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Storm Water Managemement Plan - Westhaven Cemetery
Storm Water Managemement Plan - Westhaven Cemetery
Storm Water Managemement Plan - Westhaven Cemetery
JUNE 2017
GAUTENG PROVINCE
PREPARED FOR:
PREPARED BY:
TEL: +27 (0)11 668 0724 TEL: +27 (0) 11 954 3835
FAX: +27 (086) 6922903 FAX: +27 (0) 11 954 6565
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2. DESCRIPTION OF SITE ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Topography .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Climate...................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Drainage ................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.4 Geology..................................................................................................................................................... 5
3. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY .............................................................................. 6
3.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Roads and associated storm water drainage ........................................................................................... 8
4.2 Attenuation ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.3 100 Year Flood Line ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.4 Subsoil Drainage ..................................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Additional Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.6 Operation and Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 13
4.7 Construction ........................................................................................................................................... 14
5. MINOR STORMWATER SYSTEMS................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Guidelines for individual buildings ......................................................................................................... 15
5.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................ 16
5.1.2 Storm Water Controls during Construction .................................................................................... 17
5.1.3 Permanent Storm Water Controls (post construction completion)................................................ 19
6. COMPLIANCE WITH STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 19
7. ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 21
ANNEXURES ................................................................................................................................................. 22
ANNEXURE B: Guideline Document for the Management of Storm Water Run-off during
Construction
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1. INTRODUCTION
MORAD Consulting Engineers was appointed by Mogale City Local Municipality for the
Westhaven Cemetery Project. This Storm Water Management Plan forms part the
Consultants’ appointment. The ultimate goal of Municipality is to construct a cemetery
since the Munsieville Cemetery is now full.
The project comprises of the construction of a cemetery with a total of 17924 adult
grave units and 3783 children grave units. The construction will also include the
necessary cemetery infrastructure i.e. roads, storm water, water, sewer, bulk earth
works, landscaping, perimeter wall, ablution blocks, administration block, chapel,
guard house and bus parking.
Access to the site is via Chamdor Road driving towards Kagiso, then turn left into
Thornton Street and immediately into Tindall Street. The approximate mid-point
coordinates (Google Earth) of the site are 26° 8'5.47"S 27°49'14.81"E
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The project comprises of the construction of a cemetery with a total of 17924 adult
grave units and 3783 children grave units. The construction will also include the
necessary cemetery infrastructure i.e. roads, storm water, water, sewer, bulk earth
works, landscaping, perimeter wall, ablution blocks, administration block, chapel,
guard house and bus parking.
The Developer will install the infrastructure components required for the
establishment of the proposed cemetery. The Cemetery Layout as prepared by
Messrs Land Studio Landscape Architects is included as Annexure A.
This Management Plan was utilized to guide the detailed design and implementation
process of the storm water infrastructure requirements for the proposed development.
2. DESCRIPTION OF SITE
2.1 Topography
The proposed development covers 14.58Ha. The topography of the site in the east
from 1734 m.a.s.l and peaks in the west of the site range (1766 m.a.s.l). The general
slope of the site is 7 %, as determined from the highest and lowest point on site. The
variation in relief is due to the weathering of the resistant sandstone and man-made
excavations.
2.2 Climate
The city lies at an altitude of 1700 meters above sea level, and has a pleasant sunny
climate with summer day temperatures range between 20 – 30 °C and, moderate
showers, usually of short duration. Winter is dry with cold nights of between 2 to 5 °C
with crisp mornings, and glorious, sunny days ideal for outdoor activities (MCLM, IDP,
2002).
2.3 Drainage
According to the state of the environment report, compiled by the Strategic
Environmental Focus in 2003, Mogale City Local Municipality falls within 6 quaternary
catchments. These includes an east-west watershed which dominates the largest part
of the Municipality area. These watershed falls within the Limpopo catchment and
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drains via the Crocodile River.
A small portion to the south of the Mogale City Local Municipality, falls within the Vaal
catchment and drains via the Klip River. The site proposed for Westhaven cemetery
development falls within the Vaal catchment area.
The major rivers within the MCLM include the Crocodile River, Magalies River,
Hugenote Spruit, Riet Spruit, Bloubank River and Muldersdrift se Loop.
It is however the author’s view site relief should be accurately retrieved from maps
published by Surveyor General and/or Surveyor contracted to produce such maps.
This will enable the engineer to accurately determine drainage path(s) and make
appropriate plans towards the storm water management.
2.4 Geology
Based on the 1:250 000 2626 West Rand Geological map, an extract of which is
attached below, the site is located on Portion 182 of the Farm Witpoortjie 245 IQ
which is underlain by rock units of the Government Subgroup, West Rand Group of
the Witwatersrand Supergroup. The rock sequence is comprised of quartzite,
greywacke, conglomerate and shale.
Post-Gondwana Deposits
Colluvium Soils of clayey, silty, sandy and gravel
Hillwash composition
Alluvium
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A separate geotechnical report has been commissioned by geotechnical specialists at
Morad Consulting.
3.1 General
The climate in Mogale City is warm and temperate. The summers here have a good
deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Cwb by
Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature is 16.8 °C in Mogale City. About
675 mm of precipitation falls annually. Under conditions of concentrated and
uncontrolled surface run-off, exposed soil is highly susceptible to rapid erosion.
The site will undergo an extensive remodeling with on-site earthwork operations taking
place to reshape the sites to conform to the required design footprints and the addition
of access roads. The increase in hardened surfaces will be significant in relation to the
total development and catchment areas. This will reduce natural rainfall infiltration and
increase storm water run-off. The potential for downstream flood damage to property
and infrastructure is limited but there will be impacts on the receiving environment
unless adequate attenuation measures are provided.
Whilst the total areas affected by the proposed development is small, the storm water
systems are divided into two main groups and dealt with in this Management Plan
separately. These are the “major” systems and the “minor” systems, both being of
equal importance. The major systems are those drainage control elements that will be
installed under the infrastructure construction phase and these include for roads and
their associated drainage measures. Also included are the water features. The minor
systems are those disposal measures that will be installed on buildings on the
development, e.g. underground tanks to catch rainwater. The minor systems will link
into the major systems.
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would result in only minor damage in storms with a probability frequency of more than
1 in 50 years. All elements of the natural and built environment should be able to
withstand a 1 in 100-year storm event without significant consequential loss and risk to
life and property.
3.2 Objectives
The main objectives of the Storm Water Management Plan are to provide guidelines
whereby the following are achieved:
➢ To prevent down-stream flooding due to a change in catchment characteristics.
➢ To protect property and life from damage by caused by storm water and floods.
➢ To prevent soil erosion and consequential down-stream damage.
➢ To prevent pollution of the water resources.
➢ To provide for the safe efficient removal of storm water run-off from the various
sites.
The Storm Water Management Philosophy is to direct the developer, the professional
teams, contractors, property owners and the general public to:
• Reduce post development storm water flows by the effective use of on-site
attenuation devices.
• Where practical, make use of rainwater harvesting techniques for the
conservation and reuse of storm water runoff.
• Prevent concentration of storm water at points that are susceptible to erosion.
• Manage and contain potential soil erosion problem areas, particularly during the
construction phase.
• Maintain adequate ground cover, particular to those areas disturbed during
construction.
• Ensure that natural and artificial slopes do not become saturated and unstable.
• Ensure that the receiving environment can accommodate the increased flow.
• Ensure all storm water control works are constructed in a safe and aesthetic
manner in keeping with the overall Architectural theme for the Development.
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In all instances, the water courses and storm water infrastructure must be maintained
in a state free of rubbish, debris and any deleterious material likely to pose a threat to
the lower reaches of the water courses.
As discussed above, the major storm water systems shall consist of a combination of
engineered and natural features. The Engineered features will include roadways and
their associated drainage networks, water features utilised as attenuation structures if
required, constructed for the control of peak run-off, as well as erosion and siltation
control structures where necessary. Natural features include drainage lines, streams
and other natural water distribution features and wetlands that fall within the relevant
catchment areas.
During the design process, the appointed Consulting Engineer will need to identify
characteristics and critical aspects of the catchment and it is anticipated that this will
be further broken down during the detail design stage into small minor sub-
catchments relevant to the individual infrastructure elements (road sections and their
drainage features) incorporated. The proposed storm water infrastructure solutions
will have to be analysed for hydraulic capacity and performance against a range of
possible storm frequencies within these sub-catchments. The resultant solutions must
meet the objectives of this Storm Water Management Plan.
Final stage drawings and reports must include complete details of all storm-water
structures, all outlet controls, reticulation layouts and pipe sizes, including all erosion
protection measures required for construction.
All proposed infrastructure must meet with the requirements of the Mogale City
Municipality as well as any other relevant Statutory Body.
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and channel side drains with pickup points at storm water catch-pits discharging into
concrete pipe culverts.
The design of the storm water reticulation is to be based on a 10 year return period
design storm, except at critical points where a 20 year return period design storm
should be used. These critical points should be checked for the effect that both the 50
year and 100 year storm may have on the structure/system.
Any design or planning for the overall system must entail an assessment of “what if”
scenarios. (Ensure that allowance is made for an overland flood route below low
points in a system considering that the pipe or channel system could fail). If
necessary, overtopping of roads during major floods may be permitted but
precautions will have to be taken to reduce and control potential erosion damage and
loss of the road. Overland flow routes may require the imposition of servitudes or
building line restrictions.
Due to the potential erodible nature of the existing soils found on site, the roads
should be designed to collect storm water run-off and convey it efficiently and safely
at regular intervals into the piped storm water system via suitably designed catch-pits.
These structures are to be sized and positioned at intervals along the roads that allow
for the efficient removal of the surface water without the danger of flooding.
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Any piped system must be designed to cater for the chosen design storms and the
minimum recommended pipe diameter is 375mm. Pipes are to be spigot and socket
concrete pipes with rubber rings.
The points of discharge into the receiving environment should be done via outlet
headwalls suitably designed to ensure that their impact on the natural environment is
minimal. Furthermore, additional erosion protection in the form of reno mattresses,
gabion baskets or other structures must be incorporated. Velocities in the natural
channels should be checked.
4.2 Attenuation
Due to urbanisation, and the inevitable change in catchment characteristics,
developments tend to reduce the natural rainfall infiltration and increase storm water
run-off. This increases flood damage risks downstream unless adequate measures
are taken to attenuate the flood peaks.
As discussed earlier in this report, with the majority of the site being developed for
cemetery, the increase in hardened surfaces is only significant in area with buildings.
The resultant increase in flood peaks around buildings will thus also be significant and
there will be a need for attenuation. It must be noted that it is a requirement that all
run-off from individual buildings must be attenuated on the building site prior to
release into the piped reticulation network as discussed later in this report.
Attenuation of the surface water emanating from road reserves will be achieved in the
new water feature structure. A detailed analysis of the storm water systems in each of
the sub-catchment areas, including individual buildings, will be required to determine
to what extent bulk storm water attenuation measures have to be implemented on the
major storm water system.
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It is proposed that these bulk attenuation structure (water feature), if required, operate
as a choke whereby the food peaks are reduced and the water temporarily backs up
within the water feature. The choking mechanism is usually designed to allow lesser
base flows through the system without hindrance and then progressively attenuate the
larger storms.
The drainage systems provided must be capable of delivering the volumes associated
with the requisite attenuation structures. There is no point in providing for an
attenuation pond or other structure when the site layout and storm water infrastructure
system is incapable of channeling or conveying the increased and excess run-off
generated. The increased run-off may not bypass the attenuation structures provided
and flow offsite/downstream without being reduced to predevelopment rates of
discharge.
All final solutions must and will comply with all the relevant requirements of the
Mogale City Local Municipality.
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4.3 100 Year Flood Line
It is usual practice that no development is normally permitted within the flood plain
area below the anticipated 100 year flood level. In this instance however, the
development well outside the 100 year flood level and is not affected by it (see
annexure C).
It is the responsibility of the Design Consultant to ensure that there have been
adequate subsurface geotechnical investigations carried out to enable him/her to
perform a detailed assessment and design of any possible subsurface measures
required.
The proposed Development is effectively situated at the toes of the catchment area,
hence potential future development in upstream sub-catchments flowing into the
development area should be considered and any requirements for future storm water
detention should be identified. Similarly, for sub-catchments flowing out of the
development area, the impact on the downstream infrastructure must be considered
and measures taken to ensure that any upstream development does not result in an
increased flood damage risk downstream.
Cognisance must be taken of the findings of the geotechnical report in the design
phase and all problematic areas will need to be specifically highlighted and suitable
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design solutions implemented, particularly in those areas susceptible to any form of
damage caused by water.
Direct discharge of storm water runoff from properties up-slope of the proposed
development will need to be identified and picked up and tied into the piped storm
water system. These flows will be fed directly into the attenuation features before
being released downstream. The sizing of these features will need to take cognisance
of the addition flow from the external properties.
Runoff exiting the water feature (attenuation structure) will be channelled to the lower
existing street via culvert outlet headwalls. Steps are to be taken by the Professional
Team to reduce erosion potential when designing the culvert outlet headwalls.
The infrastructural services will be handed over to the Municipality who will ultimately
be responsible for operation and maintenance thereof. This Authority must be made
aware of any design and operational requirements via the issue of “as built” “or
record” drawings and operational manuals.
Due to the erodible nature of the soils on this site, some erosion and downstream silt
accumulation can be expected to be a problem until construction is complete and a
full cover of permanent vegetation has been established. The design Engineer and
Contractor must assess suitable locations to incorporate protective works to trap
sediment.
The appointed Design Engineers are to take cognisance of all aspects of the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) when preparing the detailed designs and
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project specifications. Similarly so are the appointed Contractors whilst performing
construction activities.
4.7 Construction
The installation of the civil and electrical infrastructure will precede development and
construction on the individual sites. These infrastructural elements will be handed
over to the Municipality.
The management of storm water run-off during this initial phase of the construction
will be controlled by the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) as produced by the
Environmental Control Officer (ECO). It must be made a condition of the infrastructure
contract that the relevant EMP as produced by the ECO must be adhered to at all
times. The ECO shall visit the site on a regular basis and his requirements must be
met.
The contractor is obligated with a duty of care and will make use of sand bagging, silt
fences vegetation screens amongst other measures to reduce run-off velocities and
prevent erosion and the movement of soil. A Guideline Document for the
Management of Storm Water Run-off During Construction has been included as
Annexure B and must form part of any project specifications.
All construction activities within the development must comply with the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP).
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development run-off and is not to exceed the pre development run-off peak discharge
for a 10year design storm. A post development peak discharge rate for a 50year
event must therefore be restricted to the equivalent 10year predevelopment flow rate.
(Pre development conditions refer to the current state of the site as a farm).
The storm water attenuation function provided on each individual building has a
significant cumulative influence on the total attenuation requirements for the full
development. This must be factored in by the main Infrastructure Design Engineer
when carrying out the storm water modelling for the whole development. Depending
on the outcome of the detailed study, there may be a requirement to attenuate the
run-off from individual buildings to a greater degree than previously stated. It is
important that the peak run-off discharge rates from individual buildings do not exceed
the hydraulic capacities of the elements in the major storm water system.
The Municipality must establish a design review panel to inspect and review all
Architectural plans for compliance with the relevant Architectural codes. The
Consultant is to submit detailed storm water plans with their Architectural plan
submissions. These must include for a Building Specific Storm Water Management
Plan (report form with accompanying sketch details and calculations). These plans will
be reviewed for compliance with this Storm Water Management Plan and its
requirements for design and implementation of the storm water control measures.
All Building Specific Storm Water Management Plans must have details regarding
both the “during construction” management of storm water on site in addition to the
“permanent control measures”. All specifications must be noted in detail and sketch
form.
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The implementation and the on-going management of these controls will be monitored
by the Local authority. Penalties will be incurred where these have not been
implemented according to the detailed plans issued by the engineers and approved
by the Local Authority.
5.1.1 General
• The correctness of all storm water calculations is the responsibility of the appointed
Engineer or responsible person for each of the individual sites. Geotechnical
conditions must be confirmed by the individual owner or their appointed
professionals.
• The harvesting of rain water off roof and hardstand areas for reuse must be
stipulated under the Municiaplity regulations and all water is to be directed first into
the required holding structure before being directed into the relevant attenuation
structures and finally the major reticulation system.
• No building works, earthworks, walls or fences may obstruct or encroach on a
watercourse inside or outside the site without approved plans that do not
compromise the objectives of the Storm Water Management Plan.
• The developer/owner shall ensure that the natural flow path of the storm water on
his site is adequately protected against erosion.
• Lined and unlined channels may be constructed to convey storm water to a natural
watercourse where deemed necessary and unavoidable. The velocity in these
channels must be checked for scour potential and suitable linings specified where
required.
• Any external parking area, yard or other paved area should, where possible, be
designed to attenuate storm water run-off. The overland flow routes must be
protected from erosion and scour damage in the event of an excessive storm
event.
• Any construction, structure or area providing attenuation function should be
designed to ensure that such disposal does not cause slope instability, or areas of
concentrated saturation or inundation.
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• Driveways must not concentrate run-off onto the main road and care must be taken
not to obstruct the flow in side drains found along road edges when tying into the
main road system.
• No substances that could have a detrimental effect on the environment may be
allowed to enter the storm water system.
• All the rules and regulations as stipulated by the Municipality from time to
time must be adhered to.
All storm water must be controlled on each specific site. The following acts as an
additional guideline and the individual owners/developers of sites are to take note of
the requirements during the construction phase of their respective sites. The
responsibility remains with the owner/developer and the professional team of each
site to ensure that all controls are implemented.
• The sands encountered on site are generally erodible and thus adequate controls
to reduce storm water run-off velocities and potential erosion damage are to be
implemented and kept in place throughout the construction phase and the
contractor must ensure that all control measures are continually maintained in good
effective working order.
• The contractor is to install all downslope sandbagging and other controls (i.e. silt
fencing, strip sodding, earth deflection berms, etc.) required before earthworks
operations and building works are commenced.
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• All storm water controls must be in accordance with the Building Specific Storm
Water Management Plan approved by Mogale City Local Municipality. Where
necessary and/or under instruction from local authority, additional controls must be
implemented immediately.
• All areas that incur damage during rain storms are to be rehabilitated as soon as
the area in question has dried out sufficiently to allow work to take place (within 24
hours). All remedial fill is to be adequately benched into the existing competent soil
mass and compacted to 95% Mod AASHTO.
• All storm water temporarily channelled off the building must be directed in such a
manner as not to cause damage to common / neighbouring grounds and must have
controls in place to trap any sediment from getting into the major storm water
system. Where applicable, this can be achieved by forcing run-off through a
succession of silt catches e.g. Silt fences.
• The permanent storm water control reticulation should be installed as early as
possible in the construction phase. All precautions must be taken to ensure
sediment / run-off does not end up in common ground and neighbouring properties
or the main reticulation system.
• It is essential that all completed embankments and large open areas are top-soiled
and planted with vegetation as soon as practical on completion. In this instance,
the banks are to be shaped as required by the developer and then handed over to
the landscape contractor to carry out the planting. It is recommended that a full
coverage of sods staked to the relevant embankment is implemented. The
contractor is to take note of vulnerable points after all precipitation events and
reinforce the storm water control measures in these areas.
• Storm water must not be allowed to pond in close proximity to building foundations.
• At the end of each working day the access route onto the building site must be
protected by sandbagging, to prevent the flow of storm water and silt onto or off the
site.
• The developer and contractor shall ensure that no materials, fluids or substances
are allowed to enter the storm water system that could have a detrimental effect on
the environment.
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• The Building Specific Storm Water Management Plans must be considered
“live” documents and as conditions on site evolve, so to must the control
measures.
The Main Developer (Mogale City Local Municipality) and individual and their
professional teams, including the contractors, shall be responsible for ensuring that the
requirements of this Storm Water Management Plan are met. Similarly, the conditions
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as set out in the EMP are to be adhered to and this document should be read in
conjunction with the EMP.
The Main Developer (Mogale City Local Municipality) and their professional team shall
be responsible for the performance of all storm water control measures implemented
on a site under their jurisdiction and the impact such works may have on downstream
or neighbouring property. Approval of any plan or document, by Mogale City Local
Municipality shall not be construed as absolving the Main Developer Mogale City Local
Municipality) or their professional teams of this responsibility.
Detailed storm water plans to control and dispose of run-off and prevent erosion by
water must be agreed with Mogale City Local Municipality prior to the commencement
of any works, including site clearance, on any portion of the site. Storm Water Plans
must show that all the provisions and guidelines contained in this document have been
taken into account.
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7. ACCEPTANCE
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ANNEXURES
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