RELIBILITY AND PRACTICALLY ANALYSIS

This paper is submitted to fulfill Advanced Assessment in ELT

Supervised by

Dr. Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd.

Written by:

Irkhas Ziana Rizqi Afriza

Suprihatin

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING PROGRAM

GRADUATE PROGRAM
ISLAMIC STATE INSTITUTE OF KEDIRI
2018
 I. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

One of the positive aspects of progress of the research world in Indonesia, is appears that so many
young researchers are now more critical in examining the existing objects. In Indonesia, many researchers
or not researchers who do a lot of research in order to fulfill a task or as evidence of an incident. That
where any such research usually requires a test that will be able to become a scientific results are truly
valid and are riel absence or unreality lies the impressive data obtained is made up. So that we can be riel
study then we as a researcher must first examine our results called reliability testing.
Most of us think that if we have conclusions from the results of our study of the events is limited, and
then the conclusion it applies perfectly to the whole incident of its kind. Such forecasts are not necessarily
correct, to avoid things like that then we have to do reliability, which is useful for indicate the validity of
the data of the results of a study that we did.
Reliability is able to show the level of confidence in the score or match scores with the scores level
indeed. This reliability can be achieved through the level of compatibility between the scoring on more
than one measurement. If getting fit with the actual score the higher the level of reliability. Even if there
is a mismatch it is a random error. So the possibility of error is still there, but most likely it is once and
will not have much effect on the outcome of a test.

II. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the sense of reliability?

2. What is the purpose of reliability?
3. What kinds of reliability?
4. Any factors that affect reliability?
 III. DISCUSSION

A. Understanding Reliability
Reliabilities words in Indonesian in the capture of reliability in the English language, derived from the
word, which means trustworthy reliable. "Reliability" is a noun, whereas "reliable" is an adjective or
circumstances.
Reliability is the translation of a word that has its origin reliability Rely and abilities. Measurements
that have high reliability referred to as a reliable measurement (reliable). Although reliability has various
meanings such as trust, reliability, constancy, stability and consistency, but the main idea contained in the
concept of reliability is the extent to which the measurement results can be trusted.
From some of the above so the reliability of the test is a measuring tool used to determine the
consistency of measurement test results show. Someone said to be believed when they speak steady, does
not change the conversation from to time. An important test was observed constancy and the certainty of
the test is seen from the test results obtained.
Thus the reliability of the evaluation of learning is traits that exist in the data or the score generated
by the instrument, but for ease, reliability can be said is the nature of the instrument as well. The point
reliability is not a dichotomous nature, but it is a stretch that is usually expressed in terms of the numbers
0-1.

B. Interest reliability
The purpose of their reliability is clearly conceptualize one variable. Each measurement should refer
to one and only one concept/variable. A variable must be specific in order to reduce the intervention of
other variable information. Using the appropriate is measurement level. The higher or more precise
measurement level, then that variable will be made more reliable because the information held more
detail.
The basic principle is to try to make measurements at the most appropriate level which may be
obtained. Use more than one indicator with the presence of more than one specific indicator, researchers
can perform measurements on a wider range to conceptual definition. Use pilot tests, namely by creating
one or more draft or in a measurement before heading to the stage of the hypotheses (pretest). In the use
of pilot studies, the principle is to replicate measurements that have been done by previous researchers of
literature-related.
 Furthermore, the previous measurement can be used as a standard of measurement conducted by
researchers today. Quality measurements can be improved in various ways as far as definitions and
understandings used by researchers and then remain the same.
On the construction of measuring instruments, the reliability calculation is useful to make
improvements to the measuring instrument is constructed. Where the measuring, instrument repair is done
through item analysis to determine which items need to be improved. But in the actual measurement,
reliability calculations were made to provide information on the quality scores measuring results to those
who need it. Of course, the acquisition can be made a reference for researchers to produce research that
can be justified in the future.
Thus, if the reliability is good, will show the minimal variant underdog. If the test has a high
reliability of the effect of measurement errors has been reduced.

C. Type reliability
In relation to a research, the following are the types of measurement reliability and implementation
procedures of reliability that is often encountered in evaluation and research instruments, namely:
1. Re-measurement technique (test-retest)
In this technique the same tests were asked to answer the measuring instrument twice. Where hose the
time is not too close and not too long (15-30 days). Then it first measurement results correlated with
measurements II.
The time interval measuring Resize
X ----------------- X
In this reliability, judging whether the measurement result is similar to the results of measuring
whether respondents stable so-called reliability stability. Correlation is done in scores of respondents
without regard to the composition of the grains. The composition may be any item with the targets need
not be equal.
The reliability of these tests is important, especially when it is used to determine predictors for
example test capabilities. The test taker in general will continue to remember the answer, if there is an
item about which contain historical factor, compared to shape knowledge about algebra, for example.
If the correlation coefficient showed high reliability means a good test, if the correlation is low,
meaning the tests had a low consistency.
2. Mechanical halved
In this technique, the measuring instrument should have drawn a lot of items (50-60), which measures
the same aspect. Where measuring devices tested on the test, then calculated the validity of the item.
 How to perform the reliability halved basically is done in the following way:
a. Perform testing the items that have been made on the subject target
b. For existing test into two basic number of the most common items by dividing the number of items with
odd and even at the time
c. compute the subjects in both groups of recipients of items that even odd item
d. both scores correlated, using a formula that is relevant to correlation measurements.
If the correlation coefficient is high, the test has a good reliability level. Would be otherwise, if the result
two items is low.
3. Mechanical parallel (equivalent form)
In this aspect, made two kinds of measuring instruments that measure the same aspect. The measuring
instrument to be test on the same tests. Then searched the validity of each type. Where to look for the
value of reliability is done by correlating the total score.

Measuring Without or with an interval Measure and

X ----------------- X

In this reliability engineering, measuring seen whether similar results are still similar to the results of
measuring whether respondents equivalent so-called reliability equivalent. Where the correlation is done
on a score of respondents without regard to the composition of the grains. The composition of the grain
may be any unnecessary targeting the intended same. The similarity is unity of purpose, level of
difficulty, and composition.

D. Factors of affecting the reliability

Reliability can be affected by the conduct of the test time. Organizing intervals that are too close or
far, will be influence with reliability coefficient. Factors other factors that affect in between;
1. The length of the test, the longer the test evaluation, the more the number of items of learning materials
is measured. This indicates two possibilities, namely a test closer to the truth, and in follow test, the
smaller the students to guess. Means the higher the coefficient of reliability.
2. Spreading coefficient score reliabilities directly influence with some people form a group of students
were measured. The higher the spread of increasingly steeper reliability coefficient estimates. This
happens because the position score of students individually have the same position in another retest test,
as a reference.
3. Difficulties test; normative test is too easy or too dificult scors for students tend to result in lower
reliability. The phenomenon, will result in the distribution of scores tend to be limited to one side.
 To test that is too easy to score the students 'answers will accumulate no up side, to test too difficult to
score the students' answers will tend to accumulate on the bottom end. Two of these events have in
common is that the differences between individuals is small and tends to be irrelevant
4. Objectivity that the intent objective is the degree to which students with competence at achieving the
same result. When the evaluation test procedures have high objectivity, then the reliability of the test is
not influenced by the technical procedure of scoring. The resulting objective test items are not influenced
judgment or opinion of an evaluator.

VI. Conclusion

With the examination of the results of a study or often referred to as a reliability test then the resulting
research will have a qualified quality. Because the studies that have been through the test were considered
a good research and meet the standard.
There are three basic techniques that can be applied by researchers in testing the reliability of a study as
follows:
1. Re-measurement technique (test-retest)
2. Mechanical halved
3. Mechanical parallel (equivalent form)
Factors that affect the reliability of the test are the test time, and other factors among which;
1. The length of the test
2. Spreading score
3. Difficulties test
4. Objectivity
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