Framework and Methods For Mainstreaming Biodiversity in The CLUPs of LGUs

Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Local Land Use Planning
Process of Local Government Units (LGUs)
FRAMEWORK AND METHODS
Prepared by:
Partnerships for Biodiversity Conservation:

Mainstreaming in Local Agricultural Landscapes
(Biodiversity Partnerships Project)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 NEED FOR AND OBJECTIVES OF MAINSTREAMING..................................................................... 3
2.1 Why Mainstreaming is Necessary ........................................................................................... 3
3.0 EXPECTED RESULTS OF MAINSTREAMING STUDY ...................................................................... 4
4.0 PRINCIPLES OF MAINSTREAMING ............................................................................................... 5
5.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION IN LOCAL LAND USE
PLANNING PROCESS................................................................................................................................ 6
5.1 Protected Areas (PAs) ............................................................................................................. 6
5.2 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) ............................................................................................... 11
6.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING....................................................................... 15
7.0 FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING IN THE LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS . 16
7.1 Issues and Concerns Addressed by Mainstreaming.............................................................. 16
7.2 Approach in Mainstreaming ................................................................................................. 17
7.3 Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming .......................................................................................... 19
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Linking PAMP with CLUP ......................................................................................................... 18
Table 2. Key Roles of Mandated Organizations in Mainstreaming ....................................................... 19
Table 3. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in Comprehensive Land Use Plan)
(Adopting HLURB 12 Steps CLUP Process) ............................................................................................ 24
Table 4. Template for Writing Biodiversity Conservation-Responsive CLUP ........................................ 34
Table 5. Template for Writing Biodiversity Conservation Responsive Zoning Ordinance .................... 37
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in the Land Use Planning Process ....................... 21
Figure 2. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in the Land Use Planning Process (Adopting
HLURB 12 Steps in CLUP Process (HLURB, 2012) .................................................................................. 22
Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Local
Land Use Planning Process of LGUs
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Protecting and conserving biodiversity resources is important because they provide human
population with ecological life support services and economic benefits as well. Biodiversity
has both direct and indirect use values. Direct use values of biodiversity refer to harvestable
products that include raw materials and extracts with medicinal uses and/or manufactured
into pharmaceutical products; agricultural uses that include crops, biological pest controls
and pollinators; and consumptive uses that include wood, fish, and meat, among other
material goods for consumption.
Indirect values are ecological services that provide life support systems benefitting the
human population such as biogeochemical cycles, waste disposal, and provision of fresh
water, prevention of soil erosion, regulation of climate and provision of ecotourism
amenities, among others. The diversity of the biological composition of forest ecosystem
and coastal habitats sustains the stability and productivity of their ecological functions
which provide vital life support services and material products that benefit human
population.
The geographic location, diverse habitats and high rates of endemism in the country makes
it one of the 18 mega biodiversity countries in the world. The Philippines is reported to rank
fifth in terms of diversity in plant species and fourth in bird endemism. It is also second to
Australia in terms of coral reef and seagrass biodiversity. The country harbors 19 species of
seagrass or about 55% of the number of species in East Asia. Most of the largest areas of
seagrasses are found in the coastal waters of Palawan province. About 25 genera of plants
and 49% of wildlife are endemic to the country. Furthermore, inland waters host 121
endemic and 76 threatened freshwater species (PAWB, 2009). However, in 2009, the PAWB
reported that there were 24 of 148 or 16% of animal species and 14% of 695 plant species
that are critically endangered.
The rate at which the country’s endemic species of plants and animals are threatened with
extinction is a cause for alarm that calls for immediate concerted efforts among various
institutions and organizations. The protection and conservation of critical habitats requires
close coordination among the different national government agencies, LGUs, NGOs, the
private sectors and local community organizations.
The degradation and further threats to the country’s biodiversity come in many forms.
These include: encroachment and land conversion; widespread extraction of biodiversity
resources; wildfires; hunting of wildlife; pollution of lakes, rivers and streams and coastal
waters; and invasion by alien species. Improperly planned and poorly implemented
development projects also created negative externalities to biodiversity conservation.
Mining projects had encroached on key biodiversity areas; tourism infrastructure, roads and
ports had been constructed near or closely adjacent to protected landscapes and seascapes.
But the most serious concern is the illegal occupation and clearing up of biodiversity rich
areas by informal settlers for housing, agriculture and the cutting down of forest and
hunting of wildlife for their daily household needs and livelihood. Because of these
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activities, critical habitats become fragmented and human settlements eventually take over
in the use of biodiversity areas.
About two thirds of national and natural parks in the country are occupied by human
settlements with one quarter of these parks in degraded conditions due to cultivation of
agricultural crops and conversion to other non-forest land uses. Fragmentation of PAs is also
common. Luzon, for example, has a total of 341,000 hectares under PA but this is non-
contiguous and is comprised of 34 PAs that are separated by large pockets of agriculture
and other land uses (PAWB, 2009, Cabrido, 2010).
Diverse forest and coastal habitats are also exposed to natural hazards such as strong
typhoons and storm surges, respectively. Over the long-term, climate change poses a big
threat to the survival of vulnerable species including those which have low tolerance for
temperature increase and extreme wet conditions.
To arrest biodiversity decline and to protect and manage significantly important ecosystems,
the government has enacted in 1991, the National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) Act under Republic Act 7586. As of June 2012, the government has identified 240
Protected Areas (PAs) including the Initial Components of NIPAS (PAWB, 2012). Of this total,
the President formally proclaimed 113 PAs covering a total area of 3.57 million hectares
(ha). Of the 113 proclaimed protected areas, 29 are marine protected areas with a total area
of 1.37 million hectares while 84 are terrestrial protected areas covering an area of 2.20
million hectares. Thirteen (13) PAs have specific laws designating them as part of the NIPAS
(PAWB, 2012). These PAs are comprised of 9 of the initial components and 4 additional
areas, as follows:
1) Batanes Island Protected Landscape and Seascape;

2) Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park;
3) Bangan Hills;
4) Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape;
5) Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park;
6) Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park;
7) Sagay Marine Reserve;
8) Central Cebu Protected Landscape;
9) Mimbilisan Protected Landscape;
10) Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park;
11) Mt. Malindang Natural Park;
12) Mt. Apo Natural Park; and
13) Mt Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary.
However, the enforcement of laws and regulations to protect these biodiversity-rich areas
and the implementation of their management plans and programs remain inadequate due
to government’s meager resources available, both human and financial. In many areas,
conservation and protection efforts are minimal and fragmented due to lack of coordination
among key players such as the national government agencies, LGUs, NGOs, the private
sector and local peoples’ organizations. This is further compounded by the lack of
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awareness and political will by local government executives in supporting biodiversity

conservation.
It is only prudent that the national government agencies, which are charged with the
management of PAs, harness the cooperation of LGUs and local stakeholders’ organizations
in the implementation of biodiversity protection programs. Thus, it becomes imperative that
a mechanism to mainstream biodiversity conservation into the LGUs’ governance system be
developed and adopted to realize this partnership. The integration of biodiversity
conservation into the decision-making, land use planning, zoning and program
implementation of LGUs is a critical first step to realize and institutionalize the co-
management of PAs, KBAs and Critical Habitats (CHs) between them and the DENR.
Fostering co-management with LGUs is critical in identifying highly threatened areas and in
monitoring and restricting occupation and production use of high risk areas. The DENR can
work out with LGUs various land use management options to conserve biodiversity. These
options include:
 Assessment of the long term implications of existing land uses on PAs, KBAs and CHs
 Integration of PA zoning with CLUP zoning
 Zoning of KBAs and CHs as part of CLUP zoning
 Monitoring of KBAs and CHs and limiting agriculture and settlements to multiple use
zones
 Relocation of incompatible land uses within and in the periphery of CH, KBA
protection areas and PA core or strict protection zone.
2.0 NEED FOR AND OBJECTIVES OF MAINSTREAMING
2.1 Why Mainstreaming is Necessary
At present, many of the LGUs which host protected areas incorporate available information
and maps on protected areas in their CLUPs. The LGU planners integrate these information
and data on PAs in their ecological profile and proposed land use plan. However, they simply
“cut and paste” this information without doing much analysis on how their proposed land
use and spatial development plan can support and enhance the protection and
management of PAs. In many cases, they just carve out the extent of PAs as constrained
area for development without further evaluating and recommending how the different
zonation such as multiple and buffer zones can be put into good and sound uses.
It is quite glaring that when CLUPs are reviewed by LGU planners, they lack substantial
disposition on how to treat KBAs and CHs in their spatial development plan. First, LGU
planners are not able to easily find and include information on KBAs and CHs in their CLUPs.
Second, they do not know how to treat KBAs when they are given information on these
simply because they have ambiguous understanding about KBAs compared to PAs. Some
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KBAs, particularly important bird areas (IBAS) are point data and LGUs may find them
difficult to map without a GIS facility.
Given the above planning situations, the LGU planners need to know the difference
between PAs, KBAs and CHs to understand and appreciate the importance of integrating
these in their CLUPs. They must also be given technical guidance in the form of a tool or
guidelines in the integration of PAs, KBAs and CHs in their CLUPs.
To initiate co-management of biodiversity with LGUs, the DENR needs to capacitate first
those LGUs’ hosting PAs and KBAs in mainstreaming biodiversity protection in their spatial
development and land use planning. In this context, the theme and objective of this exercise
is to provide a tool for mainstreaming and at the same time train key government and LGU
planners in applying this tool for melding biodiversity conservation in spatial and land use
planning.
The key intention of this project, therefore, is to increase the capacity of the LGUs in
mainstreaming biodiversity conservation in production landscapes/seascapes. This objective
can be realized through DENR-PAWB partnerships with other mandated national
government agencies particularly the HLURB, DILG and the LGUs.
Through the process of mainstreaming, biodiversity conservation becomes part of local

decision making, land use and development planning at the LGU level. LGUs, local
organizations and communities will have a better understanding and appreciation of the
importance of biodiversity thereby facilitating mobilization of their efforts in its protection
and conservation through this mainstreaming process.
3.0 EXPECTED RESULTS OF MAINSTREAMING STUDY
It is expected that this Framework and Methods for biodiversity mainstreaming developed
under the project entitled “Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation: Mainstreaming into
Local Agricultural Landscape” or BPP would provide the platform for integrating biodiversity
in local land use and development decision-making and planning processes and program
implementation. It will also lay the preliminary groundwork to instill responsibilities to LGUs
and stakeholders in protecting biodiversity and institutionalize the process of doing so in
local governance system. As a result, the LGUs and local stakeholders will be encouraged to
undertake action programs to protect biodiversity and become partners of DENR in
biodiversity conservation.
Through mainstreaming, priority issues, policies and strategies and development programs
on biodiversity conservation become part of the local governance system thereby ensuring
the sustainability of initiatives of this project. The final output expected from the
mainstreaming is a biodiversity-conservation responsive CLUP.
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4.0 PRINCIPLES OF MAINSTREAMING
The mainstreaming framework is guided by the following principles:
 Promote co-management and participatory governance. Stakeholders’ should be

able to participate in the planning, resource sharing schemes and implementation of
biodiversity conservation and protection programs. The responsibility in biodiversity
conservation and protection should be shared by all the stakeholders. This includes
allocating in the LGU regular budget and from the 20% development funds a share
for biodiversity conservation
 Translate national biodiversity policies into local actions. The goals and objectives of
biodiversity conservation and protection should be localized for implementation on
the ground by the combined efforts of the national agencies such as DENR, HLURB
and LGUs.
 Reduce or eliminate threats to biodiversity resources. The various serious threats to

PAs and KBAs must be identified and their root causes defined at the local level in
order to find effective long-lasting solutions to them.
 Protection is the primordial concern in sustaining the ecological services and

economic benefits derived from biodiversity. Hence, strict protection zones should
be guarded closely to enforce the regulations regarding its management.
 Direct and promote sustainable production use in suitable areas in PAs and KBAs
such as the multiple use zone and certain portions of the buffer zone to provide
livelihood support to upland settlers and indigenous communities. Areas where
limited production is allowed needs to be identified delineated and mapped out for
management purposes.
 Uphold the property rights of IPs to their ancestral land and sea domain as provided
for in the IPRA law but disallow extractive activities in strict protection zone in
accordance with existing laws such as the NIPAS and the Revised Forestry Code. The
regulations concerning the strict protection zone should be integrated in the IPs
Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development Plan and Program (ADSDPP).
 Plan and sustain the management of buffer zone to properly shield PA/KBA/CH
against encroachment. Maintain wildlife corridors to allow freely the movement of
wildlife.
 Recognition and mitigation of the negative impacts of land and water use activities in
watersheds, upstream and areas adjacent to PAs, KBAs and CHs such as siltation of
corals, pollution of pristine lakes, spread of pests and diseases and exotic plant and
animal species. .
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 Institute system for surveillance, monitoring and law enforcement in strict

protection zone for collaborative undertaking of concerned institutions and local
community organizations. Local stakeholders must be educated and mobilized to
enforce protection and conservation measures in PAs/KBAs/CHs.
5.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY

PROTECTION IN LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
There are adequate number of Philippine laws that support biodiversity protection and
conservation. The legal framework for PAs/KBAs/CHs is discussed in this section to guide
mainstreaming work by LGUs in their CLUP. The PA legal framework describes the different
categories of protected areas, the Initial Components of the PA system, the preparation of
the Integrated Protected Area Plan (IPAP) which can be interfaced or integrated with CLUP,
the PA zonation that can be juxtaposed with the city/municipal zoning, and the allowable
and prohibited uses in the PA zone categories.
The KBAs are not yet defined by law but is recognized in several policy and legal issuances
which are described in this section. Several definitions of KBA including the criteria for
identifying and selecting them are also provided for the understanding of LGUs and will
serve to guide them in the integration process. A brief description of the allowable and
prohibited uses of KBAs is likewise presented.
Understanding the legal framework for PAs and KBAs is a key to the process and approach in
mainstreaming biodiversity protection and conservation objectives in various stages of the
CLUP preparation. The legal framework for PAs and KBAs serves as the foundation and basis
for integrating biodiversity concerns in the CLUP.
5.1 Protected Areas (PAs)
Section 2.1.3 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS) mandates that “The management plan of protected areas
shall be integrated with the comprehensive land use plan of the local government units.”
This rule is cognizant of the critical role of LGUs in the protection and conservation of
biodiversity within their territorial jurisdiction. Similarly, Memorandum Order No. 289 was
issued in July 5, 1995 directing the integration of the Philippines' strategy for biological
diversity conservation in the sectoral plans, programs and projects of the national
government agencies and the operationalization of the objectives of sustainable biological
diversity resource management and development.
The NIPAS Act provides the legal framework for the establishment and management of
protected areas in the Philippines. The Law defines protected areas as the identified
portions of land and/or water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological
significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive
human exploration.
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The Act established different categories of protected areas to include: Strict Nature Reserve,
National Park, Natural Park, Natural Monument, Wildlife Sanctuary, Protected Landscape
and Seascape, Resource Reserve, National Biotic Area and other categories established by
law or international agreements to which the Philippine government is a signatory. In 1997,
the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) of the DENR spearheaded the formulation
of the National Biodiversity Strategic and Action Plan (NBSAP) to guide the protection and
conservation of biodiversity resources in the country including the establishment and
management of protected areas (PAs). In 2002, the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation
Priority Program (PBCPP), a second iteration of the NBSAP was prepared identifying and
mapping key biodiversity areas (KBAs) in the country.
The legal definitions of the categories of PAs, as provided for under NIPAS Act and
elaborated to some extent in the IRR for NIPAS are as follows:
 Strict Nature Reserve - an area possessing some outstanding ecosystem features

and/or species of flora and fauna of national scientific importance maintained to
protect nature and maintain processes in an undisturbed state in order to have
ecologically representative examples of the natural environment available for
scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and for the maintenance of
genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state;
 National Park refers to a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness

character which has been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of
exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside as
such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and
historic objects, wild animals and plants therein and to provide enjoyment of these
features in such areas. It shall also refer to the land of public domain classified as
such in the 1987 Constitution which include all areas under the NIPAS pursuant to
R.A. 7586 primarily, designated for the conservation of native plants and animals and
their associated habitats and cultural diversity;
 Natural Park - a relatively large area not materially altered by human activity where
extractive resource uses are not allowed and maintained to protect outstanding
natural and scenic areas of national or international significance for scientific,
educational and recreational use;
 Natural Monument - a relatively small area focused on the protection of small

features to protect or preserve nationally significant natural features on account of
their special interest or unique characteristics;
 Wildlife Sanctuary - an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to

protect nationally significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or
physical features of the environment where these may require specific human
manipulation for their perpetuation;
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 Protected Landscapes and Seascapes - areas of national significance which are

characterized by the harmonious interaction of man and land while providing
opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the
normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas;
 Resource Reserve - an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area

normally with difficult access designated as such to protect natural resources of the
area for future use and prevent or contain development activities that could affect
the resource pending the establishment of objectives which are based upon
appropriate knowledge and planning;
 Natural Biotic Area - an area set aside to allow the way of life of societies living in
harmony with the environment to adapt to modern technology at their pace; and
 Other categories established by law, conventions or international agreements which

the Philippine Government is a signatory.
The IRR of the NIPAS Act (DENR Administrative Order No. 2008-26. Revised Implementing
Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 7586 or the National Integrated Protected Areas
System (NIPAS) Act of 1992) provides three categories of zones for PAs and a Special Use
zone, namely:
 Buffer zones are identified areas outside the boundaries of an immediately adjacent
to designated protected areas pursuant to Section 8 of the NIPAS Act that need
special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm to the protected
area;
 Multiple Use Zone - pertains to the management zone of protected areas where
settlement, traditional and/or sustainable land-use including agriculture, agro-
forestry, and other income generating or livelihood activities may be allowed
consistent with the Management Plan. It also includes, among others, areas of high
recreational tourism, educational or environmental awareness values and areas with
existing installations of national significance interest such as facilities/structures for
renewable energy, telecommunication and hydro-electric power generation, among
others;
 Strict Protection Zone - pertains to the management zones of protected areas

consisting of natural areas with high biodiversity value closed to all human activities
except for scientific studies and/or ceremonial or religious use by the ICCs/IPs. It may
include habitats of threatened species, or degraded areas that have been designated
for restoration and subsequent protection, even if these areas are still in various
stages of regeneration; and
 Special Uses - include activities and/or developments such as ecotourism, camp sites,
communication, transmission, scientific monitoring stations/facilities, irrigation
canals or waterways, rights of way, aquaculture, agro-forestry and forest plantations,
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among others, that may be allowed in the multiple use and buffer zones of the
protected areas provided they are consistent with the IPAP or Management Plan.
These zonation categories are used in the preparation of the PA Management Plan. In
mainstreaming in the CLUP, these PA zones can be overlaid with the city/municipal zoning
to determine its compatibility and the validity of the latter. The PA zoning is superior to the
city/municipal zoning being a national law with local application compared to a zoning
ordinance issued by the LGU.
In the IRR of the NIPAS Act, the definition and disposition of Initial Components of the PAs
are provided. According to the law “All areas or islands in the Philippines proclaimed,
designated or set aside, pursuant to a law, presidential decree, presidential proclamation or
executive order as national park, game refuge, bird and wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area,
strict nature reserve, watershed, mangrove reserve, fish sanctuary, natural and historical
landmark, protected and managed landscape/seascape as well as identified virgin forests
before the effectivity of the NIPAS Act are hereby designated as initial components of the
System. The initial components of the System shall be governed by existing laws, rules and
regulations not inconsistent with the NIPAS Act.“ The DENR is mandated to study the status
of the Initial Components and recommend to the President or Congress their establishment
under the NIPAS or disestablishment, whichever is appropriate based on the evaluation
criteria set by the DENR.
Moreover, the IRR stipulates that “Coastal conservation areas which are managed as fish
refuges and sanctuaries pursuant to RA 8550 or the Fisheries Code and RA 7160 or the Local
Government Code may be established as a protected area under the NIPAS following the
requirements and procedures as specified in these Rules.”
The preparation of Initial Protected Area Plan (IPAP) is also mandated under the NIPAS Act.
The IPAP is prepared considering the results of the Protected Area Suitability Assessment
(PASA) conducted by the DENR and the plans of the Local Government Units (LGUs) and
other stakeholders. The Regional Office of the DENR will take the lead in the preparation of
the IPAP, which minimum contents include the following:
1) Rationale for the establishment of the protected area;

2) Proposed boundaries including buffer zones, if any;
3) An initial designation of the strict protection and multiple use zones specifying the
purposes, strategies and allowable uses for each zone; and
4) Map indicating the location of the zones.
The IPAP shall serve as the basis for the planning and budgeting and management of the
protected area until established through presidential proclamation or by law. A
management plan (PAMP) is also required to be prepared and approved by the PAMB
before the funds are provided.
The PA Management Plan will define the key strategies in the planning and implementation
of programs and projects. These strategies include: promotion of the adoption and
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implementation of innovative management techniques such as zoning, buffer zone

management for multiple use and protection, habitat conservation and rehabilitation,
biodiversity management, community organizing, socio-economic and scientific researches,
site-specific policy development, pest management, and fire control, among others. The
management planning strategy shall also provide guidelines for the protection of indigenous
cultural communities, other tenured migrant communities and for close coordination
between and among local government units, other government agencies as well as the
private sector (NIPAS Act IRR).
The PAWB is mandated to review the PA Management Plan. The prescribed minimum
contents of the PAMP are as follows:
1) Description of the protected area;

2) Situational analysis including key management issues and concerns;
3) Goals and objectives;
4) Management strategies and interventions;
5) Description of management zones as well as major activities allowed/prohibited
therein;
6) 5-year work and financial plan for the implementation of the Management Plan; and
7) Monitoring and evaluation
Notably, the content outline of the PAMP has close similarities with the content outline of
CLUP. Hence, this makes it easier to integrate the PAMP’s relevant contents as inputs in the
CLUP. However, the lack of biodiversity profile and even initial management plans for KBAs
makes it difficult for mainstreaming work in the CLUP to be done.
The NIPAS Act also stipulated some prohibited activities inside the PA which are as follows:
1) Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere possession of any plants or animals or

products derived from the protected areas without a permit from the PA
Management Board;
2) Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the protected area, or to the plants
and animals or inhabitants therein;
3) Use of any motorized equipment without a permit from the PA Management Board;
4) Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural beauty, or objects of interest to
cultural communities (of scenic value);
5) Damaging and leaving roads and trails in a damaged condition;
6) Squatting or otherwise occupying any land;
7) Mineral locating within protected areas;
8) Constructing and maintaining any kind of structure, fence or enclosures, conducting
any business enterprise without permit;
9) Leaving in an exposed or unsanitary conditions refuse or debris, or depositing in
ground or in bodies of water; and
10) Altering, removing, destroying or defacing boundary mark or signs.
The NIPAS Act requires the establishment of Buffer zones whenever the ecological integrity
of the protected area or initial components based on the PASA and socio-economic studies
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is threatened by anthropogenic activities. These threats include actual and potential sources
of pollution; invasive species; and/or encroachment of adjacent communities. The buffer
zones will also allocate lands serving as natural and semi-natural corridors for faunal
movements and for interchange of species.
Buffer zones may include public or private lands and its management is included as part of
the protected area management plan. The authority to manage buffer zones is lodged at the
DENR. Three criteria are used in the identification and establishment of the buffer zone:
1) Ecological Criteria - refer to the capability of the site to serve as an additional layer of
protection by providing extension of habitats or corridors for wildlife and other
ecological services.
2) Economic criteria - refer to the capacity of the site to provide gainful employment
and sustainable alternative sources of livelihood for local communities, to deflect
pressure away from the protected area.
3) Social criteria - refer to the capacity of the site to provide a social fence against the
threat of encroachment by communities residing near or adjacent the protected
area.
5.2 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
Two universal definitions of KBAs stand out in the scientific literature. These definitions and
their sources or authors are as follows:
1) KBAs are globally important sites that are large enough or sufficiently interconnected
to support viable populations of the species for which they are important (Bibby JC.
1998. Selecting areas for conservation. P. 176–201 in Sutherland WJ, ed.
Conservation Science and Action. Oxford (United Kingdom): Blackwell Science).
2) KBAs are sites of global significance for biodiversity conservation. They are identified
nationally using globally standard criteria and thresholds, based on the needs of
biodiversity requiring safeguards at the site scale. These criteria are based on the
framework of vulnerability and irreplaceability widely used in systematic
conservation planning (Langhammer, P.F., Bakarr, M.I., Bennun, L.A., Brooks, T.M.,
Clay, R.P., Darwall, W., De Silva, N., Edgar, G.J., Eken, G., Fishpool, L.D.C., Fonseca,
G.A.B. da, Foster, M.N., Knox, D.H., Matiku, P., Radford, E.A., Rodrigues, A.S.L.,
Salaman, P., Sechrest, W., and Tordoff, A.W. (2007), Identification and Gap Analysis
of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. Gland,
Switzerland: IUCN.)
The priority setting study for KBAs that was conducted by DENR, Conservation International
and Haribon Foundation entitled “Priority Sites for Conservation in the Philippines. Key
Biodiversity Areas” adopted the standard criteria based on the conservation planning
principles of vulnerability and irreplaceability. Vulnerability is measured by the confirmed
presence of one or more globally threatened species, while irreplaceability is determined
through the presence of geographically concerned species. The goal of establishing KBAs is
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to identify, document and protect networks of sites that are critical for the conservation of
globally important biodiversity.
The criterion based on vulnerability is defined as the occurrence of one or more globally
threatened species: Critically endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), or Vulnerable (VU)
according to IUCN Red List. In this regard, DAO 2004-15 was issued “Establishing the List of
Terrestrial Threatened Species and their Categories, and the List of Other Wildlife Species
Pursuant to Republic Act 9147, otherwise known as the Wildlife Resources Conservation and
Protection Act of 2001.” This issuance can serve as a reference on the list of threatened
species of flora and fauna in the country.
On the other hand, two criteria based on irreplaceability were used to prioritize KBAs. The
first criterion is the presence of restricted-range species (RR). KBAs based on this criterion
hold a significant proportion (provisionally set at 5%) of the global population of one or
more species with a limited global range size (provisionally set at 50,000 square kilometers).
Both the maximum range size and threshold appropriate for this criteria need further
testing. If no data on range and population size (global and local) are available, the use of
endemic species for restricted-range species can be the proxy criterion. The second criterion
is the presence of Congregatory species (CC). KBAs based on this criterion hold a significant
proportion (provisionally set at 1%) of the global population of a congregatory species
defined as species that gathers in large number at specific sites during some stage in their
life cycle (e.g., breeding aggregation).
Presently, there is no law dedicated to defining KBAs. However, KBAs are incorporated in
several issuances. In particular, EO 578 entitled “Establishing the National Policy on
Biological Diversity, Prescribing its Implementation throughout the Country, particularly in
the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor” (8
November 2006) has a section (Section 3) on critical habitats and KBAs.
Under EO 578, the DENR is given the responsibility to conduct public consultations, develop
and promulgate rules and regulations for the establishment of critical habitats within key
biodiversity areas. It is also mandated to provide the guidelines for the management and
protection of KBAs. This EO describes KBAs as “areas which are known to harbor habitats
and ecosystems critical for the survival of threatened, restricted-range, and congregatory
species.”
In addition, the DENR is also tasked under EO 578 to prepare the guidelines for the
Biodiversity impact assessment that will be integrated into the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) and the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) Processes being
administered by EMB. These biodiversity impact assessment guidelines will take into
consideration the guidelines adopted under the United Nations Convention on Biological
Diversity.
The Joint DENR, DA, PCSD Administrative Order 2004-01 and the IRR of the Wildlife Act
support the identification of KBAs. It considers the 170 terrestrial and 36 marine
conservation priority areas identified by the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priority
Setting Program as candidate sites for the establishment of critical habitats subject to a
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series of public consultations with all stakeholders such as the fisherfolks, Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources Management Councils (FARMCs), Local Government Units (LGUs),
Government Organizations (GOs), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs).
Identification of KBAs in the Philippines is based on the 117 important Bird Areas (IBAs)
identified for the country by the Haribon Foundation and Birdlife International and the 206
Conservation Priority Areas (CPAs) identified through the Philippine Biodiversity
Conservation Priority Setting Program. The 2004 IUCN Red List provides the list of
threatened species for the country as well as data on their conservation status, distribution,
threats, key contacts, and references.
After the KBAs are identified, their boundaries are delineated and mapped showing the
information on the distribution of species. Based on the study conducted by the DENR,
Conservation International and the Haribon Foundation, a total of 128 KBAs were identified
for 209 globally threatened and 419 endemic species of freshwater fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals, as well as for 62 species of congregatory birds. All species
protected under the Wildlife Act (RA 9147) are represented within at least one KBA. The
KBAs cover a total of 6,008,813 hectares or approximately 20% of the total land area of the
Philippines. Currently 45 of the 128 KBAs (35%) are protected because they have been
formally established as PAs under the NIPAS Act (RA 7586).
A more recent directive about KBAs was issued in February 28, 2008. This is DENR
Memorandum Circular No. 2007-02 which is titled “Guidelines on the Establishment and
Management of Critical Habitat.” Section 3 of the guidelines provides the basis for the
establishment of critical habitats. The presence of threatened species based on scientific
information is the primary consideration for determining areas that will be established as
critical habitats.
In the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) that was approved by the Climate
Change Commission (CCC), a resolution (Resolution No. 2 dated 22 November 2011) was
passed including two of the priority strategies for climate change adaptation --- 1) the
improved "management and conservation of protected areas and key biodiversity areas";
and 2) the enhancement of the "capacity for integrated ecosystem-based management
approach in protected areas and key biodiversity areas." These two strategies are aimed to
be achieved through the expansion of the network of protected areas (PAs) and key
biodiversity areas (KBAs); and by increasing knowledge and capacity for integrated
ecosystem-based management at the national, local and community levels.
KBAs are also included under the list of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) under
Presidential Decree No. 1586 “Establishing an Environmental Impact Statement System,
including Other Environmental Management Related Measures and For Other Purposes.”
Section 4 of the Presidential Proclamation of Environmentally Critical Areas and Projects
includes KBAs and those declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife
preserves and sanctuaries; and areas which constitute the habitat for any endangered or
threatened species of indigenous Philippine Wildlife (flora and fauna).
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Unlike for Protected Areas and Critical Habitats, there is no law that expressly prohibits
certain activities inside KBAs. Unless and until a KBA has been declared as a protected area
or designated as a critical habitat, it will not enjoy the level of protection required under the
NIPAS Act and Wildlife Act. A strategy to protect KBAs for now is to declare them as critical
habitats (CHs).
Following the Wildlife Act RA# 9147, under Chapter II Definition of Terms, Section 5, Rule
5.1 Additional Terms, paragraph ll. "Critical Habitats" refers to areas outside protected areas
under Republic Act 7586 that are known habitats of threatened species and designated as
such based on scientific data taking into consideration species endemicity and/or richness,
presence of man-made pressure/threats to the survival of wildlife living in the area, among
others. LGUs can declare and zone areas as CHs after seeking advise and concurrence of
DENR. Thus, they can include in their municipal zoning the category of CH and declare these
areas as non-development zones with explicit regulations in terms of prohibiting
development activities and land uses.
Another related law that supports the conservation of biodiversity is the Tourism Act of
2009 (RA 9593). The law promotes sustainable tourism development through the
“management of all resources that meets the needs of tourists and host regions while
protecting the opportunities for the future, in such a way that economic, social and
aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, biological diversity and life support systems.” The National Ecotourism Program
(NEP), jointly chaired by DOT and DENR is by far the most comprehensive program with
menu of interventions to support sustainable ecotourism.
The DENR and DOT in 2002 identified the following strategies to address issues at the
interface of ecotourism and protected area management:
 Slowing the rate and extent of habitat destruction through the development of
ecotourism livelihood projects;
 Adequately strengthening the PAMBs, DENR / PAWB and LGUs so they can provide
suitable visitor facilities and services;
 Using pragmatic approaches for managing concerns over the carrying capacities for
many protected areas; and
 Building partnerships between central and local government, communities and the
private sector so that ecotourism livelihood projects are commercially viable. The
economic alternatives of illegal logging and other extractive uses are far too
attractive unless ecotourism can be proven as a realistic alternative.
When planned and implemented properly, ecotourism can serve as a management tool for
conserving biodiversity assets. Local communities will protect biodiversity assets that
provide them livelihood and help to augment their income.
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6.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING
Land use planning in relation to environment and natural resources conservation has its
legal basis in the Local Government Code of 1991. Under this law, the responsibility for
fisheries and coastal resource management within municipal waters was devolved to LGUs.
The LGUs are also given the power to identify and establish MPAs through the passage of
city/municipal ordinances.
The following sections of the Local Government Code refer to the consideration of
environment and natural conservation and protection in local development planning and
program implementation:
 Municipal and City Mayor: Sec. 444 (b)(3)(vii) and Sec. 455 (b) (3) (vii)- “Adopt
adequate measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral, marine, forest, and
other resources of the municipality.”
 Sangguniang Bayan and Panglungsod: Sec. 447 (a)(1)(vi)] and Sec. 458 (a) (1) (vi) -
“Protect the environment and impose penalties for acts which endanger the
environment, such as dynamite fishing and other forms of destructive fishing, illegal
logging and smuggling of logs, smuggling of natural resources products and of
endangered species of flora and fauna, slash and burn farming, and such other
activities which result in pollution, acceleration of eutrophication of rivers and lakes,
or of ecological imbalance.”
 Sec 468(a)(1)(vi) – Mandates Provincial Sanggunian to Protect the environment and

impose appropriate penalties for acts which endanger the environment…
 Sec 3(i) – LGUs shall share with the national government the responsibility in the
management and maintenance of the ecological balance within their territorial
jurisdiction, and
 Sec 468(a)(2)(vi) – LGUs to prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of
property within the jurisdiction of the province.
The LGUs are also given the power to generate and apply resources (Section 18). Under this
provision, the LGUs are given the power and authority “to establish an organization that
shall be responsible for the efficient and effective implementation of their development
plans, program objectives and priorities; to create their own sources of revenue and to levy
taxes, fees and charges which shall accrue exclusively for their use and disposition and shall
be retained by them.” Likewise, Section 129 stipulates that the LGUs have the power to
create sources of revenues. Through these provisions, the LGUs can generate funds to
support their biodiversity protection programs. For instance, they can charge fees for
ecological services provided by protected watersheds, mangroves and coral reefs.
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Another relevant provision is Part II, Sec. 2d, Rules and Regulations Implementing RA 8371
which states that the “management plans of ancestral domains/lands shall be integrated
into the CLUP of the LGU having territorial jurisdiction over them.”
The Fisheries code of 1998 (RA 8550) mandates LGUs to designate at least 15% of municipal
waters for fish refuges or sanctuaries and 25-40% of fishing grounds as mangrove reserves.
This mandate supports the establishment of MPAs by the LGUs.
7.0 FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING IN THE

LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
7.1 Issues and Concerns Addressed by Mainstreaming
Mainstreaming aims to address key issues and concerns on biodiversity conservation at the
local level. The formulation of the approach and methods for mainstreaming biodiversity
concerns would need to be contextualized given the realities on the ground. The issues and
concerns that would need to be considered in the design of framework and method for
mainstreaming are briefly outlined below.
Key management issues and concerns
 Growing serious threats to protected areas and KBAs/CHs that are anthropogenic
in nature include encroachment by settlements and agriculture/aquaculture;
illegal activities in PAs (cutting of trees, excessive and unregulated gathering of
non-timber forest products) (NTFPs), wildlife poaching and destructive fishing
activities, coral gathering, hunting of marine mammals.
 Multiple and conflicting land uses in biodiversity rich areas such as mining,
tourism development, agriculture/fisheries and human settlements and ancestral
claims that the government finds difficulty in regulating.
 Creeping impacts of climate change on biodiversity (migration, species lost,
infestations, wildfires, coral beaching, extinction, etc.).
 Weak partnership between DENR, LGUs and NGOs in PA management.
 Undeclared and unprotected biodiversity rich areas and identified KBAs/CHs
 Lack of understanding by the LGUs that biodiversity is a source of social,
economic and financial capital.
The other serious issues identified by PAWB (2012) include:
 Fragmentation of PAs and other KBAs that result in the loss of connectivity between
important biodiversity corridors and KBAs, and the destruction of habitats of
important endangered species.
 Loss of biodiversity resources and ecosystem services (like food, wood and other raw
materials, plants, animals, pollination of crops, prevention of soil erosion, water
purification, climate regulation, etc.).
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Planning issues and concerns
 Competency of LGU planners in PA planning and management (technical

inadequacies).
 Data availability and costly resource inventories (satellite and ground resource
assessment) mapping and database development.
 Lack of guidelines on mainstreaming biodiversity conservation in CLUP and CDP.
 Weak coordination among DENR, DILG and HLURB in preparing planning guidelines.
 Mainstreaming fatigue due to simultaneous integration of different important
concerns in the CLUP and CDP such as FLUP, CCA and DRR, BD, Gender, etc.
PA and CLUP issues and concerns
Issues in harmonizing and retrofitting:
 PAMP (ecosystem based) and CLUP (city/municipality)

 PA zoning and City/Municipal Zoning (allowable and prohibited uses)
 PA spatial strategies and programs and CLUP spatial strategies and programs
 Land use and zoning conflicts
 Coordination among decision making organizations: PAMB and SB/SP
Non-PAs/KBAs and CLUP issues and concerns
 Lack of understanding by LGUs about KBAs/CHs

 Mainstreaming is very much constrained by the lack of data (i.e., biodiversity
resources information) in non-PAs, KBAs and CHs.
 KBAs/CHs are not properly mapped and zoned by the municipality or city
 KBA/CH landscapes are rapidly being encroached upon by agriculture and agro-
forestry production areas
The mainstreaming framework formulated for this study would involve identifying the entry
points, the type of data and information, and the methods for integration. In summary,
mainstreaming will involve the following:
 What to mainstream (data inputs – types, forms and scale)

 How to mainstream (methods and general guidelines)
 Results and uses (analysis of results and uses in planning)
7.2 Approach in Mainstreaming
The basic approach to be adopted in the mainstreaming is to overlay and harmonize existing
PAMP/PAP with CLUP. If there is no PAMP/PAP yet, what could be overlaid and harmonized
would be the PA zoning and sub-zoning with the City/Municipal zoning. For KBAs and non-
PAs, the approach would be to review the municipal/city zoning and revise it accordingly to
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protect biodiversity resources (KBAs) from encroachment and adverse impacts of agriculture
and agro-forestry production uses. This can be done by LGUs by declaring and zoning KBAs
as Critical Habitats (CHs) as part of its zoning ordinance provisions.
Table 1 shows the PAMP Planning Process and Plan contents and where these will fit into
the CLUP process and plan content. As of 2012, there are 29 PAs with Management Plan
and 77 PAs with Initial PA Plan.
Table 1. Linking PAMP with CLUP
PAMP Planning Process Plan Chapter/Contents CLUP

Area profiling Description of: Inputs to CLUP ecological
-Physical environment profiling and situation analysis
-Biological resources
-Social, cultural & economic
conditions
-Institutional & management
arrangements
Situation analysis Strengths & opportunities Inputs to CLUP situation
Weaknesses, threats and analysis
challenges
General Management Plan Vision, Goals and Objectives Inputs to CLUP
Formulation Management strategies & Vision and Mission
programs Spatial strategies
Management zoning (PA zoning Zoning scheme
&Management Zones) Use regulations
Management standards & Institution and governance
guidelines Programs and projects
Management structure &
institutional arrangement (PAMB
& SB)
Implementation Planning Work Plan for Programs Implementation plan
Indicative budget for the Investment Plan
Programs Monitoring and Evaluation
The design of the framework and method for biodiversity mainstreaming will be applicable
to the following types of biodiversity-rich areas:
 All Protected Areas (PAs) with PAMP or IPAP whether approved or not;
 Identified key biodiversity areas (KBAs) including biodiversity corridors which
have not yet been proclaimed and declared but already mapped and with or
without proposed PAP; and
 Terrestrial and aquatic PAs and KBAs/CHs
In the spatial analysis component of the mainstreaming, the map locating the areas covered
by NIPAS will be overlaid with the LGU land use maps. It will also make an overlay of the
map showing the location of the 128 KBAs map with the LGUs’ existing land use map. This
map will serve as the basis for the analysis of potential conflicting uses and undesirable
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impacts of existing and proposed land uses to PAs and KBAs. Planning for harmonization and
sustainable development follows.
The key roles of mandated agencies in the mainstreaming process are defined in Table 2.
Table 2. Key Roles of Mandated Organizations in Mainstreaming
Institution Key Roles

PAWB-DENR Provides data and information including maps on PAs and KBAs and extends
technical assistance to LGUs in the mainstreaming process.
Provides data and information on coastal habitats and resources and extends
technical assistance to LGUs in the identification and management planning
for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and in the preparation of Coastal
Resource Management Plan (CRMP)
FMB-DENR Provides data and information on critical watersheds and extends technical
assistance to LGUs in the preparation of the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP).
BFAR-DA Provides data and information on Fish and Marine Sanctuaries and their
integration into the CLUP. Extends technical assistance to LGUs in CRM
planning.
NCIP Coordinates with DENR and LGUs in the integration of biodiversity
conservation in the ADSDPP. Provides guidance to LGUs in integrating IPs’
concerns in the CLUP.
Provincial LGUs Reviews the CLUPs of municipalities and their compliance to the
mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation.
City/Municipal LGUs Undertakes the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation in the CLUP and
CDP. Closely coordinate with DENR in the planning and implementation of
natural resources conservation and protection programs.
DILG Provides support to DENR-PAWB and LGUs in the mainstreaming of
biodiversity conservation in the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
HLURB Provides technical advice to LGUs in the mainstreaming process and conducts
training program on the integration of biodiversity conservation in CLUP
preparation.
7.3 Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming
Mainstreaming of biodiversity in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) is consistent with
the general land use planning process as shown in Figure 1. In order to align with existing
guidelines, the biodiversity mainstreaming process adopts the HLURB 12 Steps CLUP Process
based on its published guidelines for LGUs (HLURB, 2006). The HLURB CLUP Planning
Process is widely being adopted by LGUs in the preparation of their CLUPs. Therefore, they
are familiar with its use and the integration of biodiversity concerns would be very much
facilitated because of their clear understanding of the 12 steps CLUP process.
The entry points for biodiversity mainstreaming in each element of the HLURB 12-step
process is provided in Guide Matrix shown in Figure 2 and Table 3. The matrix contains the
entry points in the CLUP planning process and the chapter of the plan; what to mainstream
in terms of biodiversity concerns and data inputs needed and their sources; how to
mainstream which describes the process and methods of mainstreaming; and the outputs of
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the mainstreaming for every stage or step of the CLUP planning process. This Guide Matrix
incorporates the comments and suggestions of representatives from the DENR, PAWB,
HLURB, DILG and selected LGUs who participated in the Trainors’ Training conducted by the
BPP Project in September 19-21, 2012. They thoroughly reviewed the guide matrix and
came out with comments and suggestions to further enhance its contents.
To supplement this guide matrix for mainstreaming, a template for writing Biodiversity
Conservation-Responsive CLUP is provided in Table 4. The template describes the contents
for every chapter of the CLUP and highlights the essential elements of biodiversity that
needs to be integrated.
In addition to the CLUP template, the Template for Writing Biodiversity Conservation
Responsive Zoning Ordinance is also provided in Table 5. The template describes the
contents of each chapter of a standard zoning ordinance and highlights the biodiversity
elements or factors that are integrated.
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Figure 1. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in the Land Use Planning Process
CLUP Planning Process Biodiversity inputs
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Figure 2. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in the Land Use Planning Process (Adopting
HLURB 12 Steps in CLUP Process (HLURB, 2012)
CLUP GUIDELINE ON CLUP ENTRY POINT FOR BIODIVERSITY INTEGRATION

UPDATING AND PREPARATION
Step 1. Getting Organized -Get approval of biodiversity mainstreaming from
-Getting endorsement/approval from SP/SB SP/SB
-Preparation of work program -Include budget for biodiversity integration
-Organization and briefing of planning team -Involve representative from PAWB and Regional
PAWCZMS in the planning team
Step 2. Identify Stakeholders -Conduct stakeholders’ analysis
-Listing of Stakeholders -Involve selected PAMB members, IPs and local
- Action Planning organizations located near PAs and within
-Information Dissemination KBAs/CHs in action planning
-Prepare and disseminate IEC materials on
biodiversity and conduct meetings with
stakeholders
Step 3. Setting the Vision -Include natural resources conservation and
-Conduct of visioning workshops protection in the Vision statement
- Adoption of vision and informing the public -involve PAWB and Regional PAWCZMS in
workshops with biodiversity stakeholders (NGOs,
local organizations and IP organizations)
Step 4. Situational Analysis -Conduct biodiversity profiling
-Sectoral Studies and Physical/Land Use *location of PAs and KBAs/CHs (georeferenced
Studies maps)
-Base Map Preparation * land use and resource extraction issues on PAs
-Data Gathering and Land Use Surveys and KBAs/CHs (with spatial locations –georef
-Mapping of Results maps)
-Consultation/Validation Workshops *mapping of PA/KBA(if any)/CH zonation scheme
-Need/Issues Analysis and projections overlay with city/municipal land use & zoning
-Cross-sectoral Analysis and Integration * retrieval of information on PA and KBA/CH (e.g.
area plan and/or management plan)
-issues and gaps analysis
-Validation of data through consultation
workshops
Step 5. Setting the Goals and Objectives -Identify/define biodiversity issues and translate
-Goals and objectives formulation workshops these to goals, objectives and targets
Step 6. Establishing Desired Development -Identify biodiversity areas as development
Thrust and Defining Spatial Strategies constrained areas and define spatial strategies to
protect and conserve PA/KBA/CH.
Step 7. Preparing the Land Use Plan -Involve representatives from PAWB and Regional
PAWCZMS in the planning team
-Assess impacts of the proposed land use plan on
PA/KBA/CH and adjust LUP accordingly
- Integrate multiple use zone of PA with
City/Municipality proposed land use development
Step 8. Drafting of Zoning Ordinance -Overlay and harmonize PA/KBA(if any)/CH
zonation schemes with City/Municipal zoning
schemes
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-Include in the zoning categories KBA/CH zone

CLUP GUIDELINE ON CLUP ENTRY POINT FOR BIODIVERSITY INTEGRATION
UPDATING AND PREPARATION
Step 9. Conduct Public Hearing -Conduct public consultation on refined CLUP and
-Conduct of Public Hearings/ Consultations zoning with biodiversity integration
-Refinement of Draft CLUP & ZO -Identify biodiversity conservation and protection
programs/projects for LGUs
Step 10.CLUP Review/Adoption and Approval -Involve representatives from PAWB and Regional
-Endorsement for review of appropriate body PAWCZMS in the review process
*Conduct of review by appropriate body -Refine CLUP and Zoning based on comments of
*Return of CLUP to LGU for refinement SB/SP
*Refinement of CLUP -Approval of the CLUP and Zoning (with
*SB/SP Adoption of Refined CLUP biodiversity integrated) by SB/SP
*Endorsement to SP/HLURB for Ratification
Step 11. Implementing the CLUP -Coordinate with PAWB and Regional PAWCMS in
the implementation of CLUP and ZO with
biodiversity considerations
Step 12. Monitoring, Reviewing and Evaluating -Establish indicators for compliance and impact
the CLUP monitoring and evaluation of Biodiversity concerns
in the CLUP and Zoning ordinance
-Establish partnership mechanism and operational
guidelines with PAWB and Regional PAWCZMS in
the implementation of the M&E
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Table 3. Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) (Adopting HLURB 12 Steps CLUP
Process) – Revised Version with Inputs from DENR, PAWB, HLURB, DILG and Selected LGUs Representatives
Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

HLURB Planning Plan Biodiversity Concerns Data inputs needed and Process and Methods of
process Chapter sources Mainstreaming
Step 1. Getting CLUP Obtain approval from SP/SB of the Legal mandates on mainstreaming HLURB to issue instruction to LGU on the Approval of SP/SB
Organized Organization integration of biodiversity in CLUP biodiversity in CLUP integration of biodiversity in the CLUP on integrating
-Getting endorsement/ Inclusion of budget for biodiversity Framework and methods for Prepare laymanized presentation to SP/SB on biodiversity in the
approval from SP/SB integration biodiversity integration the importance and legal mandates on CLUP including
-Preparation of Work Involve representatives from PAWB, Draft MOA on mainstreaming biodiversity mainstreaming budget requirements
Program Regional PAWCZMS, and FMS in partnership among HLURB, Estimate budget requirements for mainstreaming Blanket MOA among
-Organization & briefing integration planning PAWB/PAWCZMS and LGUs or job including gathering of basic secondary data LGU, HLURB, DILG
of planning team DILG Involve representatives from PAWB, FMB, and PAWB or
PAWCZMS and FMS in planning for PAWCZMS on
mainstreaming mainstreaming
Define the roles and responsibilities of the LGU, biodiversity.
HLURB, DILG and DENR in the mainstreaming
of biodiversity in the CLUP.
Step 2. Identify Stakeholders’ Initial list of stakeholders Stakeholders’ list Conduct workshop/s to identify stakeholders to Stakeholders
stakeholders Analysis Conduct of stakeholders’ analysis Legal mandates on biodiversity be involved in the planning activities endorsement of the
-Listing of stakeholders that include PAMB members, IPs mainstreaming Conduct of stakeholders’ analysis mainstreaming plan,
-Action Planning and local organizations with Stakeholders’ analysis tools and Basic information materials on mainstreaming approach and
-Information influence or influenced by forms Prepare action plan for involving stakeholders in methods
dissemination PA/KBA/CH IEC materials emphasizing messages planning. IEC materials on
Prepare and disseminate IEC on the importance of biodiversity Prepare work and financial plan for biodiversity
materials on biodiversity protection mainstreaming. importance for land
conservation and conduct meetings Conduct IEC down to the Barangay level through use planning
with stakeholders forums and dissemination of information Complete
materials composition of
stakeholders with
defined roles and
responsibilities.
Action plan/strategies
for approaching and
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involving
stakeholders
Work and Financial
Plan for doing the
Mainstreaming.
Step 3. Setting the Vision and Inclusion of vision for “conservation Environment and natural resources Revisit vision to include biodiversity. Use Biodiversity
Vision Mission of natural environment” information confirms the existence of descriptors such as safe, ecologically balanced, conservation and
-Conduct of visioning Mission – protection of life support biodiversity resources in the locality - restored, conserved, protected, resilient, etc., in protection are
workshops ecosystems. DENR – PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS vision statement. integrated in Vision
-Adoption of Vision and Stakeholders’ consultation in Visioning and and Mission of the
informing the public Mission formulation. City/Municipal Land
Local communities, government institutions, Use and
NGOs, academe and the private sector Development Plan
participate in the process of vision and mission
statement formulation.
Incorporation of biodiversity descriptors and
indicators for the vision element
Step 4. Situation Situation Analyzing existing situations and City/Municipal profile Integration of biodiversity concerns, issues and City/Municipal profile
Analysis analysis projecting future scenarios Biodiversity profile (PA and KBA/CH) threats of existing land use and resource with biodiversity
-Sectoral Studies and concerning biodiversity protection at with geo-referenced maps. extractive activities on PA and KBA/CH components (PA and
Physical/land use the LGU level Data requirements should be Conduct biodiversity profiling KBA/CH)
studies specified in terms of location, Conduct issues and gaps analysis Situation analysis
-Base map preparation condition, species, area of flora and Validation of results of profiling and situation with biodiversity
-Data gathering and fauna, if any. PAWB should provide analysis by stakeholders through workshops and concerns highlighted
land use surveys the data. FGDs
-Mapping of results
-Consultation/Validation
workshops
-Needs/Issues analysis
and projections
-Cross sectoral analysis
and integration
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a) City/Municip Physical and Presence of terrestrial and aquatic Data including maps on protected Inclusion of data and maps on PA/KBA/CH in Updated
ality Profiling socioeconomi (freshwater and marine) areas and KBAs/CHs –DENR-PAWB, the area profile city/municipal profile
c profile. biodiversity- rich areas: location, FMB, Regional PAWCZMS and FMS to include biodiversity
-Geo-physical extent and present status (PA or Results of biodiversity assessment Inclusion of PAzonation map in the area profile information in the
environment KBA/CH). studies – DENR-PAWB, FMB, form of maps,
and natural Local ordinances on environment Regional PAWCZMS, ERDB, NGOs, Description of biodiversity resources biodiversity
resources and natural resources conservation academe and other members of the (PA/KBA/CH) found in the area and their characterization, and
-Population (or specific to biodiversity scientific community national significance. conservation policies
and Social conservation) National policies and laws on and efforts.
Services protected areas and key biodiversity Compilation and summary of existing local
-Local Presence of thematic map or zoning areas – DENR-PAWB ordinances on environment and natural
Economy map (if any) of PA/KBA Local ordinances on environment and resources conservation (or specific to
-Infrastructure natural resources conservation biodiversity conservation and protection)
and Physical and/or specific to biodiversity
base Local efforts to conserve and conservation) – LGU Description of efforts (local policies, programs,
-Institutional protect biodiversity projects and activities) of LGUs, national
capability Zonation map of PA/KBA – DENR- government agencies, NGOs and other locally-
PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS based organizations on biodiversity conservation
Refer to DILG or PA/KBA/CH protection.
Guidelines on Inventory of legislations, programs,
Ecological projects and activities undertaken in Stakeholders’ participation and validation in area
Profiling for the locality to conserve and protect profiling
details biodiversity (PA/KBA) – LGU, PAMB,
DENR-PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS
b) Situation Area and Activities and land uses causing Existing land uses and all activities Overlay of maps of all existing land uses and Details on the issues
Analysis sectoral: biodiversity degradation near and within important biodiversity zoning maps and note the spatial direction of and gaps in
-Issues & areas DENR-PAWB, Regional agriculture, commercial and settlements or biodiversity
Problems Growing threats to PA/KBA/CH PAWCZMS, PAMB and LGU CLUP urban expansion in general (PA/KBA/CH)
-Gaps & protection and
constraints Measures undertaken to protect and Existing and proposed development Overlay of proposed development projects with conservation are
identification conserve PA/ KBA/CH activities and projects near or within PA/KBA/CH maps highlighted in the
and analysis important biodiversity conservation Situation Analysis
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Gaps and constraints in resolving areas LGU, DENR-PAWB, Regional Assess the impacts of existing land use and
issues and problems on biodiversity PAWCZMS, Regional EMB proposed development projects on PA/KBA/CH
protection and conservation
(policies, institutional and technical Existing policies, plans & programs Asses existing policies, plans & programs on
constraints). on biodiversity (PA/KBA/CH) biodiversity (PA/KBA/CH) protection and
protection and conservation – DENR- conservation
PAWB, PAMB, Regional PAWCZMS,
LGU Assess local institutional capacity to plan and
implement biodiversity conservation and
protection programs and projects
Stakeholders’ participation and validation in

issues and gaps assessment
Development Existence and status of LGU control map – DENR, LGU and Overlay of proposed development projects within Map of areas where
potentials and implementation of PA/KBA/CH PAMB the LGU control map PA/KBA are
constraints: zoning PA/KBA/CH zonation map – DENR- Map of areas (strict protection zone) where any reflected.
PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS, PAMB form of development is not allowed Regulations, policies
Location of multiple, buffer and strict indicating
protection zones Permitted and disallowed uses per Map of areas (buffer and multiple use zones) development options
zonal type - – DENR-PAWB, where certain land uses and activities are including allowable
Regional PAWCZMS, PAMB allowed uses within the area.
Stakeholders’ participation and validation in
development potentials and constraints mapping
Step 5. Setting the Goals and Setting of goals and objectives on Include PDPFP, RPFP, FLUP, Inclusion of the goals and objectives on Biodiversity
Goals and Objectives Objectives biodiversity conservation and CRMP, existing plan for PA/KBA/CH biodiversity conservation and protection provided conservation and
-Goals and objectives protection – – DENR-PAWB, FMB, Regional in PA/KBA/CH plans or related documents protection are
formulation workshops PAWCZMS, FMS and PAMB based on the results of the situational analysis integrated in Goals
National Biodiversity Strategic Action and objectives of
Plan (NBSAP) – DENR-PAWB Stakeholders’ consultation on goals and CLUP
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) – objective setting
27 | P a g e

DENR-PAWB
Results of situational analysis
Step 6. Establishing Spatial Spatial spill-over effects of physical Existing and proposed infrastructure Align development activities to biodiversity Preferred spatial
Desired Development development development and settlements development plan – conservation concerns and other spatial development design
Thrusts and Defining strategies DPWH and LGU CLUP and CDP strategies does not have long-
Spatial Strategies (Alternative Siting of agriculture and forest Identify biodiversity areas as development term negative
spatial production areas, development Existing and proposed agriculture constrained areas and define spatial strategies impacts on
strategies) infrastructure, settlements and other and forest production areas – Forest to protect and conserve PA/KBA/CH PA/KBA/CH. Spatial
incompatible uses away from Development Plan – DENR-FMB; Overlay agriculture and forest development, strategies are aligned
PAs/KBAs/CHs and other areas Agriculture and Fisheries infrastructure and settlements development to the conservation of
important for biodiversity Development Plan (AFDP) –DA- maps with PA/KBA/CH location map at bigger PA/KBA/CH.
conservation BSWM scale (1:50,000 or 1:25,000) Spatial strategies
Assess potential impacts of agriculture and and urban
Map overlays of existing land uses forest development, infrastructure and development form to
settlements development on PA/KBA/CH protect biodiversity
Stakeholders’ participation on mapping of assets
development constraints and development
suitable areas
Stakeholders’ participation and decision on
preferred spatial development strategy
considering biodiversity protection
Sectoral Strategies and policies for Strategies and policies provided in Inclusion of the strategies and policies on Biodiversity
development biodiversity conservation and the PA/KBA/CH plan (IPAP/PAMP) – biodiversity conservation and protection strategies and
strategies management incorporated in the DENR-PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS provided in PA/KBA/CH plans or related policies are
and policies relevant sectors/Environmental documents integrated in relevant
Management Sector sectors/Environment
Stakeholders’ participation on strategy sector development
formulation strategies
Step 7. Preparing the Development Location and extent of PA/KBA/CH, Maps of areas important for Digitizing and overlay of maps Existing land use
Land Use Plan constrained MPA and critical watersheds biodiversity conservation; Plotting of PA/KBA/CH, MPA and critical map with delineated
and PA/KBA/CH, MPA and critical watersheds maps on existing land use map PA/KBA/CH and
development watershed maps critical watersheds
suitable areas Zoning of PA/KBA/CH– DENR- Plotting of PA/KBA zonation map in existing and MPAs
28 | P a g e

PAWB, FMB, Regional DENR Office zoning map
Existing land use and
Existing Land Use map, approved Determine suitable uses in multiple and buffer zoning map with
zoning map of LGU – LGU, DENR- zones of PA/KBA PA/KBA/CH zonation
PAWB, FMB, Regional DENR Office overlaid
Preparation of proposed land use map
integrating biodiversity concerns
Stakeholders’ participation on mapping of

development constrained and development
suitable areas
Projected Exclusion of KBA/PA/CH in supply Maps of AIBC, Measurement of spatial extent of AIBC, strict Available land for
demand for inventory of available lands for PA/KBA/CH, MPA and critical protection zone of PA/KBA agriculture and forest
land to meet development watershed maps, Measurement of spatial extent of multiple and production in multiple
sectoral existing Land Use map, approved buffer use zone for agriculture and forest and buffer zones of
development zoning map of LGU – LGU, DENR- production and settlements development PA/KBA
needs and PAWB, FMB, Regional DENR Office Stakeholders’ participation on land demand and
projected Zoning of KBA/PA/CH– DENR- supply assessment
population PAWB, FMB, Regional DENR Office
Existing land Potential impacts of the existing Existing land use and activities in the Overlay existing land use map with PA and Potential impacts of
use and land use trend and pattern and peripheries and inside PA and CHAIBC map and zonation map when available existing land use and
preferred spatial growth strategies (Preferred CHAIBC – CLUP-LGU and DENR- Assess potential impacts of existing land use spatial strategies on
spatial Urban Form) on ecological services PAWB, FMB, Regional DENR Office and spatial strategies (preferred urban growth ecological services of
strategies of biodiversity areas Biodiversity impact assessment form) on ecological services of biodiversity areas biodiversity areas are
(preferred method – EMB Procedural Identification of strategies and measures to determined and the
urban form) Strategies and measures to manage Guidelines and other reference manage the impacts of urban and sectoral necessary
the impacts of urban and sectoral materials development on biodiversity managements
development on biodiversity Management and mitigation of measures are
adverse impacts of land uses – EIA Stakeholders’ participation on spatial strategy proposed
safeguards and related studies formulation and biodiversity impact assessment
Vulnerability and hazard maps
Proposed Delineation of PA/CHAIBC in PA/CHAIBC map – DENR-PAWB, Overlay PA/CHAIBC in proposed land use map Proposed land use
land use plan proposed land use map Regional PAWCZMS Overlay existing land use in multiple and buffer plan in multiple and
29 | P a g e

(general and Zonation map – DENR-PAWB, zones and determine suitable land uses buffer zones of
urban land Proposed suitable land uses in Regional PAWCZMS Stakeholders’ participation in determining PA/KBA
use plan – multiple and buffer zones of Existing land uses – multiple and proposed land uses in multiple and buffer zones
land PA/KBA buffer zones – DENR-PAWB, PAMB
allocation to and CLUP - LGU
different
uses)
Step 8. Drafting the Zoning Integration of PA/CHAIBC zonation PA/CHAIBC zonation – DENR- Overlay of PA/CHAIBC zonation and Biodiversity
Zoning Ordinance scheme and in the city/municipal zoning scheme PAWB, PAMB and Regional city/municipal zoning for integration. PA strict conservation
zoning and ordinance PAWCZMS protection zone prevails over other zoning responsive zoning
ordinance classes in the city/municipal zoning. ordinance.
Establishment of land use City/Municipal Zoning map (existing
regulations for the zonal types of and proposed) – CLUP – LGU Integration of PA/KBA/CH zoning regulations in PA/KBA/CH zonation
PA/CHAIBC the city/municipal zoning ordinance and integrated in the
Allowable and prohibited land uses resolution of conflicts or incompatibilities in the city/municipal zoning
Coordination between the PAMB and activities on PA/KBA/CH PA/KBA/CH multiple and buffer zones. ordinance
and the City/Municipal Council for zonation classes – DENR-PAWB,
the enforcement of zoning including PAMB and Regional PAWCZMS Agreement between the PAMB and Local
permitting system and locational Decision body (e.g.,Sangunian Bayan) on the
clearance Zoning regulations for each zone for zoning scheme and ordinance
urban and general land uses –
Zoning ordinance (existing and Identify allowable uses in multiple and buffer
proposed) – LGU zones of PA/CHAIBC
Zoning of PA/CHAIBC – DENR-

PAWB, FMB,
PAMB composition and
responsibilities – PAMB, DENR-
PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS
City/municipal Council composition
and responsibilities – LGU
30 | P a g e

Step 9. Conduct of Review and Highlighting biodiversity protection Proposed CLUP and ZO with Conduct of public hearing on proposed CLUP Refined CLUP and
Public Hearing approval of in the CLUP biodiversity concerns mainstreamed and ZO with harmonized land use and zoning to ZO with biodiversity
-Conduct of Public CLUP and get comments from stakeholders protection integrated
Hearings and Zoning Incorporate agreed changes in the CLUP and
Consultation Ordinance ZO
-Refinement of Draft
CLUP and ZO
Step 10. CLUP Review and Highlighting biodiversity protection Revised proposed CLUP and ZO with Presentation to SP/SB for review and adoption Approved CLUP and
Review/Adoption and approval of in the CLUP and ZO inputs from stakeholders resulting integrating biodiversity conservation ZO with biodiversity
Approval CLUP and from the public hearing mainstreamed for
-Endorsement for Zoning Refinement of CLUP and ZO based on the implementation
review of appropriate Ordinance comments and suggestions of PLUC/RLUC.and
body HLURB for Highly Urbanized Cities and
*Conduct of review by Independent Component Cities..
appropriate body
*Return of CLUP to Obtain approval of the Sangguniang
LGU for refinement Panlalawigan or HLURB of the revised CLUP
*Refinement of CLUP and ZO
*SB/SP Adoption of
refined CLUP
Step 11. Implementing CLUP Include biodiversity protection and Proposed biodiversity protection Coordinate with PAMB, PAWB and Regional Implementation plan
the CLUP Implementati conservation programs to be measures and programs approved by PAWCZMS in the implementation of the CLUP for the CLUP
-Strict implementation of on Plan implemented by LGUs. stakeholders including DENR, and ZO
the biodiversity Establish organization and HLURB and LGUs. Conduct IEC for Barangay LGUs and
conservation enhanced coordination mechanisms between communities
CLUP/zoning ordinance LGU and DENR to implement CLUP
and ZO with biodiversity
components
Programs Sectoral Biodiversity conservation programs PA/KBA/CH Management Plan or Identification of programs to address issues and Biodiversity
Identification development integrated in the CLUP related documents – DENR-PAWB, problems including threats to PA/KBA/CH conservation
programs Regional PAWCZMS programs are
Cross-cutting Incorporation of biodiversity management integrated in the
programs programs in the Environmental Management City/municipality LUP
31 | P a g e

Sector of the CLUP and sectoral
development plan
Participation of PAMB and Sangunian Bayan in
the identification and selection of biodiversity
conservation programs
Projects Identification Proposed Biodiversity conservation projects Proposed biodiversity conservation Identification of projects addressing critical Biodiversity
and Prioritization projects and are identified and prioritized for programs and projects – PA/KBA/CH issues and problems conservation projects
priority list funding and implementation by Management Plan - DENR-PAWB, are prioritized for
LGUs Regional PAWCZMS, and PAMB Criteria and rating for project prioritization implementation.
. Identification of sources and establishment of
biodiversity fund for conservation projects (e.g.,
user charges and fees, payment for ecological
services, donors’ grants, etc.)
Participation of Local Development Council in
the selection and prioritization of projects
Step 12. Monitoring, Monitoring Establish indicators for compliance Tools for M&E design and Formulate M&E indicators and implementation M&E system with
reviewing and and and impact monitoring and implementation system for biodiversity component biodiversity
Evaluating the CLUP Evaluation of evaluation of biodiversity concerns Source: DENR Base the M&E indicators on the local component
CLUP and ZO in the CLUP and Zoning ordinance development indicators or local development
watch indicators of DILG
Establish partnership mechanism and
operational guidelines with PAWB and Regional
PAWCZMS in the implementation of the M&E for
biodiversity
Establishing and Monitoring Biodiversity conservation programs Monitoring and performance Monitoring system for PA/KBA/CH established M&E system for
Implementing the M&E and and projects are properly evaluation system for biodiversity and integrated into the CLUP implementation biodiversity
system evaluation implemented conservation programs and projects plan conservation
system Performance of biodiversity – PA/KBA/CH management plan – programs and
conservation programs and projects DENR-PAWB, Regional PAWCZMS Criteria for evaluating performance of projects integrated
are determined Benchmark data for M&E – biodiversity conservation programs and projects into the CLUP
Land use changes in PA/KBA/CH PA/KBA/CH profile - DENR-PAWB, established and integrated into the CLUP implementation plan.
are monitored and regulated Regional PAWCZMS, PAMB implementation plan
Land use maps (historical record) Performance evaluation system measures
32 | P a g e

program success and effectiveness.
Tracking of land use changes, trends and spatial
directions
Participation of LGU planners in the design and
implementation of the M&E system
33 | P a g e
Table 4. Template for Writing Biodiversity Conservation-Responsive CLUP
Chapter/Section Key Contents/Description

1.0 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK FOR Land Use Plan (LUP)
1.1 Legal and institutional mandate for Policies, laws, regulations related to land use planning
LUP Policies, laws, implementing rules and regulations on
a. Legal mandate (national and local) Protected Areas (NIPAS), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and
b. Institutional mandate Critical Habitats
Mandated agencies to prepare, implement and monitor land
use plan
Mandated agencies to prepare, implement and monitor PA,
KBA and CH Management Plans
Roles and responsibilities of mandated agencies in land use
and PA, KBA and CH planning (including different levels of
government; and sectoral responsibilities)
1.2 Framework for CLUP Land use planning coverage and process
Land use planning and implementation framework
guidelines
PA, KBA and CH framework and guidelines
Framework or mainstreaming Biodiversity conservation in
CLUP (What to mainstream, where, how and when (Guide
matrix)
Expected enhancement and outputs of LUP)
1.3 Planning standards, building codes, Required planning standards for city development
building permitting process, and zoning Zoning regulations for city/municipality
requirements PA zoning regulations
Building permits and other requirements (include building
permitting process to include post inspection reporting)
1.4 Guidelines and procedures for land LUP linkage with higher level land use Plan such as
use planning metropolitan city LUP or provincial and regional LUP.
Guidelines or procedures for mainstreaming Biodiversity
conservation in LUP (if any)
1.5 Land use planning practice Preparation, review, adoption, implementation and revision
of LUPs or its planning cycle
Time horizon or coverage period
Existing land use plan and updating thrusts and objectives
Existing PA, KBA and CH plan and status of implementation
(if any)
Participation of stakeholders in planning
Integration of PA, KBA and CH plan in CLUP
1.6 Content of LUP Key contents of updated LUP incorporating sections on
Biodiversity conservation
1.7 Review, approval and adoption Participatory process for the formulation, review, adoption
process for CLUP and revision of the CLUP
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2.0 FORMULATION OF CLUP
2.1 Vision and Mission Statements Visioning statement resulting from participatory workshop
How Biodiversity conservation was integrated in the vision
and mission statements and what aspects were considered
2.2 City profiling Physical, social and economic features of the
city/municipality
Biodiversity profile of the city/municipality
2.3 Situation analysis Threats, issues, problems and constraints for area and
sectoral development
Threats, issues, and problems on biodiversity resources
2.4 Goals and Objective setting Goals and objectives of CLUP incorporating biodiversity
conservation
Targets of the CLUP for the short, medium and long-term
development incorporating biodiversity conservation
2.5 Formulation of land use plan
2.5.1 Development constrained and Mapping of highly vulnerable areas and proclaimed
development suitable areas protected areas, KBAs and CHs using standard map scale
Types and nature of land use constraints
Location and description of suitable areas for urban
development and expansion
Restricted and allowable uses on PAs, KBAs and CHs
2.5.2 Projected demand for land to meet Projections of demand for various types of land uses
sectoral development needs and Estimation of the adequacy of present available land
projected population Identification of suitable areas for expansion
Determination and selection of Preferred Urban Form to
meet demand for land and urban expansion
Projections of social, economic and environmental impacts
of land development
Exclusion of PA/KBA/CH strict protection zone from the
inventory of available land supply
2.5.3 Existing land use and spatial Existing land use and projected spatial growth (including
strategies maps)
Spatial strategies for urban development including urban
expansion and redevelopment
Potential impacts of the existing land use trend and pattern
and the Preferred Urban Form on ecological services of
biodiversity areas
Sectoral development strategies
Strategies and measures to manage the impacts of urban
and sectoral development on biodiversity
2.5.4 Proposed land use plan Proposed land use plan (land allocation to different uses)
considering the protection and conservation on biodiversity
3.0 FORMULATION OF ZONING See separate Zoning Ordinance template for details
ORDINANCE
3.1 Zoning Ordinance mainstreaming Zoning ordinance designed to protect and conserve PAs and
35 | P a g e

biodiversity conservation KBAs
Integrating PA/KBA zoning in the zoning ordinance
3.2 Enforcement of Zoning and Building Enforcement of regulations on zoning, building design and
Regulations construction requirements
Monitoring of compliance to building permits and building
code
Compliance to zoning and building clearances
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF CLUP
4.1 Regulatory and institutional Defining and enforcing planning standards, zoning, and
framework building code that have incorporated biodiversity
conservation measures and safeguards
Coordination mechanism and institutional partnership
among city government to include internal coordination,
civil society and the private sector in implementing
Biodiversity conservation policies and regulations, and city
to city or municipality to municipality coordination for
boundary issues.
4.2 Capacity building of planning and Assessment of the present capacity of LGUs and mandated
implementing institutions agencies to integrate biodiversity conservation in the CLUP
Training needs, equipment and facilities requirements of
mandated agencies to prepare and implement biodiversity-
responsive, CLUP and zoning
Assessment of organizational requirements to improve
capacity for biodiversity conservation
4.3 Sectoral investment program Programs and projects to include biodiversity conservation
4.3 Budget support and Economic Budget needed to implement biodiversity conservation
incentives programs and projects at the city/municipal levels
Identification of potential sources of funds and the
mechanisms and strategies to access funds (e.g., ecotourism
and water users’ charges and fees, payment for ecological
services, etc.)
Economic incentive schemes to complement regulatory
measures for compliance to PA/KBA policies and programs.
4.5 Monitoring and evaluation M & E system for CLUP including effectiveness of
biodiversity conservation programs, projects and other
measures
Financial review, monitoring and audit
References:
 Cabrido, 2012. Template for Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning. City to City Sharing Initiatives Project. Makati
City, Quito Metropolitan District, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Funded by the World Bank.
 Earthquake and Megacities Initiatives (EMI). Risk Sensitive Land Use Plan. Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal.
February 2010.
36 | P a g e
 Earthquake and Megacities Initiatives (EMI). Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application
in Metro Manila and Kathmandu. Risk-Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Plan. Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Philippines.
Addressing the vulnerability of a high risk community. Vol 1. Feb 28, 2010
Table 5. Template for Writing Biodiversity Conservation Responsive Zoning Ordinance
Chapter/Section Description of Contents

Legal basis Legal basis of the ordinance (constitutional, congressional or parliamentary
acts). Legal framework for PA/KBA/CH zonation.
Purpose and Purpose of the ordinance (e.g., to guide and regulate physical growth and
principle development; protect the welfare of residents; and conserve natural
environment including biodiversity resources and ecological services).
Zoning principle and CLUP
PA/KBA/CH objectives and zoning principles
Definition of terms Glossary of terms. All legal and technical terms used in the Zoning ordinance
should be defined to avoid misinterpretation.
Examples of terms to be defined:
Residential, commercial, industrial, Natural hazards
institutional, Special zones and all the Man made hazards
other zones used in ZO should be Vulnerability
defined Disaster Risk
Buffer area Climate change
Easement area Climate change adaptation
Exception Climate change mitigation
Protected areas Disaster risk reduction or mitigation
Key biodiversity areas Informal settlers
PA/KBA zonation classes Soil liquefaction
Strict protection zones Landslides
Buffer zone Steep Slopes
Multiple use zone Pollutive industries
Land use Toxic and hazardous industries
Non-conformance Zoning map
Floor area ratio
Gross floor area
Right of way (ROW)
Variances
Zoning Zones and sub-zones classification and definition for built and natural
classification environment The zones and subzones may include the following:
-Residential Zones (Low density, Medium density, Low density, Mixed use
zones)
-Commercial Zones (Low density, Medium density, Low density, Mixed use
zones, Central Business District)
-Institutional Zones (General Institutional, Military Institutional, Mixed Zones)
-Industrial Zone (Light, Medium and Heavy Industrial Zone;
37 | P a g e

-Government Center Zone
-Recreational Zone
-Open space
-Cemetery Zone
-Cultural Heritage Zone
-Special use zone
-Hillside and ravines protection zone
-Agriculture Zone (Annual crops, Orchards and Fruit trees, Poultry and
Livestock, Plantation)
-Forest Zone (Protection Forest, Production Forest, Agroforestry, Plantation
Forest)
-Biodiversity and wildlife habitat protection zone (PA/KBA/CH zonation types)
-Ecotourism zone
-Natural resources extraction zone (minerals, natural gas and oil)
-Water bodies (rivers, streams. lakes); Waterfront/Riverfront development
zone
-Natural disaster risk zones (Fault line, volcano danger zone, flood prone areas,
landslide prone areas, soil liquefaction prone areas)
-Man-made hazard zones (Pollutive industries, Toxic and Hazardous industries)
-Evacuation routes, sites and safe shelter facilities
-Relocation sites for vulnerable informal settlers
Zone maps and Division of the city according to zones and sub-zones. Map (1:2,000 to 1:5,000)
boundaries showing the zones and sub-zones
Location and boundaries of the different zones including PA/KBA zones.
Description of boundaries used like streets, rivers and other natural or
topographical features.
Zoning Allowable, restricted and prohibited uses by Zoning classification including
Regulations Multiple, Buffer and Strict protection or core zones .
Maximum density and height allowed per urban zoning classification and the
dominant land use per zone. Dominant land use for residential is the use that
occupies the largest floor area while for commercial, it is the use that generate
the highest revenues.
Building density is regulated by the prescribed maximum floor area ratio (FAR).
Height restriction is established by the Air Transportation authority and defined
under the Building Code or regulations.
Details of the allowable uses and other restrictions (density and building
height) per zone should be described.
Easement and buffer regulations
Zoning Locational clearance, variances and exceptions
Administration Locational and building permit
Environmental clearance certificate or permit including safeguards against
natural and man-made hazards.
Non-conforming certificates
Zoning office (Zoning organization, Zoning administrator –powers and
functions; and Zoning review committee)
38 | P a g e

Review and approval process of Zoning application
Complaints mechanism and resolution process/procedures and authority
Violations and penalty (sanctions, fines and imprisonment)
PA/KBA/CH zoning guidelines integrated in Zoning administration
Source: Cabrido, 2012. Template for Risk Sensitive Zoning Ordinance. City to City Sharing Initiatives Project. Makati City,
Quito Metropolitan District, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Funded by the World Bank.
39 | P a g e
REFERENCES:
Bibby, J. 1998. Selecting areas for conservation. P. 176–201 in Sutherland WJ, ed. Conservation Science
and Action. Oxford (United Kingdom): Blackwell Science)
BirdLife International. 2008. What are Key Biodiversity Areas. Presented as part of the BirdLife State of
the world's birds website. Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sowb/casestudy/88.
Checked: 07/10/2011)
Cabrido, 2012. Template for Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning. City to City Sharing Initiatives Project.
Makati City, Quito Metropolitan District, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Funded by the World Bank.
Cabrido, 2012. Template for Risk Sensitive Zoning Ordinance. City to City Sharing Initiatives Project.
Makati City, Quito Metropolitan District, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Funded by the World Bank.
Cabrido, C. 2011. Framework for mainstreaming climate change and disaster risk reduction in the CLUP.
NEDA MDGF-1656 Project
Cabrido, C. 2010. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: Biodiversity Resources Sector. Report
submitted to PAWB and GTZ.
DENR-DILG Joint Memorandum Circular 1998-01 and 2003-01

DENR Administrative Order No. 2008-26. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act
No. 7586 or the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992.
DENR Administrative Order No. 2008-26. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act
No. 7586 or the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992.
DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2007-02 “Guidelines on the Establishment and Management of Critical
Habitat” (28 February 2008)
DENR, Conservation International and Haribon Foundation. Priority Sites for Conservation in the
Philippines. Key Biodiversity Areas. Undated.
DILG. 2008. Guide to Ecological Profiling.
DILG. 2009. Guide to Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) Preparation for Local Government Units
Earthquake and Megacities Initiatives (EMI). Risk Sensitive Land Use Plan. Kathmandu Metropolitan City,
Nepal. February 2010.
Earthquake and Megacities Initiatives (EMI). Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A
Pilot Application in Metro Manila and Kathmandu. Risk-Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Plan. Barangay
Rizal, Makati City, Philippines. Addressing the vulnerability of a high risk community. Vol 1. Feb 28, 2010
40 | P a g e
EO 578 “Establishing the National Policy on Biological Diversity, Prescribing its Implementation
throughout the Country, particularly in the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem and the Verde Island
Passage Marine Corridor” (8 November 2006)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. 2006. A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation.
Volume 1. CLUP Guidebook
Joint DENR DA PCSD AO 2004-01, Wildlife Act IRR

Joint Memorandum Circular No. 001 Series of 2009 between HLURB and DILG. Guidelines on the
Harmonization of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
Preparation.
Langhammer, P.F., Bakarr, M.I., Bennun, L.A., Brooks, T.M., Clay, R.P., Darwall, W., De Silva, N., Edgar,
G.J., Eken, G., Fishpool, L.D.C., Fonseca, G.A.B. da, Foster, M.N., Knox, D.H., Matiku, P., Radford, E.A.,
Rodrigues, A.S.L., Salaman, P., Sechrest, W., and Tordoff, A.W. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of
Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.)
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Memorandum Order No. 289 (5 July 1995)
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(Biodiversity Partnerships Project) Protected Areas And Wildlife Bureau. PowerPoint.
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1992
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42 | P a g e

Framework and Methods For Mainstreaming Biodiversity in The CLUPs of LGUs

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Framework and Methods For Mainstreaming Biodiversity in The CLUPs of LGUs

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Mainstreaming Biodiversity in the Local Land Use Planning

Process of Local Government Units (LGUs)

FRAMEWORK AND METHODS

Partnerships for Biodiversity Conservation:

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1

1) Batanes Island Protected Landscape and Seascape;

awareness and political will by local government executives in supporting biodiversity

2.0 NEED FOR AND OBJECTIVES OF MAINSTREAMING

2.1 Why Mainstreaming is Necessary

Through the process of mainstreaming, biodiversity conservation becomes part of local

3.0 EXPECTED RESULTS OF MAINSTREAMING STUDY

4.0 PRINCIPLES OF MAINSTREAMING

The mainstreaming framework is guided by the following principles:

 Promote co-management and participatory governance. Stakeholders’ should be

 Reduce or eliminate threats to biodiversity resources. The various serious threats to

 Protection is the primordial concern in sustaining the ecological services and

 Institute system for surveillance, monitoring and law enforcement in strict

5.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY

5.1 Protected Areas (PAs)

 Strict Nature Reserve - an area possessing some outstanding ecosystem features

 National Park refers to a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness

 Natural Monument - a relatively small area focused on the protection of small

 Wildlife Sanctuary - an area which assures the natural conditions necessary to

 Protected Landscapes and Seascapes - areas of national significance which are

 Resource Reserve - an extensive and relatively isolated and uninhabited area

 Other categories established by law, conventions or international agreements which

 Strict Protection Zone - pertains to the management zones of protected areas

1) Rationale for the establishment of the protected area;

implementation of innovative management techniques such as zoning, buffer zone

1) Description of the protected area;

1) Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere possession of any plants or animals or

5.2 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)

6.0 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING

 Sec 468(a)(1)(vi) – Mandates Provincial Sanggunian to Protect the environment and

7.0 FRAMEWORK FOR BIODIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING IN THE

Key management issues and concerns

The other serious issues identified by PAWB (2012) include:

Planning issues and concerns

 Competency of LGU planners in PA planning and management (technical

PA and CLUP issues and concerns

Issues in harmonizing and retrofitting:

 PAMP (ecosystem based) and CLUP (city/municipality)

Non-PAs/KBAs and CLUP issues and concerns

 Lack of understanding by LGUs about KBAs/CHs

 What to mainstream (data inputs – types, forms and scale)

7.2 Approach in Mainstreaming

Table 1. Linking PAMP with CLUP

PAMP Planning Process Plan Chapter/Contents CLUP

Table 2. Key Roles of Mandated Organizations in Mainstreaming

Institution Key Roles

7.3 Guide Matrix for Mainstreaming

Figure 1. Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation in the Land Use Planning Process

CLUP Planning Process Biodiversity inputs

CLUP GUIDELINE ON CLUP ENTRY POINT FOR BIODIVERSITY INTEGRATION

-Include in the zoning categories KBA/CH zone

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

Stakeholders’ participation and validation in

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output

Entry Points What to mainstream How to Mainstream Output