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Handout Introdaction To Communication
Handout Introdaction To Communication
1.Walqunnamtiin Maali?
The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding
process. In order to convey meaning, the sender must
begin encoding, which means translating information into a
message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or
concepts. This process translates the ideas or concepts into
the coded message that will be communicated. The
symbols can take on numerous forms such as,
languages,words, or gestures. These symbols are used to
encode ideas into messages that others can understand.
Walqunnamtiin adeemsa dha. Kana jechuun adeemsa walqunnamtii keessatti
namni ergaa dabarsuu barbaadu/sender fi namni ergaa fudhatu/recever,
ergaa/message akkasumas karaa ergaan itti darbu/channel jiru. Kanaaf ergaan
bakka tokko ka`ee bakka kaan ga`uudhaaf adeemsa mataasaa qaba.
Sana booda ergaan sammuu nama ergaa dabarsaa keessa jiru sun gara maallattootti
jijjiirame booda toora/channel keessa darba. Toora keessa darbee nama ergaa
simatu biraa nigaha. Torri ergaa barbaadame sunkan keessa darbee ergaa simataa
biraa gahu dha.
Toorri yeroo baay`ee dubbii afaanii yookiin barreeffamaa dha.taus yeroo ammaa
garuu meeshaaleen tekinoloojii babala`chaa jiru.kenneebay`ee baratamaa ta`an
bilbilaafi barreeffama kenneen akka meemoo,xalayaafigabaasota dha.
To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel (also
called a medium). The channel is the means used to convey the message. Most
channels are either oral or written, but currently visual channels are becoming
more common as technology expands. Common channels include the telephone
and a variety of written forms such as memos, letters, and reports.
Ergaa dabarsaanis kanneen keessa tokko filachuun ergaa garaa mallattootti jijjiire
sana toora kanaan fayyadamee ergaasaa dabarsa.
Namni ergaa simatu suniis mallattoo walqunnamtiif dhiyaateefi toora keessa darbe
sana simatee, mallattoo sana ni xinxala (interpreting) sana boodaahiika itti kenna.
Adeemsi mallattoo dhiyaate sanaaf hiika itti kennuun kun afaan Ingiliziitiin
decoding jedhama.
After the appropriate channel or channels are selected, the message enters the
decoding stage of the communication process. Decoding is conducted by the
receiver. Once the message is received and examined, the stimulus is sent to the
brain for interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning to it. It is this
processing stage that constitutes decoding. The receiver begins to interpret the
symbols sent by the sender, translating the message to their own set of experiences
in order to make the symbols meaningful. Successful communication takes place
when the receiver correctly interprets the sender's message.
Adeemsa kana keessatti tarii ergaan dabarfamuu barbaadame sun kallattiidhaan/
haala milkawaa ta`eetin qaama ergaa simatu biraa gahuu danda`a.Yeroo kanaa
walqunnamtiin sun milkaa`eera jenna.
Karaa biraatiin ammo waan inni dabarsuu barbaade sun osoo hin darbiin hafuu
danda`a. yookiin kallattii hinyaadamneetiin /hiika hambiraa qabachuudhaan ergaa
simataa bira gahuu danda`a. Haalli kun akka uumamu kan taasiisu ergaa
gufachiiftuu dha.Afaan Ingilizitin barriers jedhama/u.
Haata’uti hiikni qaama garaa garaa lamaan kennamu walitti dhiyaata tanaan
walqunnamtiin taasiifamu bu’aa qabeessata`a.Fkn:- Yeroo boqonnaa “Semester
vacation” jedhu kun hiika barataafi barsiisaaf kennu garaagara dha. Barataan
“yeroo itti boqotanidha jechuu” danda`a. Barsiisan ammo “yeroo qabxii
barattootaa hojatamuufi seemistera dhufuuf qophii taasifamu dha” jechuu danda`a.
Garaagarummaa hiika kan kan fida mallattoo dhiyaate osoo hinta`iin haala hojoo fi
gahee baratafi barsiisaa irra ka`uu dhaani.
Waluma galatti adeemsa hiika kennuu irratti dhimmoonnii kenneen akki ilaalcha,
hubannoo walitti dhufeenya ergaa simataafi dabarsaa fi kkf dhiibbaa qabaatu.
The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed. The
extent to which this person comprehends the message will depend on a number of
factors, which include the following: how much the individual or individuals know
about the topic, their receptivity to the message, and the relationship and trust that
exists between sender and receiver. All interpretations by the receiver are
influenced by their experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skills, perceptions, and
culture. It is similar to the sender's relationship with encoding.
Mallattoo (Symbole)
Symbols are representations of an event, action, object, person, or place that can
be used to communicate about the event, action, object, person, or place.
Symbols can be used for both receptive and expressive communication. Objects,
parts of objects, pictures, print, actions, gestures, signs, and speech can all be
symbols. Symbols may start as cues and signals. If a child recognizes a cue out of
context, that cue may be acting as a symbol. If a child uses a signal or an object
cue to communicate about an event, action, object, person or place out of
context, the child may be using that signal or cue as a symbol.
Non VerbalCommunication
When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive wordless signals.
All of our nonverbal behaviors—the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or
how loud we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we make—send
strong messages. These messages don't stop when you stop speaking either. Even
when you're silent, you're still communicating nonverbally.
Yeroo tokko tokko waan afaan keenyaan dubbannuufi qaamni keenya haasa`u
garagara ta`uu danda`a. Yeroo kana dhageeffatan keenya tokkoosaa fudhachuu
danda`a. yeroo baay`ee kan filatu garuu isa afaaniin ibasme osoo hin ta`iin isa
qaama keenyaan walqunnamaa jirrun dha.Sababiinsaas osoo hinbeekiin ergaa isa
dhugaa kan darbu kallattii isaatiin waan ta`eef.
Oftentimes, what comes out of our mouths and what we communicate through our
body language are two totally different things. When faced with these mixed
signals, the listener has to choose whether to believe your verbal or nonverbal
message, and, in most cases, they're going to choose the nonverbal because it's a
natural, unconscious language that broadcasts our true feelings and intentions in
any given moment.
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Consider how your perceptions of people are affected by the way they sit, walk,
stand up, or hold their head. The way you move and carry yourselfcommunicates a
wealth of information to the world. This type of nonverbal communication includes
your posture, bearing, stance, and subtle movements.
Since the visual sense is dominant for most people, eye contact is an especially
important type of nonverbal communication. The way you look at someone can
communicate many things, including interest, affection, hostility, or attraction. Eye
contact is also important in maintaining the flow of conversation and for gauging
the other person’s response.
Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a conversation because the other person
was standing too close and invading your space? We all have a need for physical
space, although that need differs depending on the culture, the situation, and the
closeness of the relationship. You can use physical space to communicate many
different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy and affection,
aggression or dominance.
Sagalee/ Voice
Sagalee yeroo jennu wanta nuti dubbannu osoo hinta`iin akkaataa
dubbannu dha. Yeroo nuti dubbannu namootni jechoo dubbachaa
jirru caalaa akkaataa nuti dubbachaa jirru xiinxalu. Akkaataa
sagalee yeroo jennu yeroonuti fudhannu, walirra fageenya jecha
tokkoofi kaan jidduu jiru, olka`iinsa sagalee, ciccitnsa sagalaleeahh”
afi “uh-huh.” Jechuu. Isaan kunneen mamii, shakkii, ofitti
amanamummaa, aafii, jaalala tuffii fi kkf muli`isu.
It’s not just what you say, it’s howyou say it. When we speak, other
people “read” our voices in addition to listening to our words.
Things they pay attention to include your timing and pace, how loud you
speak, your tone and inflection, and sounds that convey understanding, such as
“ahh” and “uh-huh.” Think about how someone's tone of voice, for example, can
indicate sarcasm, anger, affection, or confidence.
Mallattoolee kunneeniinfayyadamuun salphaa fakkaata garuu yeroo tokko tokko
dogongora guddaa uumuun walqunnamitiin gara hin yaadamneetti adeemuu
danda’a.
Walqunnamtii bu’aa qabeessa uumuuf ergaa dabarsan (sender) mallattoo sirrii ta’e
filachuun namoonni mallattoo inni fayyadama jiru haalaan hiika itti kennuu yoo
dandahani dha. Dubbataafi dhaggeeffataan mallattoo sanaaf hiika walfakkaataa
yoo kennaan walqunnamtiin ni milkaa’a.Kana jechuun garuu lachanuu gutummaan
guutuutti hiika tokko ta`e kennu jechuu miti.
Verbal Communication
Qooddachuu (Sharing)
Walqunnamtiin itti fufiinsaan qaamoonni lamaan kan irratti hirmaatani dha. Inni
tokko kaan irratti kan dhiibbaa geessisudha. Adeemsi kunis “the transactional
nature of communication” jedhama.
Traanzakshinii
Dubbachuu Dhaggeeffachuu
Kana jechuunis adeemsa walqunnamtii keessatti yaada waliin qoddachuu ykn
mallattoo dhiyateef hiika walfakkaatu kennamuu qaba.
Hiikawwan (Meanings)
Mallattooleen (jechaafi miti jecha) waan nuti yaadine qaama biraaf dabarsuufkan
gargaarani dha.Ta’us, ergaa tokko haalaan hubachuuf mallattooleenwalqunnamtiif
dhiyaatan qaamoolee lamaaniitiin kan beekaman ta’uu qabu. Ergaa dabarsaafi
simatanis mallattoo kanaan gargaramuun ergaa dabarsus fudhats.
• You can also use body language to emphasize or enhance your verbal
message—patting a friend on the back while complimenting him on his success, for
example, or pounding your fists to underline your message.
Moodeeloota Walqunnamtii
• Modela liinarii (linear Model)
• Modeliin kun akka ibsuutti walqunnamtiin sender fi receiver qaba.
• Walqunamtiin adeemsa walxaxaa hin qabu.
• Odeeffannoon kallattii tokkoon yaa’a.
Yaaddeebii
Message in Medium
Communicator A
Communicator B
Message in Medium
Receive interpret
Toora
Noise Source
Encodes Decoding
Gutuwwan Walqunnamtii
-Garaagarummaa Aadaa
-Lammummaa umurii
-Sadarkaa hawaasumma
-Sadarkaa diinagdee
Moodeeloota Walqunnamtii
• Modela liinarii (linear Model)
• Modeliin kun akka ibsuutti walqunnamtiin sender fi receiver qaba.
• Walqunamtiin adeemsa walxaxaa hin qabu.
• Odeeffannoon kallattii tokkoon yaa’a.
Yaaddeebii
Message in Medium
Communicator A
Communicator B
Message in Medium
Receive interpret
Toora
Noise Source
Encodes Decoding
Gutuwwan Walqunnamtii
-Garaagarummaa Aadaa
-Lammummaa umurii
-Sadarkaa hawaasumma
-Sadarkaa diinagdee
BOQONNAA LAMAA
SEENAA GUDDINA WAL-QUNNAMTII
1. Afaan
Afaan yoom eegale?
Namoonni dur durii miti afaaniin waliigalaa turan.Hojii isaanii kan gaggeessaniis non verbal
communicationiin fayyadamaniiti. Adeemsa keessa afaaan akka uumame bektonni dubbatan ni
jiru.Ta`uus uumama afaalii ilaalchisee yaadoolii adda addaan ni ka`u. Yaadolee ka`an keessa
muraasni afaan bu`aa hojiiti kan jedhan dha. Qamooleen yaada kana deeggaran ilmii namaa
jelqaba miti afaaniin fayyadamaa ture; adeemsa keessa hojiisaa salphisuuf afaan uume jedhu.
Gareen kaan ammo sagalee naannoosaa jiran yeroo fakkeessu achumaan afaan kalaqe kan jedhan
dha. Gareen kanbiroommoo afaan kennaa waaqaati kan jechan jiru. Yaadoleen garaagaraa
haajiraatu malee umriin afaan umriiilmaan nama wajjiin akka wal gitu hundumtu itti waliigala.
Adeemsa walqunnamtii keessa verbal communication maaliif filatamaa ta`e?
• Namoonni qaroo hin qabne ittiin waliigaluu hin danda’an
• Dukkanaa keessatti itti gargaaramuu hin danda’amu
• Yaada barbaadame irra caalaa dabarsuuf gargaara.
• Mallattoon walfakkaatu biyya adda addaatti hiika adda addaa qabaachuu
danda’a.
Seenaa Afaan Barreefamaa
Barreeffamawwan adda addaa akka fedhanitti barreessuu osoo hin eegaliin dura dhimmoonni
sadii fala argachuu qaban tura. Isaanni tokkoffaan mallattowwan (symbol) akkamiitu dubbii
afaanii bakka bu’uu; lammaffaan, mallattowwan kunneen maalirratti akka barreeffammanfi
sadaffaan, maaliin akka beerreeffamu uumuufi filachuu dha.
Afaan yoom barreeffamuu eegale? gaaffii jedhuuf deebii gabaabaa argachuun rakkisaa
dha.Ta`uus raga barreeffamaan argameerra ka`uun tilmaamuu ni danda`ama.Haala kanaan
waa’ee seenaa barreeffama yemmuu qoratamu akka ragaatti kam fudhataman barreeffamoota
dhagaa irratti barreeffamani dha. Kallattii kanaatiin yoo adeemame barreeffamni umrii 500
(kuma shan) caalaa hinqabu.
Barreeffama kanjedhamu, fakkii yoo dabalata yoo ta`e garuu ta’e fakkiiwwan dhaga’arratti
kaafaman waggoota kuma 10 lakkofsisan akka jiran ragaaleen dhugaa bahu. Garuu barreeffamni
ffakkii hindabalatu yoo ta`a marreeffam jalqabaati dhamee kan beekamu,durii biyya
Misopotamiyaa amma Eraq jedhamtee beekamtu keessa kan argamefi Afaan samaariyaatiin
barreeffame dha.Innis umrii kuma 5-6tti lakkofsiiseera jedhamee amanama.
Eraaqitti aanuudhaan barreeffamaan walqabatee seenaa dheeraa kanqabdu biyyi chaalinaa akka
taate qorannoon adda adda ni mul`isa. Biyyi Chaaayinaa “Pictography or sign writing” bara
2000-1500 BC itti gergaaramteetti jedhamee yaadama.
1. Pictography:- Bifa barreeffamaa isa jelqabaati kunis, suurichi /fakkichi waan tokko qofa
bakka bu’a. fakkichis pictogram yeroo jechamu fakkii dhiyaatuufi waan ibsamuu barbaadame
walfakkaatu.
3. Logography; Ideographic itti aanee logography dhufe. Innis, seera barreeffaman akkanaa
mallattoon tokko jecha tokko bakka bu’a. Barreeffamichis Logogram jedhama. Barreeffama
chaayiinaana ammaa yeroo dhiyootti fayyadamtu logographic jedhama. Hanqinni barreeffamni
kanaa mallattoo dhiyaateefi jechi bakka buufame sun waliin dhiyaatee qo`atamuu qaba. Karaa
biraatiin mallaattoo dhiyaatee sana jecha kam bakka akka bu`e beekuu baannaan hiika
mallattichaa hubachuu hindanda`amu.Yemmuu baratamuus, jechichaafi mallattoo bakka bu’u
sana waliin baruu qabna.
Logographic hanqinni /saa mallattoolee hedduu akka beeknu nu dirqisiisa beekus qabna.
Mallattoo sanaafi wanta bakka bu’u wal biraa qabanii hubachuun dirqamadha.Ciminni isaa
garaagarummaa loqodaarraa ka’uun waligalteen hin daangeeffamu.
Fkn:- Puphaa
Killee
Hanqaaquu
Haala kanaan qubeewwan 24 Afaan Girik barreessuuf filatamanii qindaffaman. Walaloo yeroo
jalqabaaf dhaloota kirstoos dura bara 800 qubee kanaan barreeffame “epic” yeroo jedhamu yoo
ta`u, Biyya Giriik keessa lammii Giriik kanta`e nama “Homer” jedhamu kanbarreeffame dha.
Warri Roomaa ammoo qubee Giriik fudhatanii foyyeessanii qubee lama itti dabaluun
mallattoollee 26 taasiisunittiingargaaramuu jalqaba. Isaan kunis ha’ra Afaan Ingiliiziii keessatti
tajaajilanidha.
Innis supheerraa hojjetamuufi umrii dheeraa jirachuu akka danda’u akkasumas gatii salphaatiin
bitamuakka danda`u barreeffamoonni ni mul`isu. Garuu irrattii barreessuuf miijataa hin turre.
Kanamalees haala salphaa ta’een bakkarra bakkaatti sochoosuuf miijataa miti.
Dadhabbii baay`ee boodaa meeshaan har’aa waraqaa jennee waamnu kanayeroo jalqabaaf kan
oomshte Biyya chaayinaa dha .Oomshini kun seenaa guddina barreeffamaa keessatti shoora
olaanaa taphateera.
Hawaasni durii osoo barreeffamni hin eegaliin dura dandeettiin namootaa walfakkaata qabu ture
Odeeffannoo qabaachuun human horachuu jalqaban kun ammo daandii aangoo qabachuu isaaniif
mijeesse.Knf “Ijipt” keessatti warri baratanfi aangoo qaban firoottan Far`on yoo ta`an, carraa
barnoota argatanis ijoollee isaanii dha. Akkasumas luboota amantaafi barreessitoota Fari’oon
firottan far`oni dha.
Tokkoffaa gibirri walitti qabamu bifa barreeffamaatiin akka galmeeffamu ta’eera. Akkasumas,
ajajni barreeffamaan dhiyatu dhimma bulchinsaa keessatti kennamuun hojii bulchiinsaa
salphiseera. Lammaffaa daldalaa biyyaa fooyyeessuun galii biyyootaa cimseera.Keessumaayyuu
impaayeroonni Roomaafi Giriik akka uumamaaniifi babal’atan taasiiseera.Garuu dimmoonnii
kenneen akka siyaasaa, diinagdee fi hawwasummaanisni jiru.
Mana kitaabichaa keessattis hanga kitaaba walakkaa miiliyoona ta’uutu keessa akka ture ni
himama. Nammoonni Girik marti keessumaayyuu beektonni Alksaandeeryaatti deemuu mana
kitaabichaa gargaaramu ture.
Namoonni durtii seera ittiin bulamu galmeeffamee itti fufiinsaan hojjiirra hin oolu ture. Murtiin
kan kennamuus, abbootii seeraatiin ture. /Manguddoota/ ganda ganda keessa jiraataniin. Kanaaf
yekka walfakkaatuuf murtii garaa garaatu kannama ture.Uumama barreeffamaan waliin
walqabate galmeen seeraa jalqaba barreeffame “the code of “Hammurabi” kan jedhu yoo ta’u
summaariyaa keessatti bara 2000 (BC) tti barreeffame.
Impaayeriin Room jaarraa 16ffaa xumurarratti kufe. Itti aanee sirna fiiwudaalaa Iroopi keessatti itti
fufe.Yeroos amantiin kirstaanaa yiroop keessatti babal’achaa waan tureef kitaabooleen
barreeffamaniis irra caalaa amantii waliin walqbatanidha.Luboonni amantaa yeroos “parchment”
irratti dhimmoota amantii barreessu ture.
Kitaabooleen barreeffaman kunneen akka hojii aartiitti ilaalamu waa ta’eef baay’ee
eegamu.yeroo kanan (yeroos) kitaaboota barreessuufi haata`u dubbisuuf rakkooleen garaagaraa
turan isaan keessa muraasni
Garuu Sirni Fiiwdaalaa motummaa gidduu galeessa ta’ee waan jabaachaa deemeef, gibira
sassaabuufi daangaa isaanii babal`isuuf odeeffannoo dabalataa isaan barbaachise.Kun ammo
barreeffamni mana amantii qofa osoo hinta’iin bakka kaanittillee akka baballatu sababa ta’e
Kanaaf suuqii barreeffamaa (Witing shope )bakka baay’eetti baname.
Ta’uus gatii isaaniifi adeemsa barreessuun salphaa hin turreFkn: jaarraa 14ffaa keessa kitaaba
tokko barreessuuf yoo xinnaate waggaa tokko fudhata.
Haata’u malee fedhiin namoota kitaaba dubbisuuf qaban guddaa ture. Garuu dhiyeessi kitaabaa
baay’ee gadaanaa fi gatiiniis guddaa ture.Kanaaf yeroo sanaa kitaababitanii dubbisuuf carraa
qaban warra qabeenya fi aangoo qaban ture.
Rakkoon kun nannoo bara 1450 dhaabbatini maxxansaa deddeema (mobile) ta’e uumamuusaatiin
furmaata argate.
Umama maxxansaatiin wantoonni hedduun sababa yoo ta’anis inni jalqabaan warri chaayiinaa
waraqaa uumuusaaniti. Chayinaan yeroo jalqabaatiif meeshaa mukarraa tolfame “block
printing” jedhamu uumuu isheetiin beekamti
Kanamalees meeshaa supheefi mukarraa maashiinii asiifi achi (mobile) deemu uumanii
turan.Warri kooriyaanis jaarraa 15 keessaa maashiinii maxxansaa deddeemaa sibiila irraa
hojjataniiru.
Dhumarratti Johan Guten Berg lammii Jarman mana maxxansaa (printing press) deddeemaa
sibilaa irraa hojjeteera.
Kanumaan kitaaba qulqulluu bara 1453 maxxanseera.Kalaqa nama kanaa biyya Awurooppaa
keessatti babal’ate.Waggaa30 boodas magaaloota 110 Awrooppaalixa keessatte mana maxxansaa
gargaaramaa turan.Kana booda kitaaboota heddu maxxanfamaniiru. Fkn : Bara 1500 keessa
kitaabilee kumaataman lakka’aman jiru ture.Kitaaboonni waan baay’eefaa deemaanif gatiin
isaanii gadi bu’aa deeme.Gatiin kitaabaa baay’ee gadibu’aa deemeef akka durii warraa aangoofi
sooreessa qofatu fayyadama hinturre.
Suuta suuta ammo Afaan Jarman Firenchi fi Engliziin gargaaramanii kitaaba maxxansuu
eegalan.
Haalli kun ammo baballachaa deemuun afaan ofiitiin fayyedamanii kitaaba maxxansuun kun
miira sabbontummaa Awurooppaa keessatti uume.
Fkn: qorannoon saayinstoota Galillo fi Newton gaama saayinsiitiin gomaacha godhan jaarraa
17ffaa keessa haata’umalee kitaaboota isaanii kan maxxanse maxxansa kitaaba jaarraa 15ffaa keessa
kan kalaqame dha.
Colombus Ameerkaa yeroo jalqabaaf argatu, maxxansi sadarkaa gaariirraa waan jiruuf hojiin
isaa yeroo waggaa tokko booda Iyiroop keessa sirritti beekameera.
Telegraafii Telefoonii
Walqunnamtii hamma yoonaa jiran furuu kan hin dandeenye rakkoo guddaa kan ta’e rakkoo
yeroofi bakka dhufaatii telegraafiif telephooniin furame.
Toftaaleen kunneen 1700 eegale uumamnisaas uumama elektirikii waliin walqabata dha.jechi
“Teelegraaf” jedhu kun maddi isaa “Girik” yemmuu ta’u jedha Girik “Telegraph” jedhurraa
fuudhame. Hiikti isaas “to write at distance” jechuu dha.
Bara 1830 fi 1840 keessa biyyoota Amerikaafi Ingliz keessatti telegirafiin haalaan hojiirra
ooleera.Meeshaan kun akka uumamu gahee guddaa kan taphate lammii biyya Amerikaa
samu’eel morsee jedhama.
Footography fi Suura Socho’aa /photograph and Motion Picture/. Yeroo jalqabaaf kan
kalaqame bara 1827 nama “Joseph Nice Phore”yoo ta`uguddina keemisitiiriiwaliia kan
walqabatee dha.
BOQONNAA SADII
BOQONNAA SADII
Walqunnamtii ofii waliin taasisnu ilaalcha ofiif qabnu waliin kanwal qabata dha.Karaa biraatiin
walqunnamtii ofii waliin taasisuun: akkaataa waan tokki simannu dha; akkaataa waan tokkoof
ilaalcha qabnu dha badaa, gaarii jennee wantoota karaa ilaallu dha.
Isaan kana kan murtessus, aadaa, amantaa, naannoo, dandeettii, beekumsa, gatii wantootaf
kenninu, ilaalcha wantootaf qabnu dha.
Walqunnamtii dhuunfaan, hubannoo tofiif qabnu dha.hubannoo ofiif qabnu yemmuu jennu,
ilaalcha ofiif qabnu namoonni waa’ee kootti ilaalcha akkanaa qabu jennee yaadnu, haala nuti
keessa jirruu akkaataa ilaalluufi gara fuula duraa ta’uuf kan feenu waliin kan walqabate dha.
• Open
It is called open because many of a person’s behaviors, motivation, feelings likes and dislike are
openly communicated to other.
2. Blind
Your are blind to what others perceive about you Feed back can make you aware of this
information but you may or may not decide to adapt or change.
• Role/ gahee namoota lamaanii jiraachuu isaa Two-way: kallattii lamaanuu gaggeeffamuu
isaa.
Biiroo
Yomeessa eessatti bakka gabaa
Wal gahii
Bara
Gammachuu gadda . . .
• Enyummaa qunnamaa
Kun gosa walqunnamtii keessa isa sadaffaati. Walqunnamtiin kun walqunnamtii dhunfaan
namoota kaan waliin cimsachuuf gahee olaanaa qaba.Fknf nama naannoo (olla), mana barumsaa,
bakka hojiifi k.k.f ta’uu danda’a.
Innis kallattii garaagaraatiin ibsamuus 3-20 jiddutti akan adeemsifamu dha.Walqunnamtii garee
keessatti hirmachuuf /qooda fudhachuuf:-Odeeffannoo kennuu/yaada kaasuu gaaffii
dhiyeessuu,deeggarsa taasisuu fknf mallattoon, afaaniin
• Maddi ergaa gosa walqunnamtii kanaa namoota ykn garee kayyoo tokko galmaan gahuuf
waliin hojjetani dha.
• Ergaan gama kanaan darbu adeemsa waxxaxaa keessa kan darbudha. Itti yaadamee
qophaa’ee sadarkaa adda addaa keessa kan darbu dha.
• Kallatiin odeeffannoon itti darbu baay’ee dha. Fknf:- TV, Raadiyoo, Interneetii
• Namoonni ergaa fudhatan ergaa fudhatanirratti yaada kennuuf carraa qaban baay’ee
dhiphaadha.
Sababnisaas jara odeeffannoo dabarsaan waliin baffalatti walarguuf carraan waan hin jirreef
Odeeffannoo kennuu, Barsiisuuf: (kaan caalaa yeroo gabaabaa keessatti namoota heddu bira
gahuun barsiisuu danda`a).Walitti dhufeenya sabaafi saba fi akkasumas namoota jidduu jiru
cimsachuuf. Aadaa naannoo tokka naannoo biraa wajjiin wal barsiisuu muuxannoo nannoo
hawaasa tokko hawaasa biroof barsiisuu beeksisuu. Bashansiisuuf……
Seenaa meshaalee sabqunnamtii keessaa inni kun isa jalqabaati. Meeshaaleen elekitironiksii akka
ammaa hin babal’atin dura odeeffannoo/ergaan mallattooleebarreeffamaniin tamsa’aa ture.
Meeshaalee sabqunnamtii barreeffamaa kan jedhaman kenneen gurguddoo ta’an, gaazexaa,
kitaaba, biroosharii, barrulee fi kkf ni dha.
• Kitaabolee :-
Seenaan kitaabooleen hammayyaa hojii Gutanbarg (meeshaa maxxansaa isa jalqbaa kan
uumedha) waliin wal qabata.
• Yeroo ammaa kana meeshaaleen elekitironiksi dhiibbaa irran gahanis tajaajilli isaan
kennaa jiran akka salphaatti kan ilaalamu miti
• Meeshaaleen elekitironiksi gatiin isaanii mi’aa yoo ta’u kitaaboleen garuu gatii madaala
wan haala salpha ta’eetiin dubbistoota biraa gahuu danda’a. Ragaan kanelekitironiksi
yeroo gabaabaa booda yammuukibaabni garuuyeroo dheeraaf odeeffannoo isaa tursuu ni
danda’a.
• Galaalchawwan /Gazexaa/
• Biroosharii
Barreeffamoota hojii beeksisa waliin kun wal qabatanidha.Kunis wa’ee dhimma tokko
waraqaa dadacha’u fi qabanaaf ta’urratti kan odeeffannoo bal’aa ittiin dhiyaatu dha.Sagantaa
mataasaa kan qabu osoo hin ta’iin haala yeroo irratti hunda’uun kan barreeffamu dha.
• Kaayyoon maxxanfamuuf ergaa wan tokko dabarsuuf malee gurgurtaaf ykn kallattiin
gatii itti argachuuf miti.
• Hojjetoonni leenjii adda addaa teeknoloogii waliin wal barsiisu fudhachuu qabu
• Sagantaaleen dhiyaatan kana malee sagantaaleen seenaa, eenyummaa, aadaa nannoo sana
guddisuuf kan hojjetu ta’uu qaba.
• Tamsaasa radiyoo tokko osoo hin jalqabiin dura fedhii ummataa sakatta’uun beektonni ni
dubbatu. Kana malees yeroo jalqabuus sagantichi fedhii ummataa baadiyyaafi magaala
kan gidduu galeessa qodhate ta’uu qaba.
Tamsaasa TV
Ergaan waan dhagahan caalaa wanta arganitu caalaatti amanamaafi fudhatamaa qaba. Hin
dagatamus.Sagantaan TV Sagantaa adda addaa qaba fknf:- Oduu, beeksisa, bohaartii, marii
ummataa, odeeffannoo waliigalaa, waa’ee misoomaa fi kkf.
Tamsaasni TVn karaa lamaatiin darbuu danda’a. Isaanis sagantaan gulaalamee darbuufi sagantaa
kallattiin (live recorded transmission and live transmition). Akka hayyonni jedhanitti gabaasa
(jedhan) jedhanii dubbachuurraa kallattiidhaan “live”n irra caalaa amanamaa dha.
• Guddina biyyaaf, aadaa Afaan eenyummaa hawaasa sanaa ykn biyya tokkoof hojjechuu
qaba.
• Kaasseetti
• DVD, CD filaashii . . . . .
BOQONNAA AFUR
Namoota waliin walqunnamtii yeroo uumnu mallattoo akka fayyadamnu boqonnawwan darban
keessa ilaalleerra. Mallattoolee walqunnamtiif fayyadamnu ammo, mallattooafaanii/jecha
fayyadamuun yookiin ammoofi miti afanii/jechoota afaaniiverbal and none verbal
communication) malee walqunnamtii akka uumuu hindandeenye ilaalleerra. (Boqonnaa kana
keessatti gosoota walqunnamtii isaan kana ilaalla.
• Uffannaa ofii sirreessuu /namni dura isaa alaa ilaala malee isa keessaa hin ilaalu.
- Haala naannoo
Mariin/ Conversation
Mariin tokko ergaafi muxannoo wal jijjiiruuf bu’aa qabeessa kan ta’u, namoonni hirmaatan
dhimmicharratti hubannoo walgitu yoo qabatan, Walitti dhufeenyi namoota hirmaatan jidduu jiru
gaarii yoo ta’e dha. Sababiibnsaas mariin walitti dhufeenya namootarratti xiyyeeffata waan
ta`eef.
Haasawaa/ Speech
Hasawaa keessatti irri caala nama tokkootu dubbata baayooliin ammo dhaggeeffatu.
Hirmaannaan hirmaattootaa daangahaa dha.xiyyeeffannaan isaas irri caalaaa wanta dubbatamu
irratti dha malee namootarratti miti.
Fknf Xalayaa,
Xalayaa waajiraa: waajjira tokko irraa gara waajira kaaniitti ergamu dha.
Office Memoo: yadannoo xalayaa waajira tokko keessatti bakka adda addaatti barreeffamu dha.
• Kanaaf ergaa barbaadame sirritti kallattidhaan dabarsuuf, dhimmicha karaa ifa ta’eefi,
tartiibaan dhiyeessuun barbaachisaa dha.
• Haasaa osoo hinfxiin addaan kutuu dhiisuu dirqama yoo ta’e dhiifama gaafachuun
turtee akka bilbiltu ibsuu
• Osoo hin cutiin dura nama siwaliin haasahu dubbii isaa xumurusaa mirkaneessuu.
Magarsaa Caltuu
Ambo Jimma
Naqamteera Baaleerra
• Marsisuuf yeroo dhaan argamuu bakkaafi enyummaa isaanii akka beeksisan yadachisuu
Mallattoolee Waliigaltee Adunyaa fi kan Aadaa kan adunyaa fkn fannoo diimaa kanHIV
Sochii Qaamaa: Body Languageibsa fuulaa, sochiiharkaa, ijaa, mataa raasuu haala miillaa fi kkf