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1ST MIDTERM ADDITONAL NOTES - Sosc 1000
1ST MIDTERM ADDITONAL NOTES - Sosc 1000
Epistemology
Empiricism – knowledge gained by experience (inductive reasoning)
2 ways of
Rationalism – knowledge gained by reasoning (using deductive reasoning) acquiring
knowledge
- There is a direct link between concept, and they develop and the observable
phenomena.
- Philosopher said we can only study the appearance of things rather than thing itself;
we are because of our own humanity in a position to know about human
consciousness and its role in society.
Realism - scientific theories provide descriptions of the world that are approximately
true
Ontology – is the theory of social entitles and is concerned with what there exists to be
investigate
- It can be falsifying
Critical realism – process of interpretation while doing theoretical and practical work
- Concept and theories about social events are developed on basis of their observable
effects and interpreted in such way that they can be understood and acted upon.
Social facts
Social research – can be carried out subject to varied epistemological and ontological
stances – so it is important to know what assumption neem have made at the outset of the
research.
1) Experimentation
2) Observation
- Categorized 3 ways
1) 1st person observation
2) Asking people about it (surveys, interviews0
3) Secondary resources
First-person observation – witness – while researcher begin with borrowed data and
theories and they observe and record the original information.
Qualitative Quantitative
1st person observation Field work and qualitative Quantitative observational
experiment data collection (using
instruments)
Secondary source Episode record research Running records – and
content coding type
research
Opinion seeking Interviews, focus groups Large 0 scale polling/
and open-ended survey survey research
Mediated information
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
Descriptive inference
Causal research
Overt observation
Covert observation
Classification
Conceptualization
Taxonomy
Typology