appropriate, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. Each system shall be used independently ofthe other without combining values in any way. In the ease of orders in SI ‘units, all testing and inspection shall be done using the metric equivalent of the test or inspection ‘method as appropriate, In the case of orders in SI units, such shall be stated tothe galvanizer when the order is placed, TS4h Matra 14 "AASHTO. (©2011 byte America Asin f Stat High ad Tamspacation Ota,24 22, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AASHTO Standards: mM 232M/M 232, Zine Coating (Hot-Dip) on Ion and Steel Hardware 1 TOSM/T 65, Mass [Weight] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zine or Zine-Alloy Coatings ASTM Standards: 1 AATIA 47M, Standard Specification for Ferrite Malleable Iron Castings A.143/A 13M, Standard Practice for Safeguarding Ageinst Embrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structral Steel Products and Procedure for Deteeting Embrittlement mA 284/A 384M, Standard Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During HotDip Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies m_A.385/A 385M, Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality Zine Coatings (Hot-Dip) SA ISIA 769M, Simi Speceaton for Zine Coed (Galrzed) Stes Bus for Conrets Reinforcement | A 7RO/A 780M, Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings mA 902, Standard Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Produets mB 6, Standard Specification for Zine ‘mB 487, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Meta and Oxide Ci Microscopical Examination of Cross Section ‘mB 602, Standard Test Method for Adrbute Sampling of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings ‘mB 960, Standard Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled (PWG-R) Zine mM F.376, Standard Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Feld or Eddy- ‘Current (Electromagnetic) Examination Methods 1g Thickness by 3. 3 32. 324. 322. 3.23, TERMINOLOGY Definitions ‘The following terms and definitions are specific to this specication, ASTM A 902 contains other terms and definitions relating to metallic-coated stel products. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: average coating thickness, n—the average of tree specimen coating thicknesses, ‘lack, adj—denotes the condition of not galvanized or otherwise coated. For purposes ofthis specification, the word “black” does not refer tothe color or condition of surface, or to a surface ws. xc pacino mas mesa ey ‘Spree mat a i eto Cosy ‘hbhes on Ta we. ao eaten te Gal ee opecine a) muat teva Mima ae Corgis as Tae ‘Single Spacinen Atlee Pte woe Suace ee eu ahs a 700000 rn 0 ‘aos eon tnt as Eco cen psa ge rete imme Csi Tt mas 1h ingle-and Multi-Specimen Articles 3.27. sample, na collection of individual units of product from a single fot selected in accordance with Section 7, and intended to represent that lot for acceptance. Ifa sample is taken as representing the fot for acceptance, the sample shall be taken af random from the lot without regard tothe perceived quality or appearance of any individual unit in che lot being sampled. The sample consists of one or more tes articles. 3.28. single-specinen article, n—a unit of product the surface area of which is equal to oF less than 100 000 mm [160 i.*] or that is centrifuged or otherwise similarly handled inthe galvanizing process to remove excess galvanizing bath metal (fee zine). For thickness testing purposes, the entire surface area of each unit of product constitutes a specimen. In the case of any such article TS-4h MatiMaN 111-4 “AASHTO (©2011 by the Amiens Associ of Ste igh an Trenptatin Of Aight reserved: Dupleaton ia ilaton of aptetea.containing mote than one material category or steel thickness ange as delineated in Table 1, that article will contain more than one specimen. (See Figure 1.) 329, specimen, n—the surface of an individual test atile ot a portion of a test article upon which thickness measurements are to be performed, which isa member of lot or a member ofa sample representing that lot, For magnetic thickness measurements, specimen excludes any atea of the ‘surface that is subject to processes (eg, flame cutting, machining, threading, ete.) that can be ‘expected to result in surface conditions not representative ofthe general surface condition ofthe test atiele, of is disqualified by the measurement method, The minimum average coating thickness grade for any specimen shall be one coating grade below that required forthe appropriate material category and thickness in Table I, Fora unit of product with surface area ‘equal to or less than 100 000 mm [160 in." the entire surface area of each test article constitutes ‘a specimen, In the case ofan article containing more than one material eategory or ste thickness ‘ange as delineated in Table I, that article wll contain more then one specimen, as appropriate. (See Figure L) 3.2.10. specimen coating thickness, n—the average thickness from no fewer than five test mest ‘on aspocimen, when each measurement location is selected to provide the widest disper applicable ditections) of locations forthe ste! eategory ofthe tes article within the confines of the specimen volume. 32.41 ‘est artile, n—an individual unit of product that is a member of the sample and that is examined for conformance to a part of this specification, 4 ORDERING INFORMATION 44 ‘Orders For coatings provided under this specification shall include the following: 44a Quantity (eumber of pieces to be galvanized) and total mass; 442. Description (type and size of products) and mass; 443. AASHTO specifieation designation and year of issue; 4a, ‘Matera identification (Seetion 5.1) und surface condition or contamination; AAS. Sampling plan, ifdiferent from Section 7.3; 416. Special test requirements (Section 8.1); 4a, Special requirements (special stacking, heavier ating mass, ete); and 4418, ‘Tagging or pieve identifeation method. 5. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 54 ‘Steel or Iron ~The specication, grade, or designation ao type and degree of surface ‘contamination ofthe iron or steal in articles tobe galvanized shall be supplied by the purchaser to the hot-ip galvanizer prior to galvanizing Tah MIMI 117-5 AASHTO {©2011 by he Aeris Asoiton of State Highony a Tampon Oil Allright rsrvesDupliaton ba Voiaton of ape a.Note 2—The presence in steels and weld metal, in certain perventages, of some elements such as silicon, carbon, and phosphorus tends to accelerate the growth ofthe zinc-ran alloy layer so that the coating may have a matte finish with litle or no outer zine layer. The galvanizer has only control over this condition. The mass, shape, and amount of cold working of the product being galvanized may also affect this condition. ASTM A 385/A 385M provides guidance on steel selection and discusses the effects of various elements in steel compositions (for example, silicon) ‘that influence coating mass and appearance. 52. Fabrication ~The design and fabrication ofthe product to be galvanized are the responsibilities of the designer and the fabricator. ASTM A 143, ASTM A 384, and ASTM A 385/A 385M provide _Buidance for steel fabrication for optimum hotdip galvanizing and shal be complied within both and fabrication. Consultation among the designer, fabrieator, and galvanizerat appropriate stages inthe design and fabrication process will reduce future problems. 53. Castings —The composition and heat treatment of iron and steel castings shall conform to specifications designated by the purchaser, Some types of castings have been known to show potential problems with predisposition to being embritied during the normal thecmal cycle of ‘hotdip galvanizing. Iti the responsibility of the purchaser to heat-treat or otherwise allow forthe possibilty of such embritling phenomena. The requirements for malleable iron castings to be ‘galvanized shall be as stated in ASTM A 47. 84, Zine—The zine used inthe galvanizing bath shall conform fo ASTM B 6 or ASTM B 960, ot both, Ifa zine alloy is used as the primary feed tothe galvanizing bat, then the base material used to make that alloy shall conform to ASTM B 6 or ASTM B 960, or both 56. ‘Bath Composition —The molten metal inthe Working volume ofthe galvanizing bath shall contain not less than an average value of 98.0 pereent zine by mass. Note 3—The galvanizer may choose to add trace amounts of certain elements (for example, ‘aluminum, nick, snd tn) to the zine bath to help in the processing of certain reactive steels orto ‘enhance the cosmetic appearance of the finished product, The use ofthese trae elements is permitted provided thatthe bulk chemistry ofthe galvanizing bath is atleast 98.0 pereent zine by ‘mass, The elements can be added to the galvanizing bath as part of a prealloyed zinc feed, or they ‘cane added tothe bath by the galvanizer using a master feed alloy. COATING PROPERTIES 64 Coating Thickness —The average thickness of coating forall specimens fested shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 for the categories and thicknesses ofthe material being galvanize “Minimum average thickness of coating for any individual specimen is one coating grade Tess that that required in Table 1. Where prodvets consisting of various material thicknesses or eatepories are galvanized, the coating thickness grades for each thickness range and material category of ‘material shall be as shown in Table I Inthe case of orders in SL units, the values in Table shall be applicable as metric units in micrometers. Inthe ease of orders in ineh-pound units, the measured value shall be converted to coating grade units by the use of Table 2. The specification of coating thicknesses heavier than those required by Table I shall be subjeet to mutual agreement between the gulvanizer and purchaser. Figure 2 is a graphie representation ofthe surmpling and specimen delineation steps, and Figure 3 isa graphic representation of the coating thickness inspection steps.) TS4h MATiMI 116 ‘AASHTO {©2011 by he Amen Asscitin of Sine igh and Teanpettion Olas Al ih esrved: Duplication sa vlan o apes laTable 2—Coating Thickness Grade Conting Grade mm git ‘ils oa 3 = 2 Tt a8 4s 4s a0 1s 10 » * oss 20 2 ss ss 380 22 3 © o os 2a 4 6 6 40 26 1s 1s % 530 30 7 » » sas a o 8s s 0 au 20 100 100 0s a9 23 [i psn onto nbn he Cong Ge Torvalen coca ge lng l= pm OOH, on ohm One tsps. —4 - A D C D Somcinen eninen specnan nite tape cnn iy il fe ee uf iA niin fe mms ebm wi ee ‘encspcina ry ope win oe pl ep ar mat a pose prea cong bens Win at Figure 2—Arlicles Made of Many Components Sah MATIN TTT (©2011 by he Ameen Associaton of Sate Highvay and Transportation Oils Ali eserved: Duplication es baon a aplete a. "AASHTO.‘Select Test ras ‘cording to Sanping =| Pian (The Sample) Test ‘tle Ft ne Inepact ach Matera Single Materit eshte) Caagory Separately ‘ele Sura he ‘One Specimen fare > 100000 me ks por Test Ar Teal each Specimen ‘Nicleio Tiree | >| for Compliance wth ‘Speciman ‘Seton 81 ach Specine ‘vg. Comps ith Seeton 6: Figure 3—Coating Thickness Inspection Steps 6414. Forarticles with surface area greater than 100 000 mm (160 in (muii-spectmen articles) each test article in the sample must meet the appropriate minimum average coating thickness grade ‘requirements of Table 1, and each specimen coating thickness grade comprising that overall ‘average for each test article shall average not less than one coating grade below that required in ‘Table | TS4n MITA TTS "AASHTO. ©2011 by the Areca Associtin of Sate High ant Transportation Otis, ‘Allis revered: Duplo sa vinlavon a applica62. 62.4 622, 623. articles with sueface area equal to or less than 100 000 mm? [160 in} (single-specimen articles), the average ofall (est articles in the sample must meet the sppropriate minimum average coating thickness grade requirements of Table 1, and foreach test article, its specimen coating {thickness shall be not less than one coating grade below that required in Table L ‘No individual measurement, or cluster of measurements at the same general location, on atest specimen shall be eause for ejection under the coating thickness requirements of this specification provided that when those measurements are averaged with the other dispersed measurements to ‘determine the specimen coating thickness erade for that specimen, the requirements of Sections 6.1.1 oF 6.12, as appropriate, are mel Note 4—The coating thickness grades in Table 1 represent the minimum value obtainable with a high level of confidence forthe ranges typically found in each material category. While most coating thicknesses will be in excess of those values, some materials in each category may be less reactive (for example, because of chemistry or surface condition) than other materials othe steel category spectrum. Therefore, some articles may have a coating grade ator close tothe minimum requirement shown in Table I. In suck eases, the precision and accuracy of the coating thickness ‘measuring technique should be taken into consideration when rejecting such articles for coating thickness below that required by this specification, Purchasers desiring a guarantee of heavier codlings than the miaitnunn thicknesses shown hevein should use the special requirements (Section 4.1.6) to specify coating thickness grades higher than those shown in Table 1. In adit the purchaser should anticipate the nee for test batches or xtra preparation steps or both, such as blasting before galvanizing or other methods, to attempt to reach the higher requirements with consisteney. Some higher-than-standard thicknesses may be impractical or unattainable. Finish—The coating shall be continuous (except as provided below, and as reasonably smooth and uniform in thickness asthe mass, siz, shape ofthe item, and necessary handling ofthe item during the dipping and draining operations at the galvanizing kettle will permit. Except for local exeess coating thickness, which would interfere withthe use of the product or make it dangerous to handle (edge tears oF spikes), rejection for nonuniform costing shall he made only for plainly visible excess coating not related to design factors suchas holes, joints, or special drainage problems. (See Note 6.) Since surface smoothness isa relative tem, minor roughness that does not interfere with the intended use of the product, or roughness that i related fo the asreceived (ungalvanized) surface condition, steel chemistry, or ste! reactivity to zine shall not be grounds for rejection (See Note 7.) Surface conditions related to deficiencies related to design, detailing, ‘or fabrication as addressed by ASTM A 385/A 385M shall not be prounds for rejection, The zine threaded components of aticles galvanized under tis specification shall conform to sd in M 232M/M 232, Surfaces that remain uncoated after galvanizing shall be ‘accordance with the methods in ASTM A 780/A 780M, unless directed by the purchaser to leave the uncoated areas untreated for subsequent renovation by the purchaser. ach area subject to renovation shall be 25 mun [1 in. or less in its narrowest dimension, ‘The total area subject to renovation on each article shall be no ore dha one half of 1 percent oF the accessible surface area to bo costed on that article or 26 mm* per kg [36 in per ton] of piece ‘mass, whichever i ess. Note 5 —Inaovessible surface areas are those that cannot be reached for appropriate surface ‘preparation and application of repair materials as deseribed in ASTM A 780V/A 780M. Such inaccessible areas, for example, Would be the internal surfaces of certain tanks, poles, pipes, tubes, ‘and so forth, “The thickness of renovation shall be that require by the thickness grade forthe appropriate material category and thickness range in Table | in accordance with the requirements of TS-4h MatiMIM 111-9 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Ameri Assciation of Site High a Transportation Of Altri reserved Dopeton va sson of apes a624 63. ea. 65. Section 6.1, except that for renovation using zine paint, the thickness of renovation shall be ‘50 percent higher than that required by Table 1, but not greater than 100 um (4.0 mil} ‘When areas requiring renovation exceed the criteria previously provided or are inaccessible for repair, the coating shall be rejected Note 6—The requirements forthe finish ofa galvanized product address themselves to a visual type of inspection, They do not address the matter of measured coating thickness variations that cea be encountered because of different stecls or different thicknesses of a given steel being used inan assembly. Note 7—Items tha are propared for galvanizing by abrasive cleaning will generally develop a thicker coating with a moderately rougher surface. ‘Threaded Components in Assemblies—Tho zine coating on external threads shall not be subjected to. cuting, rolling, or finishing tool operation, unless specifically authorized by the purchase. Internal threads are not prohibited from being tapped or repped ater galvanizing. Coatings shall, ‘conform tothe requirements of M 232M/M 232, Appearance—Upon shipment irom the galvanizing facility, galvanize articles shall be fre from "uncoated areas, blisters, flux deposits, and gross dross inclusions. Lumps projetions, globules, or heavy deposits of zine that will interfere with the intended use ofthe material will not be Permitted. Plain holes of 12.5-mm [/-in] diameter or more shall be clean and reasonably free from excess zine, Marks inthe zine coating caused by tongs or other items used in handling the article during the galvanizing operation shall not be cause for rejection unless such marks have ‘exposed the base metal and the bare metal areas have exceeded allowable maximums from Sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. The pieces shall he hundled so tat after galvanizing they will not freeze together on cooling, Note 8 Depending upon product design or material thickness or both, ming or excess zine buildup in plain holes of less than 12.5-m ['/in,] diameter may oceur that requites additional work to make the holes usable as intended. Adherence The zine coating shall withstand handling consistent with the nature and thickness of the coating and the normal use of the article without peeling or faking. Note 9—Although some materi may be formed after galvanizing, in general the zine coating on the articles covered by this specication is too heavy to permit severe bending without damaging, the coating, 7A. 72, ‘SAMPLING ‘Sampling of each lot shal be performed for conformance with the requirements of (his specification, ‘A lot isa unit of production or shipment from which a sample is taken for testing. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the galvanizer and the purchaser, or established within this specification, the lt shall be as follows: for testing ata galvanizer’sfaclity alot is one or more articles of the same type and size comprising a single order ora single delivery load, whichever is the smaller, or any numberof articles identified as alot by the galvanizer, wien these have been galvanized within single production shit and inthe same bath. For test by purchaser after delivery, the lot consists ofthe single order or the single delivery load, whichever isthe smaller, ‘unless the lot identity, established in aecordance with the above, is maintained and clearly indicated inthe shipment by the galvanize TS4h MIT T1710 ‘AASHTO {©2012 bythe Ameticn Asotin of Ste ighy and Tenspetton Oil ‘Aili ered Duplcaton isa vlan of wpa bv.73, ‘he method of selection and numberof test specimens shall be agreed upon between the sglvanizer and the purchaser. Otherwise, the test specimens shall be selected at random from eaeh lot. In this ease, the minimum number of specimens ftom each lt shall be as follows: Number of Peses Number of Lot Specimens Serle ‘440500 3 soi 1200 5 201193 290 * 312011010000 B 10001 and over 20 Note 10--Where a number of identical items are tobe galvanized, a statistical sampling plan may be desired, Such a plan is contained in ASTM B 602, which addresses sampling procedures forthe inspection of electrodeposited metallic coatings and related finishes. If ASTM B 602 is used, the level of sampling shall be agreed upon between the galvanizer and the purchaser atthe time the coating order is placed, 74, ‘A test specimen that fils to conform to a requirement ofthis specification shall not be used to determine the conformance to other requirements. 8. TEST METHODS 84 ‘Text Requirements—The following tests shall be conducted to ensure thatthe zine coating is being, furnished in accordance with his specification, The specifying oftests for adhesion and embrittlement shall be subject to mutual agreement between the galvanizer and purchaser. Visual inspection of the coating shall be made for compliance with the requirements. 82. ‘Thickness of Coating Test—The thickness of coating is determined by one or more of the three methods deseribed as follows: B24. Magnetic Thickness Measurements—The thickness ofthe coating shall be determined by magnetic thickness gauge measurements in aecordance with ASTM E 376 unless the methods deserbed in Scotions 82.2, 82.3, or 82.4 are used. For each specimen (as described in Section 3.2.9), five or ‘rore measurements shall be made at points widely dispersed throughout the volume occupied by the specimen sos to vepresent, as much as is practical, the entire surface area of the test specimen, The average of five or more measurements thus made foreach specimen isthe specimen coating thickness e244 Foratticles with surface area greater than 100 000 mm? [160 in] (mult-specimen articles as ‘eseribed in Section 3.2.6, the average ofthe thee specimen coating thickness grades comprising, tach test artile isthe average coating thickness for that test atile. A specimen must be evaluated for cach stel category and material thickness within the requirements foreach specimen ofthe test article, 2412 Foratticles with surface area equal to or less than 100 000 mm? [160 in] (single-specimen articles as described in Section 3.2.8), the average of all specimen coating thickness grades is the average coating thickness forthe sample. TS4th ATM 111-11 ‘AASHTO (©2011 bythe America Asin fae High and Tansportion Oia Allright excvedDupcston ra vsetan of pleas82.4.3. e244, 822. 8224 823, 8234 24, 8244 828, 228.4 Inthe case of threaded components, the thickness of coating shall be made on portion ofthe artile that does not include any threads. The use of magnetic measnrement methods is appropriate for larger articles and is appropriate for smaller artiles when thee is sufTieient fat surface atea forthe probe tip to sit at on the surface using ASTM F376. Stripping Method—The average mass of coating shall be determined by sipping atest atile, a specimen removed from test article, ora group of tes articles in the case of very smal tems seh as nals, etc, in accordance with T 65MV/T 65 unless the methods described in Sections 8.21, 8.2.3, of 8.2.4 are used, The mass of coating per unit area thus determined is converted to equivalent coating thickness values in accordance with Table 2 (rounding up or down appropriate). The thickness of coating this oblained is the tes article coating thickness or in the case of a specimen removed from a test article, isthe specimen average coating thickness. ‘The “stripping method” is a destruetive test and is appropriate for single-specimen articles, but is not practical for muli-specimen articles. Determining the Mass Before and After Galvanizing —The average mass of coating shall be determined by using the mass of the articles before and after galvanizing subtracting the first mass {rom the second and dividing the result by the surface area unless the methods described in Seations 8.21, 82.2, or 8.2.4 are used, The first mass shall he determined after pickling and drying and the second after cooling to ambient temperature. The mass of coating per unit area thus determined is converted to equivalent coating thickness values according to Table 2 (rounding up ‘or down as appropriate) The thickness of coating thus obtained isthe test article coating, thickness. ‘The “determining the mass before and after” method is appropriate for single-specimen articles, but is not practical for multi-specimen articles. Note 11—Neither the “stripping method” nor the “determining the mass before and after” ‘method takes into account the mass of iron reacted from the article that is incorporated into the coating, Thus, the methods may underestimate coating mass (and therefore the ealeulated thickness) by up o 10 pereent. The accuracy of both methods will be influenced by the accuracy with whieh the surface area of the articles tested can be determined. Micrascopy-—Tho thickness of coating shall he determined by cross-sectional and optical surement in accordance with ASTM B 487 unless the methods described in Sections 8.2.1, 8.2.2, or 82.3 are used, The thickness thus determined is @ point value. No fewer than five such ‘measurements shall be made at locations on the test article and shal be as widely dispersed ws practical so as tobe representative of the whole surface of the test article. The average ofno fewer than five such measurements is the specimen coating thickness. ‘The microscopy method is a destructive test and is appropriate for single-specimen articles, but is not practical for muli-specimen atiles Referee Method —In the event of a dispute over thickness of coating measurements, the dispute shall be resolved as follows: For multi-specimen articles, a new sample shall be taken randomly from the lot of material, whieh has twice the number of test articles asthe sample that failed to conform to this specification. IF the lot size is such that the sample size cannot be doubled, then the sample size shall be as previous, but the number of widely dispersed sites at which measurements were made shall be doubled, and these sites will constitute the new sample. This new sample shall be measured using TS-4h Ta TTMinNd T1112 "AASHTO (©2011 ty he American Asaiation of State Highvay and Tranpottion Ocal ‘Allright reseed Dupiznton ia vison of opel aw8252, as, 84, ‘magnetic thickness gauges that have been calibrated for accuracy against reference material thickness standards. I the lt is found to be nonconforming by the new sample, the galvanizer has the right to sot the lot for conforming articles by individual test, o regalvanize nonconforming articles, orto renovate the nonconforming articles in accordance with Section 6.2, For single-specimen aticles, a new sample shall be taken randomly from the fot of material, which hhas twice the number of test articles as the sample that failed to conform to this specification. The test method forthe new sample shall be selected by mutual agreement between the purchaser and ‘galvanize. Ifthe lot is found to be nonconforming by the new sample, the galvanizer has the right to sort the fot for conforming articles by individual test, to regalvanize nonconforming articles, oF to renovate the nonconforming articles in accordance with Section 6.2. Adesion—Determine adhesion ofthe zine coating to the surface ofthe base metal by cutting or prying withthe point ofa stout knife applied with considerable pressure in a manner tending to remove a portion ofthe coating, The adhesion shall be considered inadequate if the coating flakes ‘offi the form ofa layer of the coating so as to expose the base metal in advanee ofthe knife point, Do not use testing carried out at edges comers (points of lowest coating adhesion) t0 determine adhesion of the coating, Likewise, donot use removal of small particles of the coating by paring or whiting to determine failure Embritlement—Test for embrittlement shall be made in accordance with ASTM A 143. These tests shall not bo required unless strong evidence of embritlement is present. an 92, 93. 9, as. INSPECTION, REJECTION, AND RETEST Inspection by he Gavanizer—Itis the responsibilty ofthe galvanizer to ensure compliance with {his specification, This shall be achieved by an in-plant inspection program designed to maintain the coating thickness, Finish, and appearance within the requirements of ths specification unless the inspection is performed in accordance with Section 9.2 Inspection by the Purehaser—The purchaser shall acceptor reject material by inspection ether ‘through the galvanizes's inspector, the purchaser's inspector, or an independent inspector. The inspector representing the purchaser shall have access a all times to those areas ofthe galvanizer's facility that concer the application of the zine coating to the material ordered while work on the ‘contact ofthe purchaser is being performed. The galvanizer shall afford the inspector all reasonable faites to satisfy him that the zine coating i being funished in accordance with this specification. Location —The material shall be inspected atthe galvanizer’s plant prior to shipment, However, bby agreement, the purchaser is not prohiited from making tests that govern the acceptance or tgjection ofthe materials in his own laboratory or elsewhere, Reingpection—When inspection of materials to determine conformity with visual requirements of Section 6.2 warrants rejection of a lot, the galvanizer isnot prohibited from sorting the lot and ‘submiting it once again for acceptance after he has removed any nonconforming articles and replaced them with conforming articles. “The sampling plan that was used when the lot was first inspected shall be used for resampling of sorted lot. By mutual agreement, the galvanizer isnot prohibited from submitting the lot ‘remaining after sorting and removing nonconforming articles without replacement of the ‘nonconforming articles. In such ease the now-smaller lt shall ho treated as anew lot for purposes ‘of inspection and acceptance TS-4h Ma TtIMI 111-13 ‘AASHTO (©2011 bythe Ameria Association of Stat High and Transporation Of Alright eserves Dupin ra vilaton apie a96. ‘Materials that have been rejected for reasons other than embritlement are not prohibited from being steipped and regelvanized and again submitted for inspection and test at which time they shall eonform tothe requirements of this specification, 10. CERTIFICATION 10.4 ‘When specified inthe purchase order or contract, the purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples representing each lot have been either tested or inspected as directed by this specification and the requirements have been met. When specified in the purchase order or contact, a report of the test resus shall be furnished, 1. KEYWORDS 14 Coatings, zine; galvanized coatings; ste! products, metallic coated; zine coatings, steel produ. TS4h Ma TTA MiM T1114 AASHTO (©2011 by the American Asoiato of Sate High and Tansporaton Oc. All ih reserved Dalton sa vlaton of apa aStandard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) AASHTO Designation: M 114-10 ASTM Designation: C 62-08 The AASHTO equivalent of this specification hos been discontinued. Please refer 10 ASTM C 62-08 forthe information formerly contained in tis standard. {©2011 by the Amerson Assosinton of ite ish and Transporation ial | TS-4a wited "AASHTO Ai igs eatrved Dpto alton of apleaenStandard Specification for Zinc AASHTO Designation: M 120-08 ASTM Designation: B 6-07 The AASHTO equivalent of thi specification has been discontinued. Please refer to ASTM B 6-07 forthe information formerly contained inthis standard. TS-4h 1204 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the Amoi Assim of State High and Trangrtatian Beals Allright esrved: Dulcatn Isa ilo of apeStandard Specification for Preservatives and Pressure Treatment Processes for Timber AASHTO Designation: M 133-10 ‘SCOPE 14 This specification covers the wood preservatives, the preservative treatment processes, the results of treatment, the inspection and testing of preservatives and of treatment, and the identification of properly treated timber. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24. AASHTO Standards: MM 168, Wood Products 1m _T72, Saybolt Viscosity 22, ASTM Standards: 193, Standard ‘Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester 196-99 (1998), Standard Test Methods for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge ‘Method (Field Procedure) (Withdrawn 2000) D287, Standard ‘Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method) 1D 453-04 (2000)", Standard Test Method for Tar Acids in Creosote-Coal Tar Soh (Withdrawn 2006) 23. American Wood-Preservers” Association Standards: ' Al, Standard Methods for Analysis of Creosote and Oil-Type Preservatives 2, Standard Methods for Analysis of Waterbome Preservatives and Fire-Retardant Formulations m3, Standard Methods for Determining Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants Ad, Standard Methods for Sampling Wood Preservatives WAS, Standard Methods for Analysis of Oil-Borne Preservatives AG, Method for the Determination of Oil-Type Preservatives and Water in Wood AZ, Standard for Wet Ashing Procedures for Preparing Wood for Chemical Analysis m9, Standaral Method for Analysis of Treated Wood and Treating Solutions by X-ray Spectroscopy AI, Standard Method for Analysis of Treated Wood and ‘Treating Solutions by Atomic “Absorption Spectroscopy _A12, Wood Densities for Preservative Retention Caleulations m_AI3, Standard Method of Analysis for Acid Number of Naphthenic Acids in Copper ‘Naphthenate TS4e Mist ‘AASHTO. ©2011 by he Aoi Association of State ighnay and Tagen Oils, Al igh resuved Dulin ia lation of wpe neAI, Standard Method for Determination of Water-Extractable Copper in Copper "Naphthen Ammonium Compounds in Wood by 2-Phase _A2I, Standard Method for Analysis of Wood and Wood Treating Soltions by Inductively ‘Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry A28, Standard Method for Determination of Propiconazole and Tebuconazole in Wood, in Waterborne Formulations and in Treating Solutions by HPLC ‘ASI, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Solutions and Wood for Azoles by Gas ‘Chromatography (GC) ‘A37, Siandard for Determination of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Wood and Wood “Treating Solutions by Potentiometric Titration Using Sodium Tetraphenylborate [M2, Standard for Inspection of Treated Products Treated with Preservatives MB, Standard Quality Control Procedures for Wood Preserving Plants 'MA, Standard forthe Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products (M6, Brands Used on Forest Products PUP 13, Standard for Creosote Preservative 'P2, Standard for Creosote Solutions PS, Standard for Creosote-Petroleum Solution 4, Standard for Petroleum Oil for Blending with Creosote 5, Standard for Waterborne Preservatives Ps, Standard for Oil-Borne Preservatives P9, Standards for Solvents and Formulations for Organte Preservative Systems UL, Use Category System: User Specifcation for Treated Wood 24, Invernational Code Couneit-Bvaluation Service, ne. (ICC-ES): m AC326, Acceptance Criteria for Proprietary Wood Preservative Systems-Common Requirements for Treatment Process, Test Methods und Performance 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 34 Standards ofthe American Wood-Preservers’ Association (AWPA) and specified commercial standards ae incorporated herein by reference, Attention is called to the fact that ll preservatives are not equally effective on all species of wood or under all conditions of exposure. The engineer ‘preparing the plans and specifications should selest the type of preservatives, retentions, and species best suited for his purpose and eonditions. 32, Intemational Code Counel Evaluation Serviee, Inc. (ICC-FS) requirements and specified ‘commercial standards are incorporated herein by reference. Treated wood produet reports issued by the ICC-ES as Evaluation Service Reports (ESRs) must be current as posted onthe ICC-ES. website wrw.joe-es.org and in compliance with AC326, The treated wood product's report must allow forthe end-use that is required by the project speifications TIMBER QUALITY 4d ‘The properties ofthe timber selected for preservative treatment shal conform fo the requ of M 168, TS4e 1332 ‘AASHTO (©2011 by the American Associaton of Sate High and Teaspoon Oils Ai ihts reseed: Duplcalo ea vlan of apie a6. PRESERVATIVE QUALITY BA. “The following named preservatives are acceptable inthis specification. The properties shall be those set forth inthe referenced AWPA Standards: BAd. Creosote—P UP 13. 542, Creosote-Coal Tar Solution—P 2. 813, Creasote-Petroleum Solution~P 3. 514, Petroleum for Blending with Creosote—P 4 518. Penachlorophenol—P 8, 516. Solvents Used in Pentachloraphenol Solutions —P 9 BAT. Acid Copper ChromateP 5, 518, Ammoniacal Copper Zine Arsenate—P 5. 51.9. Chromated Copper Arsenate, Type C—P 5. 5.4.10. Anmoniacal Copper Quat, Type B—P 5. B44 Copper Naphthenate—P 8. 54142, Alkali Copper Quat, Type CP 5. 54.43, Copper Azole, Type A (CBd-A)—P 5. 8.1.14 Copper Azole, Type B (CA-B)—P 5. BAB. Alkaline Copper Quet, Type DPS. B16, Copper Azole, Type C (CACY S. B.A1.A7. Propiconazole Tebuconazole Imidactoprld (PED—P s 52, ‘he following preservative systems are acceptable by means of a published and current ICC-ES, ‘Roport (ESR) and are in compliance with AC326. 524 Micronized Copper Quaternary. 5.22. Micronized Copper Azole. 523. Dispersed Copper Azole Type C(yxCA-C). Ts4e 183-3 ‘AASHTO (©2011 ty the AmescanAnocnton of Sale Highty and Transportation Ofc Align reed Dupo na vation apie aw.PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT PROCESSES AND RESULTS ‘Wood products shall be treated in accordance withthe ICC-ES Evaluation Report or AWPA Standatd UI-Use Category System: User Specification for Treated Wood. A Use Category “appropriate fo the aplication shall be established in accordance with Standard Ul Sections 2 ‘and 3. Specific requirement for various commodities ean then be found in Section 6, Sawn Produets—U1, Section 6, Commodity Specification A (Includes all sawn posts and lumber), Round Timber Piting—U1, Section 6, Commodity Specification F. Round Poles—U11, Setion 6, Commodity Specification D (16 feet or longer). Round Posts-—U1, Sestion 6, Commodity Specification B (Less than 16 feet long). ‘Wood Compasites—U1, Section 6, Commodity Specification F (includes plywood), Field treatment of eus, holes and injuries to treated wood products shal be in accordance with, AWPA Standard M6, 7A 72 INSPECTION AND MARKING ‘Treatment shall conform to the quality requirements described in the ICC-ES Evaluation Report or AWPA M3-Standard Quality Control Procedures for Wood Preserving Plants. The wood treater ‘shall apply to each pieee of treated timber a legible brand, mark, or tag indicating the name of the ‘tcater and the specification symbol or specication requirements to which the treatment ‘conforms, Acceptable symbols of compliance shall be similar to brands listed in AWPA M6, or as ‘provided for in the plans or special provisions. ‘The engineer shall be provided adequate facilities and fre access to the necessary parts ofthe ‘cating plant for inspection of material, workmanship, and tating processes, to determine that the contract requirements are met. Inspection ofthe treatment and products shall conform tothe ‘requirements of AWPA M2-Standard for Inspection of Wood Products Treated with Preservatives. The engineer reserves the right to retest all materials after defivery to the jb site and to reject all materials that do not meet the requirements of the contract. Reinspection atthe job site may include assy to determine retention of preservatives and extraction and analysis of preservative to determine its quality METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING a4 “The sampling and testing of wood preservatives shall be in accordance with the following standard ‘methods of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), ‘the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), and the Ametican Wood-Preservers" “Association (AWPAY: BAA, Sampling Wood Preservatives —AWPA AS, 812 Specific Gravity a 38/15.5°C of Creosote Solution —AWPA Al. 84.3. Worer in Creasote—AWPA Al. TS Mw taaa ‘AASHTO (©2011 by he Ameria Association of Sate High and Tranpattion cis Allis esered Dapcton i aan a plea a8.4.10. aaa 8.4.12 8.13. 8.14. 8.1.16. 8.1.16. BA.17. 8.1.18. 8.1.19, Insoluble Matter in Creosole—AWPA AL. Distlation of Creosote—AWPA Al. Tar Aci in Creosote and Creosote-Coel Tar Solutions ASTM D 433, Specifie Gravity of Petrolenn—ASTM D 287. Flash Poin of Petrolenm (Pensky-Martens)—ASTM D 93, Viscosity, SeyboltAASHTO T 72. Analysis of Water-Borne Preservatives—AWPA A2. Analysis of Oi Borne Preservatives —AWDA AS. Chromium, Copper, Arsenic and Zine in Water-barne Preservatives by Xoray-AWPA AS, by ICP—AWPA 21, by AAAWPA AIT Naphenie deid in Copper Naphthenate—AWPA.AI3. Water-Extractable Copper in Copper Naphthenate—AWPA AM Quaternary Compounds in ACO Preservative or Mcronized Copper Quaternary —AWPA AlS or 37. Propieonazole and Tebuconazole in Waterborne Preservatives by HPLC—AWPA A28. Azoles in Waterborne Preservatives and Wood by Gas Chromatography (GC)—AWPA A31 midacloprid in Waterborne Preservatives and Wood by HPLC—AWPA ‘3. Wood Densities for Preservative Retention Cateutations—AWPA Al2, ‘Standard for Wet Aching Procedures for Preparing Wood for Chemical Analysis —AWDA AT. * Available from American Wood-Preservers’ Association, P.O. Box 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, ‘Tel: (205) 733-4077, www.awpa.com, TS4e M1335 ‘AASHTO {©2011 y the Amin Asscitn of Sine Highs an Transpo Oi, ‘All istered: Duplcatn (sa vlaon o apie a