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Present Education Scenario Is Greatly Influenced and Highly Driven by Technology
Present Education Scenario Is Greatly Influenced and Highly Driven by Technology
technological
innovations in
education
Navigating New Skies: The Next Trends
in
Education Technology
RECENT ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNVOVATIONS IN EDUCATION
ABSTRACT: This paper wishes to address why and how teaching practices and technologies
need to be unified, at all levels, to progress learner’s evocative learning. A initial effort to
define pedagogical innovation is presented, with a reference to Creative Class Room
framework (CCR). Technological innovations are having a noteworthy impact on educational
systems at all stages. Online courses, instruction aids, informative software, social networking
tools, and other emerging technologies are distracting the traditional classroom atmosphere.
Considerate effects that technological modernizations have on students, teachers, and schools is
precarious to developing strategies and procedures to manage and use technology in education.
The sudden upsurge in the use of digital devices and the Internet with growing levels of
education shows that education matters in the approval of digital technologies. This has
enormous effects for the role of education systems in preparing individuals with the skills they
need to benefit from new-fangled technology. The “digital divide” has become a skills gap
between the haves and have-nots. Digital skills create a noteworthy return in terms of
employment, income and other social outcomes for those who have them, but set up barricades
to better life openings for those without.
OBJECTIVE:
1. Introduction of Technology-based innovations in education to reshape the environments
in which schools operate.
2. Understanding the education activities better, including their market assemblies and
innovation processes, would help to generate a more established association with the
teaching sector.
Keywords: technology, digital divide, employment, innovations, educational systems, internet.
Introduction:
Present education scenario is greatly influenced and highly driven by technology. The technical
advancement in the field has transformed the learning system at its core. When technology was
evolving in education, the innovations embraced its evolution.
For several years now, educational technologies have impacted how students, corporates, and
business professionals want to learn. Investment is flowing at an unprecedented rate in the edtech
market. Technologies like virtual classroom, mobile devices, digital readers, on-demand video,
online courses, and cloud –based LMS are continuously catering the market, and constantly
thriving for innovation. Established edtech companies, entrepreneurs, and educational institutes
are identifying the possibility to leverage the innovative products, beyond the boundaries and
designing tools that quench millennial’s demands.
In this digital age, technology has become a very vital factor of development in all disciplines.
Every day new software, devices and other technologies are being developed to improve lives in
one way or another. Technology’ in its broadest terms could include the collection of tools,
machinery, devices, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans. However, in
the context of Educational Technology as presented in this book, it is understood as technologies
that have arrived with the ‘Information Revolution’ i.e. those associated with computers and
Information Communication Technology. Examples of such technologies are electronics devices,
computer, video, collaborative writing tools, social networking and the Internet. Innovative
applications of technology in the classroom mean more than teaching basic computer skills and
software programs in the class. It must happen across the disciplines and curriculum in ways that
teaching and learning processes can be enhanced. It must also support active engagement, group
participation, local and global collaboration, and interaction. This book presents innovative
applications of educational technology tools in teaching and learning across various disciplines.
Educational Technology:
Educational Technology is concerned with the development, application, and evaluation of
system, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning. It could be conceived as a
science of Educational Technology is concerned with the development, application, and
evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning. It could be
conceived as a science of techniques, methods and media by which educational goals could be
realized.
Earlier the Concept of Educational Technology was used as a synonym to audio-visual aids like
pictures, charts, maps, and models meant for direct teaching-learning.
Then came the age of mass media which led to massive communication revolution for
instructional purposes with the advent of programmed instruction , a new dimension of
educational technology came into existence it has individualized the process of education and
introduced a system of self-learning in the form of self- instructional material and teaching
machine.
This way one aspect of Educational Technology related to the use of specific techniques such as
‘educational television, radio, programmed learning and other audio-visual aids.
Educational technology is seen both as a means as well as service to effect and facilitate better
and more productive learning systems. It may be defined as a separate field in the theory of
education dealing with the development and application of the use of educational resources.
Educational Technology should not be confused with teaching or instruction or education or
learning or engineering but it should be taken as a sum total of all such aspects which go a long
way in shaping the personality of the learner in a meaningful context.
It is neither technology in education nor technology of education but both and all pervasive
which pervades the whole teaching-learning process to make it meaningful for the teacher who
teaches and the learner who learns and modifies his behavior for his own betterment.
There are a lot of misconceptions as regards the meaning of educational technology. For many, it
is a discipline associated with the use of audio-visual media in education. Some use the term
software and hardware as synonyms of educational technology. Whereas, some people are
comfortable with the term teaching machines as the meaning of educational technology. The
truth of the matter is that none of the above could actually be taken as correct interpretation of
the meaning of educational technology concept.
techniques,
A Short Historical Retrospect
In the early period of human history, when writing was unknown, the method of verbal
presentation on the part of the teachers and citation and memorization on the part of the students
was a common practice in almost all the civilization of the world. Socrates’ teacher-pupil oral
dialogue system prevalent in the west and oral teaching tradition maintained by the ancient sages
in the Gurukuls of our country may be cited as a testimony of the use of relevant technology on
the field of teaching-learning at a particular age in the progress of human civilization.
With the advent of writings as the means and materials of communication, like writing on the
leaves and tree-trunks, engraving on metals and rocks, and then the use of the some type of paper
and ink material provided the next breakthrough in the use of writing technology for teaching
and learning. In the time to come, it provide a great impetuses in the field of teaching and
learning which witnessed the use of the subject matter available in the form of printing materials
and textbooks, a great scientific and technological advancement.
The use of writing and printing technology then took its next leap in helping the cause of
teaching and learning by utilized in the production and use of the instructional materials like
chalkboard, pictures, chart, models, maps, diagrams and other graphic material.
Educational technology in a way could be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, e.g.,
paintings on cave walls. But usually its history is made to start with educational film (1900′s) or
Sidney Pressey’s mechanical teaching machines in the 1920′.
Today, presentation-based technology, based on the idea that people can learn contents trough
aural and visual reception, exists in many forms, e.g., streaming audio and video, PowerPoint
presentations + voice-over.
The 1950′s led to two major still popular designs. Skinners work led to “programmed
instruction” focusing on the formulation of behavioral objectives, breaking instructional content
into small units and rewarding correct responses early and often. Advocating a mastery approach
to learning based on his taxonomy of intellectual behaviors, Bloom endorsed instructional
techniques that varied both instruction and time according to learner requirements.
The 1980′s and 1990′s produced a variety of schools that can be put under the umbrella of the l
Computer dominated instruction.
Digitized communication and networking in education started in the mid 80s and became
popular by the mid-90′s, in particular through the World-Wide Web, email and Forums. In
addition, modern ICT provides education with tools for sustaining learning communities and
associated knowledge management tasks. It also provides tools for student and curriculum
management.
In addition to classroom enhancement, learning technologies also play a major role in full-time
distance teaching. While most quality offers still rely on paper, videos and occasional CBT/CBL
materials, there is increased use of e-tutoring through forums, instant messaging, video-
conferencing etc. Courses addressed to smaller groups frequently use hybrid designs that mix
presence courses with distance activities and use various pedagogical styles.
From 2000′s onword emergence of multiple mobile and ubiquitous technologies gave a new
impulse to situated learning theories favouring learning-in-context scenarios. Some literature
uses the concept of integrated learning to describe blended learning scenarios that integrate both
school and authentic settings.
Meaning and Definition of Educational Technology
Educational technology is comprised of two words education and technology. When we apply
the science of learning and communication to teaching we evolve a technology
Before understanding the meaning of educational technology it is essential to know the meaning
of the term” technology”. The word ‘technology‘ has been taken from the Greek word
(techniques) which means an art and which is related with skill and dexterity.
The term ‘technology’ implies the application of science to art. Generally the term “Technology”
denotes the systematic application of the knowledge of science to practical tasks in industry.
Educational technology is a discipline that is difficult to define. Its meaning can be derived from
the two components of technology in education and technology of education. It is an eclectic
discipline that borrows from such educational fields like psychology, sociology and philosophy.
The universally accepted definition of ET involves processes, methods and techniques, products,
resources and technologies organized into workable systems. The recognition of the need for a
multilevel organisation of a classroom, for instance, along with the designing of an appropriate
programme and its implementation, become as much an exercise in ET as the use of audio-visual
aids or the information superhighway.
E.E. Hadden “Educational Technology is that branch of educational theory and practice
concerned primarily with the design and use of messages which control the learning process.”
G.O. Leith “Educational Technology is the application of scientific knowledge and
learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching
and training.”
One of the most difficult challenges for an educational leader is to filter, shield and straight out
destroy some of the internal and external noise that exists. Most of this noise is well-intentioned,
however the sheer volume of it in education alone can make for little silence for teachers and co
1. Digital readers and tablets
Increasingly, schools are looking to replace the bulkier hard-copy textbooks with digital ones
that are accessible via a tablet.
Pros
They eliminate the need for students to carry around a heavy backpack full of books.
They provide a centralized, accessible place for all reading materials.
The regular updates of digital content eliminates the cost of purchasing new textbook
editions every few years.
Apps added to tablets can meet the educational needs of the students and provide for
more personalized learning opportunities.
Cons
to fully implement, schools would need to provide a tablet to every student and have a
system in place for dealing with lost, damaged, or stolen assets. (However, a BYOD policy may
be a feasible and more cost effective alternative.)
It eliminates the option for students to dramatically chuck their math book across the
room . 3D printing
3D printing has already seen an impressive application in the world at large. According
to Forbes, 3D printers have been able to create anything from car parts to artificial organs. In the
classroom setting, 3D printing can create hands-on models that students can investigate and
interact with. For example, students could learn about the geography of an area by observing a
3D map of it.
Pros
3D printing reaches both visual and kinesthetic learners.
It engages the students and gets them curious.
It reduces the time teachers need to spend on creating their own models (e.g., for a
science class).
Cons
Barely any. One might argue that 3D printing technology means students won’t get to
create their own physical models, but there’s nothing suggesting that the two can’t coexist.
when they get frustrated with it. (I feel that loss on a personal level.)
3. Virtual reality
Technology for virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality is rapidly developing. One of
the primary uses for this technology in the classroom is to take students on virtual field trips to
places otherwise inaccessible. For example, a student could take a virtual field trip to ancient
Egypt or to the bottom of the ocean. One provider of this technology is Nearpod VR.
Pros
It provides engaging, real-life experiences that would otherwise be harmful or
inaccessible.
Appeals to visual learners who like to see and experience things instead of merely
reading about them.
Cons
Students using virtual reality may develop a lack of spatial awareness in the real world. In
other words, they could hit or run into something in the real world while immersed in the virtual
one.
3. Virtual reality
Technology for virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality is rapidly developing.
One of the primary uses for this technology in the classroom is to take students on virtual field
trips to places otherwise inaccessible. For example, a student could take a virtual field trip to
ancient Egypt or to the bottom of the ocean. One provider of this technology is Nearpod VR.
Pros
It provides engaging, real-life experiences that would otherwise be harmful or
inaccessible.
Appeals to visual learners who like to see and experience things instead of merely
reading about them.
Cons
Students using virtual reality may develop a lack of spatial awareness in the real world. In
other words, they could hit or run into something in the real world while immersed in the virtual
one.
Motion sickness can develop in some students due to their eyes sensing movement while
their body does not.
4. Gamification
Students learn better when they’re having fun. The use of gaming in the classroom
applies this concept by tying together the fun part of play with the content and concepts that
students must learn.
Pros
It increases student engagement.
It creates enthusiasm for the lesson.
It provides immediate feedback.
Cons
Not every fun game is effective at teaching a given concept. Not every game that is
effective at teaching the concept is fun, either.
It takes time and training to learn how to effectively use games for learning. However,
platforms like Classcraft use gaming technology and offer training for those who want to learn
how to better implement it in their classrooms.
5. Cloud technology
The cloud hosts apps and services on the internet instead of being on a user’s computer. It
enables information to be stored, shared, and accessed on any device that’s connected to the
internet. In education, the cloud is used to store and share digital textbooks, lesson plans, videos,
and assignments. It’s also used to give students the opportunity to chat live with their instructors
and other classmates. In a related vein, cloud technology is enabling a new educational model
known as ‘flipped classrooms’ in which students can watch a lecture before class and spend the
class time engaged in discussion, group work, and analytical activities.
Pros
It reduces the chances of homework getting lost between school and home.
It reduces the need for students to carry heavy textbooks.
It enables students to easily access information from any device connected to the internet.
It enables quick and easy access to the teacher through live chat options.
Cons
To fully adopt the cloud, schools would need to somehow ensure that every student has
adequate access to the internet.
Security. Although pretty much every network on the cloud has a security system in place
to protect its information, hacking can be a concern.
6. Artificial intelligence
AI is making its way into the educational sphere by means of automating grading and
feedback and providing personalized learning opportunities. For more information about the use
of AI in the classroom,
Pros
It can save the teacher time by doing the grading and giving feedback on their behalf.
It provides greater insights into a student’s learning patterns.
Cons
Teachers can learn a lot about a student’s learning patterns by doing the grading
themselves.
There’s a personal element of care when a teacher gives personalized feedback (rather
than letting a machine generate one).
7. Mobile technology
Rather than banning cell phones and other mobile devices from use during class, some
schools are incorporating this technology into the learning process through educational apps.
Pros
The wide variety of available apps offers the opportunity for students to engage in their
own learning process.
Educational apps provide the opportunity to personalize learning to each student.
Cons
Not every student possesses a mobile device, and not every parent is comfortable with
their child having one.
To really utilize this technology, schools would need to make sure that every parent is
onboard and that every student has access to some sort of mobile device.
Look for these innovative uses of educational media and technologies
Technological advancements are truly impressive. We should accept that this is the world
our students are growing up in and provide opportunities to expose them to these wonderful
developments. However, each new technology should be carefully evaluated and used as a tool
to enhance the personal element in the teaching process, not to completely replace traditional
learning methods.
Conclusion
The presence of educational technology is growing in the classroom. The new generation of kids
come ready to work with these new technologies, which play an important role in children’s
learning and acquiring various cognitive knowledge so that educational technology must be
incorporated into future curricula.
The application of educational technology enhances skills and cognitive characteristics. With the
help of new technology comes an explosion of learning and receiving new information,
especially on mobile devices.
Teachers have been using new technologies in the classroom. However, the development and
application of new technologies grows as a measure that is the question of whether teachers are
trained to keep up with them. Here we have two problems. Are the teachers have the ability to
use educational technology and whether the school is sufficiently equipped with all modern
technical means? Numerous studies were carried out, some are still ongoing, but we have to find
the right strategies to apply educational technology in teaching.
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